Chapter 06 - Organic Evolution

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Chapter 06
Organic Evolution

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Before the 18th century, theories on the origin of species are best described as
A. nonexistent.
B. simple, with early Greek philosophers seeing fossils as destroyed life forms, but not
placing them into an evolutionary concept.
C. foundational, with early Greek philosophers seeing fossils as a continuous lineage but
merely lacking the genetic understanding to explain it.
D. complete, but poorly explained in modern scientific terms until Darwin wrote more clearly.

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Chapter 06 - Organic Evolution

2. Lamarck's theory of evolution was centered on the idea that

A. individuals with genetic variations have different survival rates.
B. species are only produced through special creation.
C. species are fixed and unchanging over time.
D. an individual organism changes during its lifetime, and these changes can be passed on to
offspring.

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Chapter 06 - Organic Evolution

3. Cutting off the legs of toads over several generations should cause the legs of their
offspring to become shorter, according to the ideas of which of these scientists?
A. Darwin
B. Lamarck
C. Mayr
D. Lyell

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Topic: Origins of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory

4. Darwin's theory of natural selection to explain evolution is considered _____ because it

_____.
A. variational; involves descent with selection among varieties
B. variational; explains the variations of fossils
C. transformational; claims individuals can change their characteristics to produce evolution
D. transformational; involves descent with selection among varieties

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Topic: Origins of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory

5. Lamarck's theory explaining evolution is considered ______ because it ______.

A. variational; involves descent with selection among varieties
B. variational; explains the variations of fossils
C. transformational; claims individuals can change their characteristics to produce evolution
D. transformational; involves descent with selection among varieties

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Chapter 06 - Organic Evolution

6. As author of the book Principles of Geology, ______ presented arguments to support a

theory of geological change that the earth was subject to slow but continuous erosion and
uplift, following the laws of physics and chemistry similar to what is observed today.
A. Archbishop James Ussher
B. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
C. Charles Darwin
D. Charles Lyell

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Topic: Origins of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory

7. In his voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle, most of Darwin's observations about changes in
species over time and in different environments took place in and near where?
A. North America
B. Africa
C. South America
D. Asia

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Chapter 06 - Organic Evolution

8. What is the most accurate comparison of the Galápagos Islands and the nearest continental
habitat?
A. The Galápagos Islands are relatively uniform while the mainland is highly diverse.
B. The Galápagos Islands and the mainland are essentially identical habitats which makes it
an excellent "controlled" experiment.
C. The Galápagos Islands are relatively newly formed and also fragmented into diverse
habitats.
D. The Galápagos Islands were, until recently, connected by land bridges forming one unified
habitat.

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Topic: Origins of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory

9. Evolution by natural selection was independently proposed by Darwin and __________.

A. Alfred Russel Wallace
B. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
C. Captain Robert FitzRoy
D. Charles Lyell

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10. Both Wallace and Darwin read about the critical concept of overpopulation and limited
environmental capacity in a book by
A. Charles Lyell about human populations.
B. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck about the mechanisms of evolution.
C. Ernst Mayr on the synthesis of new biological discoveries.
D. Thomas Malthus about human populations.

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Another document from Scribd.com that is
random and unrelated content:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of My twin
puppies
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.
Title: My twin puppies

Author: Edna Groff Deihl

Release date: June 6, 2022 [eBook #68254]

Language: English

Original publication: United States: Sam'l Gabriel Sons & Company, 1924

Credits: Charlene Taylor, Barry Abrahamsen, and the Online Distributed Proofreading
Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously
made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MY TWIN

PUPPIES ***
 M
T
P

STORY BY

E G D
PUBLISHED BY
SAM’L GABRIEL SONS &
COMPANY
NEW YORK
 By the Same
Author
“The Little Dog That Would
Not Wag His Tail”

“The Little Kitten That

Would
Not Wash Its Face”

“The Teddy Bear That

Prowled
at Night”

“The Little Chick That

Would Not Go To Bed”

“My Twin Puppies”

“My Twin Kitties”

Copyrighted
1924
Sam’l Gabriel Sons & Company
 Once upon a time two little puppies were born on the very same day.
Of course that made them twins! One day when they were quite small,
Jimmy’s father brought them home in a big basket. Their backs were
turned to each other. One big, black eye was sticking out over one side of
the basket, and two saucy brown ones over the other side.
 “Oh, Daddy!” was all Jimmy could say.
“What shall we name them?” asked Daddy, after he had laid the
doggies on a pretty green cushion by the fireplace. Jimmy turned his blue
eyes way up. He was trying to think.
 In the next yard a little girl was blowing bubbles. The bubbles shown
like the puppies’ eyes. “Let’s call the BROWN ONE BUBBLES!” he
said suddenly. “Fine!” answered Daddy.
 Then he left his seat in the big arm-chair. The black-eyed puppy had
gotten off his cushion, and was trying to chew Jimmy’s shoe! “Go back
to your cushion!” he commanded, “You’ll make a lot of trouble, I can
see!” “Oh, Daddy!” shouted Jimmy. “Let’s call him TROUBLES!”
 One evening Daddy came home with a package. “Is it mine?” asked
Jimmy. “It is for your twins,” said Daddy.
When Jimmy opened it, two nice, new collars fell out! On one was a
silver plate with TROUBLES. On the other a silver plate with
BUBBLES.
 Soon the puppies were very well trained. Every morning Jimmy took
them walking. He walked in the middle. Troubles stayed on the outside,
while Bubbles was on the inside. They never got out of line.
 But one morning, before Jimmy could turn, they ran wildly across the
street, barking furiously! There on the other side was A BIG BLACK
CAT! Such a noise as they made! “Bow, Wow, Bow, Wow, Bow, Wow!
Woo-woo-woo-woo-woo! Bow-wow!”
 Suddenly the big, black cat arched her back and hissed at them!
“Meow! Meow! Meow! Meow! P-f-f-f-f-f-f-f!”
Jimmy laughed and laughed when the twins ran back pell-mell! He
knew they were afraid. “Fall in line!” he said, sternly. Then they
marched on down the street.
 One day Jimmy decided to be a circus man. “I will have trained dogs!”
he said.
Daddy taught him some tricks. First they got a big barrel-hoop.
Troubles and Bubbles did not want to jump through it at first, but soon
they learned how. Then they thought it heaps of fun.
 Soon they could do lots of tricks. They sat up and begged. Bubbles
could not hold his front paws as gracefully as Troubles.
It was so hard to teach them to walk! Bubbles seemed to be bow-
legged, and Troubles pigeon-toed, but at last they succeeded in taking ten
steps at a time.
 And how beautifully they sang after a few lessons! Troubles sang high
and Bubbles sang low.
But best of all they loved to play dead! They lay so still when Jimmy
covered them with an old shawl, that sometimes it frightened him!
 Then Jimmy had a birthday. His father said he might have a circus in
the garage! They trimmed it with flags and bunting, and fixed up some
soap boxes for a stage. Jimmy was so thankful for such a nice father, that
he gave him a BIG HUG!
 At last it was time for the circus. All the boys and girls in the
neighborhood came. Jimmy charged a penny admission. He wanted to
buy a gift for the little lame boy who lived in the alley. He let him come
in without paying anything.
 When the children were all in the garage Jimmy closed the doors.
Then he went to get the performers. THEY WERE GONE! Jimmy
looked and looked but he could not find them. His father looked and
looked, but he could not find them! His mother looked and looked, but
she could not find them! The children looked and looked but they could
not find them!
 Jimmy felt like crying, but he didn’t! Instead he gave back a penny to
each girl and boy who had come to the circus. They all went home! Only
the little lame boy from the alley stayed. He and Jimmy sat on the garage
steps with their faces in their hands and their elbows on their knees. They
were thinking.
 “Yip! Yip! Yip! Yip!—Yip!—Yip!”
Jimmy looked at the lame boy. The lame boy looked at Jimmy!
“Where are they?” asked Jimmy. “It sounds as if they’re in the garage,”
answered the lame boy. But when they got into the garage it was
EMPTY and VERY QUIET!
 Once more they went out and sat on the steps. Soon they heard the
crying noise again. Jimmy called his father. Then they all listened.
“Yip! Yip! Yip! Yip!—Yip!—Yip!”
 It came from the corner where the automobile stood. But when they
went in to the car it was EMPTY. Jimmy’s father was as much puzzled as
the boys. Soon they heard it again. “Yip! Yip! Yip! Yip!” It was very
weak.
Suddenly Father laughed! Then he lifted up the big front seat!
 Huddled in the corner, frightened out of their wits were the puppies!
He lifted them out by the back of their necks and placed them on the
hood. “You scamps!” he said, “You hid in there while I was getting some
tools, and I shut you in because I did not see you!”
 Soon the children heard that the circus dogs were found! They came
rushing back with their pennies! In a few minutes the garage was as
noisy as THE BIG TENT! Such clapping! Such shouting! Such barking!
 When it was all over the children went home. The little lame boy got
his present. The puppies had a good supper. Then Jimmy took them for a
nice long walk. Across the street was THE BIG BLACK CAT!
 But the twins paid no attention to her. They were too happy and full
and sleepy.