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General
Biology 2 12

General Biology 2 – Grade 12

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Quarter 3 – Module 2: Recombinant DNA Application
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Ephraim M. Villacrusis

Editor: Ephraim M. Villacrusis
Reviewers: Ms. Liza A. Alvarez Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Bren kylle A. Aveno
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Revera, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

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 Quarter 3
Module 2
Recombinant DNA Application

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 2 of Grade 12 Module 2 on Recombinant DNA

Application!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools Division
Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with the Local
Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Vico Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 2 Module 2 on Recombinant DNA Application!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create

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and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the lessons
in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you understand
from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module. Ito po ang parts ng module

EXPECTATION
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the different application of recombinant DNA in various

industries.
2. Discuss the applications of recombinant DNA technology

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 PRETEST

Directions: TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct

and write
FALSE if the statement is incorrect. Write the answer on the separate sheet of paper.
________1. Insulin extracted from the animals are chemically similar but not
identical to human insulin
________2. Yeast have plasmid that can be used as gene vectors that can take up
foreign DNA and integrate it into their genome.
________3. A vaccine is a harmful variant of pathogen that is used to inoculate
an infectious disease.
______ 4. Recombinant DNA of the hepatitis B infection surface antigen is
created in yeast cells to be remembered for the antibody.
_______5. Golden rice is a transgenic variety with bacterial genes produces
grains that contains beta-carotene, which our body uses to make

vitamin A.

RECAP
Activity 2.1. Think Like a Scientist

Answer the following scenarios like you are the experts in the field of
genetic engineering. Write your answers below.

A molecular geneticist hopes to find a gene in human liver cells that codes
for an important blood-clotting protein. He knows that the nucleotide
sequence of a small part of the gene is GTGGACTGACA. Briefly explain how
to obtain the desired gene.

LESSON

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For the past decades, DNA technology including recombinant DNA
technology and other methods for studying and manipulating DNA have
change the future of human race. It open –up new opportunities in the fields
of mass production of gene product, pharmaceutical industry and medicine,
and agriculture.

Production of Gene Products

Recombinant cells and organisms modified by DNA technology are used

nowadays to manufacture many useful products. Bacteria are the best
candidate for manufacturing a protein product. Major advantages of bacteria
include the plasmid and the phages that are used as gene cloning vectors and
the fact that bacteria can be grown rapidly and cheaply in large tanks.
Bacteria are easy to be engineered to produce large amounts of particular
proteins. Engineered bacteria like the E. coli secrete the protein products in
the medium thus, it is easy for the scientist to collect and synthesize it.
Despite the advantages of bacteria, it is equally important to utilized
eukaryotic cells to produce protein products. The simplest and the most
recommended among the eukaryotic cells are the Saccharomycetes cerevisiae
or yeast. Similarly, yeast also have plasmid that can be used as gene vectors,
it can also take up foreign DNA and integrate it into their genome.

Some protein products require mammalian cells, genes of these products are
often cloned in bacteria as a preliminary step, before it can be transfer. Many
proteins that mammalian cells normally secrete are glycoprotein with chains
of sugar attached. Because only mammalian cells must be used for making
these kind of products. Here are some of protein products of recombinant
DNA technology.

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Pharmaceutical Industry and Medicine

DNA technology has already had a major impact on the pharmaceutical

industry and on human medicine. Recombinant DNA establish its influence
in the different field of medicine such as: therapeutic hormones; diagnosis
and treatment of disease and; development of vaccines.
A. Therapeutic Hormones

Insulin and growth hormone (GH) were the first pharmaceutical products
made using recombinant DNA technology. Before 1982, the main

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 source of insulin were
pigs and cattle tissues
obtained from the
slaughterhouse. Insulin
extracted from the
animals are chemically
similar but not identical
to human insulin, thus it
causes harmful
side effects in some
people. Genetic engineering solved this problem by developing bacteria that
actually synthesize and secretes human insulin.

Growth hormone(GH) was harder to find, children with GH deficiency

had to rely on human cadavers to acquire such hormones. In 1985, scientist
made an artificial gene for GH
by joining human DNA fragment
to a chemically synthesized
piece of DNA. Using this gene,
they were able to produce GH in
E. coli.

Other
hormones produce
because of the development of recombinant DNA technology are the;

Blood Clotting Factor VIII

Blood clotting elements assume a fundamental part in the administration of

patients that experience the ill effects of hemophilia, a draining issue
including the absence of capacity to deliver sufficient blood clotting
component VIII for blood coagulation to work as ordinary.

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 The capacity to make recombinant blood
coagulating factor VIII permits bigger amounts to
be utilized by and by and diminishes the
requirement for blood gift to get the factor
normally.

The promising effect of blood clotting factor VIII

enables the scientist to see the brighter future for people who are suffering
from this kind of disease through recombinant DNA technology.

B. Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease

DNA technology is likely to be used increasingly in disease diagnosis.

Recombinant DNA has been utilized in the advancement of the most
wellknown analytic procedures for HIV and to recognize the presence of HIV
in an
individual. The neutralizer test utilizes a
recombinant HIV protein to quantify antibodies
in the body that multiply when there is an HIV
contamination.

The DNA test utilizes turnaround record

polymerase chain response (RT-PCR) to
identify the presence of HIV hereditary
material. This method was created utilizing the
rDNA of atoms and investigating the genome
successions.

C. Vaccines

DNA technology is also helping medical scientist develop vaccines. A vaccine

is a harmless variant of a pathogen that is used to prevent an infectious
disease. When a potential host is inoculated, the vaccine stimulates the
immune system to develop lasting defenses against the pathogen. Especially
for the many viral diseases for which there is no effective drug treatment,
prevention by vaccination is virtually the only medical way to fight

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 the disease.

This method has been used to

make the vaccine against hepatitis
B virus. Hepatitis B is a disease of
the liver that can be forestalled
with the hepatitis B antibody.
Recombinant DNA of the
hepatitis B infection surface antigen is created in yeast cells to be remembered
for the antibody. This is gainful as the hepatitis infection doesn't multiply in
vitro and recombinant DNA gives a technique to make the DNA expected to
control hepatitis B.

Agriculture and the Genetically Modified Organism

A growing concern of most people nowadays is the shortage of supply of food

around the world. Scientist concerned with feeding the growing human
population are using DNA technology to make genetically modified organisms
for use in agriculture.

Researchers can manipulate the DNA of a single somatic cells and then grow
a plant with a new trait from the engineered cells. Already in commercial use
are a number of crop plants carrying new genes for the desired traits like
delayed ripening, and resistance to spoilage and disease.

Many of the genetically modified(GM) plants have received genes for herbicide
resistance. For example, a number of varieties of soybeans and cotton carry
a bacterial gene that makes the plants resistant to herbicides. Currently, the
most common crops are the Bt cotton, Bt soybeans, Bt eggplants and Bt corn
that contains genes from Bacillus thuringiensis which makes the crops
resistant to certain insect pest.

The nutritional value of crop plants is also being improved. ‘Golden rice,” a
transgenic variety with daffodil genes produces grains that contains beta-
carotene, which our body uses to make vitamin A.

Today, scientist is also exploring the possibilities of making transgenic farm

animals, though at present only on an experimental basis. The goals tend to

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be the same as those of traditional breeding to improve the quality of farm
animal products. However, the development of transgenic farm animals is
proceeding slowly due to some encountered problem with the animals such
as increased susceptibility to disease and low fertility.

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 2.2.

Directions: Classify the different applications of recombinant DNA technology. Write

A- agriculture, PM – Pharmaceutical industry and medicine & GP -Production of
gene products

______1. Golden rice ______6. Human Growth Hormone

______2. Bt corn ______7. Bt cotton

______3. Hepatitis B ______8. Bt soybeans

______4. HIV ______9. Human Insulin

______5. Blood coagulating factor VIII ______10. Interferons

Activity 2.3: Practice writing scientific names. Change the following microbial names
to make them scientifically correct according to binomial nomenclature.

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1. Bt –

2. E. coli –

3. yeast –

4. HIV –

5. golden rice -

WRAP–UP

Activity 2.4 Explain the following.

Recombinant DNA techniques are used to custom –build bacteria for two
main reasons: to make a multiple copies of desired genes and to obtain
useful proteins. Give an example of each of these applications in the field
of pharmaceutical, medicine and agriculture.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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 VALUING

Activity 2.5. Essay

Directions: In a minimum of 10 sentences, present your ideas about the condition
of recombinant DNA technology in our country today. Give situation to prove your
point.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2.6:
Most Essential Learning Competency: The learners outline the processes involved in
genetic engineering and discuss the applications of recombinant DNA.

K to 12 BEC CG: STEM_BIO11/12IIIa-b-6, STEM_BIO11/12IIIa-b-7

Directions: Read the instructions carefully then answer the questions properly.

I. Multiple choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a molecular biology technique that makes many identical copies of a piece of
DNA, such as a gene.
a. DNA cloning b. gene therapy c. recombinant DNA d. PCR
2. A circular piece of DNA is called _____________.
a. Helicase b. plasmid c. bacteriophage d. probe
3. The enzyme that “glues” the nucleotides during DNA replication.
a. Helicase b. ligase c. PCR d. polymerase
4. . The first mammal that was successfully cloned is ________.
a. rat b. dog c. cow d. sheep
5. It is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products.
a. biotechnology b. genetic engineering c. cloning d. PCR
6. It is a technique used in the lab to combine DNA from different organisms.
a. DNA cloning b. gene therapy c. recombinant DNA d. PCR

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7. An enzyme that cuts the DNA at a specific code.
a. polymerase b. restriction enzyme c. ligase d. helicase

II. Draw your own version of transgenic organism and explain why do you
want to create one. Write your explanation below your illustration.

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POST TEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.
_________1. Which is a transgenic organism?
A. A bacterium that has received genes via conjugation.
B. A human given a corrected blood clotting genes.
C. A fern grown in cell culture from a single fern root cell
D. A rat with rabbit hemoglobin genes.
_________2. Which is not an application of recombinant DNA technology in medicine?
A. Growth Hormone C. golden rice
B. Insulin D. Blood clotting factor VIII
For questions 3-5
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. E. coli
C. Saccharomycetes cerevisiae

_________3. It is microbial organisms that has a gene that makes plants resistant to
herbicides.
_________4. It is a bacterial that contains plasmid use to produce desirable proteins
for human consumptions
_________5. It is a eukaryotic cells that contains also plasmids and use to produce
desirable proteins.

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