2

General
Biology 2 12

General Biology 2 – Grade 12

Quarter 3 – Module 3: Conventional Agriculture and Genetic Engineering First
Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Ephraim M. Villacrusis

Editor: Ephraim M. Villacrusis
Reviewers: Ms. Liza A. Alvarez Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Bren kylle A. Aveno
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Revera, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)
 General 12
Biology 2
Quarter 3
Module 3

Conventional Agriculture and

Genetic Engineering
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 2 of Grade 12 Module 3 on Conventional Agriculture

and Genetic Engineering!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools Division
Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with the Local
Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Vico Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 2 Module 3 on Conventional Agriculture and

Genetic Engineering!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts
to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that
you understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications

of the lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module. Ito po ang parts ng module
 EXPECTATION
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. differentiate conventional agriculture and genetic engineering

2. appreciate conventional agriculture and genetic engineering in improving the
lives of the people

PRETEST

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is
incorrect.
________1. The main purpose of conventional agriculture is to increase the
production of yielded crops.
________2. The use of synthetic chemicals is one of the practice of farmers that
utilizes GM crops.
________3. The rampant usage of synthetic chemicals increases the soil, water,
and even air pollutions.
________4. Hybridization highlights the positive traits of plants like high yields,
tolerance to drought etc.
________5. Conventional agriculture maintains the rich biodiversity of the
environment.
RECAP
Activity 3.1. Direction: Write a Five (5) sentence answer to the question below.

What is the function of the Ti plasmid in the creation of transgenic organism?

Explain your answer.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

LESSON

The main concern of scientist is to produce the optimal nutrition for human health
and development. To seek solution for the growing needs of our planet for food and
nutrition. However, adverse environmental conditions, such as drought, flooding,
extreme heat and so on, affect crop yields more than pests and diseases. Thus, a
major goal of scientists is to find ways to maintain high productivity under stress as
well as developing crops with enhanced nutritional value. Geneticallymodified (GM)
crops can prove to be powerful complements to those produced by conventional
methods for meeting the worldwide demand for quality foods. Crops developed by
genetic engineering can not only be used to enhance yields and nutritional quality
but also for increased tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Given all the
advantages in using the GMO in the field of agriculture, we still cannot disregard the
contribution of conventional practices in the field of agriculture. For the past
decades, people develop their skills to make crops with the desired characteristics
using conventional methods and became successful in this endeavor.

To provide balance representations of this topic this module will show you the
different conventional methods and practices in the field of agriculture and the recent
development in agriculture using recombinant DNA technology.
 Conventional agriculture vs Genetic Engineering

For the past years, the main purpose

of Conventional agriculture is
to optimized the production of
yielded crops. Which is therefore
attained through the practice
of synthetic chemicals. Synthetic
chemicals are made by
humans, resorting to other known
methods aside from the natural
way of its composition
and usage, but is naturally derived
from it. Conventional
agriculture, in terms of achieving a
certain crop’s desired characteristics, trait, and
 physical appearance, can easily be classified as a
Conventional type if any synthetic chemicals are
evident and its use is more frequent, compared
to how crops are normally raised using the
normal way of yielding, an example of synthetic
chemicals used in crops are pesticides, fungicides,
herbicides and a lot more. Which resulted to soil,
water, and even air pollutions because of the
rampant usage of this synthetic chemicals.
❖ Conventional breeding is entirely
perceived through the use of plants
crossing together, which is mainly
compromised with the needed or the
wanted characteristics, the selection of
the offspring is built up from the
combination of certain traits and
properties, giving leeway, for a
particular. We can refer to this as
hybridization process. This process
highlights the positive traits of plants
like high yields, tolerance to drought
etc..
❖ Despite the stated benefits
Conventional agriculture
possesses, this method neglects
the idea of having or
maintaining the rich biodiversity
plants and soil possess, soil
fertility and health are
deteriorating since the goal of
this method is to improve
farming capabilities but lays a
huge threat on the
environment.
❖ With the ever-growing
advancements in the field of
Genetic engineering,
innovations on numerous
accounts with regards to the
practical and theoretical aspects
of gene
function or formation and organization, have been continuously adding up
beneficially. Through the use of recombinant DNA techniques, bacteria that possess
the capability of synthesizing human Insulin is one example of the progress shown by
Genetic engineering over the times, human growth hormones, the creation of a
hepatitis B vaccine, the use of alpha interferon, and other medical applications.
 ❖ Plants can be genetically
changed to enable them in fixing
nitrogen, moreover, genetic
diseases and ailments can be
corrected, replacing dysfunctional
genes with normal disease-free
genes. On the other hand, concerns
have been building up for fear that
they might result in the introduction
and manifestation of adverse and
most likely dangerous traits into
organisms that were
previously free with the condition, the
mass production of toxins, or in some
parts, the likeliness to cause a disease which might furthermore enhance it negatively
and having the resistance to anti-biotics.
❖ It has made the lives of many at ease with the continuing progression of Genetic
engineering, despite its countable drawbacks, it has still proven its worth and the high
usage rate it encompasses.
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 3.2. Directions: Compare and Contrast Conventional Agriculture and Use
of Genetic engineering in the field of Agriculture.

Activity 3.3:
Directions: Complete the following sentences.
My chosen word is: ______________________________________________________________
(conventional agriculture, Genetic Engineering)
I know that I know
__________________________________________________________________________________
First, I know
__________________________________________________________________________________

In addition, I know
__________________________________________________________________________________

Now you know something that I know

__________________________________________________________________________________
 WRAP–UP

Activity 3.4. ESSAY: Complete the sentences below

There are three reasons why I

________________________________________________________________________

First,
________________________________________________________________________
In addition,
________________________________________________________________________
Then finally,
________________________________________________________________________
Write your own ending or conclusion. Refer to your opening statement
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

V ALUING
Activity 3.5. What do you think!
Directions: In a minimum of 5 sentences, explain the quotes below.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
P OST TEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.

A. Hybridization B. Conventional Agriculture C. Synthetic chemicals

D. GMO E. Genetic engineering

_________1. It is the product of recombinant DNA technology that are grown in
agricultural fields

_________2. It is the field of study that includes genetic manipulation of different

species of organism.
_________3. It includes pesticides and fertilizers that are widely use in conventional
agriculture.
_________4. It is a combination of genes inherited from two parents and highlights all
the good characteristics of the organism.

_________5. It’s main purpose is to optimized the production of yielded crops.