phosphate removed

ATP-ADP Cycle
 But first…..

Autotrophs Heterotrophs
Make their own food Can NOT make own
• with light – phototrophs food… they get their
• with chemicals -- energy by the foods they
chemotrophs eat
 Adenosine triphosphate

+
P

ribose
-

adenine
 Adenosine diphosphate

+
P

ribose
-

adenine
 + +
Releasing energy

Storing energy

- -

P
Releasing energy
P P

P Storing energy P

ribose ribose

adenine adenine
ATP-ADP Cycle

phosphate removed
ATP-ADP Cycle
– Energy is released when a phosphate is removed

– Energy is added when a phosphate is added

phosphate removed
Transformation of Energy
• Energy is the ability to do work.
• Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation of
energy in the universe.
Laws of Thermodynamics

– First law - Energy can be converted from one

form to another, but it cannot be created nor
destroyed. HE
– Second law - Energy cannot be converted
without the loss of usable energy. AT
Organisms break down organic
molecules to make ATP.
• Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken
down to make ATP.
– up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule
• Lipids store the most energy.
– 80 percent of the energy in your body
– about 146 ATP from a fat
• Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
– amino acids not usually needed for energy
– about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate