Dr. S. M.

Nur Alam

Rates of reactions
Thus at any time the instantaneous rate is equal to the
slope of a straight line drawn tangent to the curve at
that time. For example, in Fig. 20.2 the instantaneous
rate at 10 seconds is found to be 0.0022 mol l–1 s–1.
Determine dye decomposition reaction order

UV-vis spectrum of a dye decomposition reaction with different time

0.4
0 min
0.35
5 min
0.3 10 min
15 min
0.25
Absorbance

20 min
0.2 25 min

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength (nm)
Determine dye decomposition reaction order

Time (min) [A] ln[A] 1/[A]

0 0.00012255 -9.007 8159.935

5 0.0001028 -9.183 9727.626

10 0.00008995 -9.316 11117.287

15 0.00007679 -9.474 13022.529

20 0.00006424 -9.653 15566.625

25 0.00005547 -9.8 18027.763

 Graph of dye decomposition reaction order
Zero Order Reaction First Order
0.00014 -8.8 y = -0.0005x - 9.0103
0.00012 R² = 0.9987
-9
0.0001 -9.2

Ln[A]
0.00008
-9.4
[A]

0.00006
-9.6
0.00004
R² = 0.9864 -9.8
0.00002
0 -10
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Time (s) Time (s)

Second Order
20000 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = −𝑚 = −(0.0005)
15000

= 0.0005 𝑠 −1
1/[A]

10000
R² = 0.9846
5000

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Time (s)
UNITS OF RATE CONSTANT
The units of rate constant for different orders of reactions are different
HALF–LIFE OF A REACTION

Reaction rates can also be expressed in terms of half-life or half-life period. It is

defined as : the time required for the concentration of a reactant to decrease
to half its initial value
It is clear from this relation that :
(1) half-life for a first order reaction is independent of the initial concentration.
(2) it is inversely proportional of k, the rate-constant.