(M2/4/CHEMUHP2/ENG/TZU7XX /@ Dp interrational Baccalaureate! Baccalauréat Interaticnal Ill \ | l OF sachilerat internacional ‘CHEMISTRY Candidate session number HIGHERLEVEL ole PAPER? Tuesday8 May 2012 (afternoon) Examination code 2 hours 15 minutes 2h eli fols INSTRUCTIONSTO CANDIDATES + Wite your session number in the boxes above + Donct open this examination paper until instructed to do so. + Section A answer all questions. + Section B: answer two questions. + Wiite your answersin the boxes provi + Acaleulator is requires for ths paper. + Adlean copy of the Chemistry Data Booklet isrequired for this paper +The maximum mark fer this examination papers [90 merks) mM "= 0136SECTION A Answer all questions. Write your answers inthe boxes provided. MI24.CHEMUIP2ENGTZIX: Propanone reacts with bromin: in acidic solution according to the flowing equation Astudent C1, COCH fag) Bes(aq) H+ BeCH,COCTH (ag) HB (aq) Showa below, @ ‘lial concentration / mot da (@) Westy the reagent the student used 10 cestigated the kinetics ofthis reaetion using data log T “Tipe + o.o0t| Hy + 0.0001 wonitor the rate of reaction equipment. Her data are “Time for colour | Rate of reaction 7 tofade!s = 1 mol dm 1 Gi) Caleulae the rate of reaction for Experiment 5 and comment on the pression of your result 2 (This question continues on the following page) ain za3 MI2/4/CHEMIMPYENGTZUNX (Question | continued) il) Determine the percertag unceraiaty in the calculated rate for Experiment 4.2) (@) Gi) Deduce the onder of weaction with respect 0 CH,COCH,, Br, and 1 BI i) Deduce the rate expression forthe reaction. Coleulate the rate consian and site its uni, BI (This question continues om the following page) IN moeL 4 MI2/4\CHEMUAIP2ENG/TZUNX (Question 1 continued) (6) ‘The student proposed the following mechanism for this rescton, Be, 20 Siow 2Bee + CH,COCH, > BCH,COCH, + Br Fase ‘Comment on whether or not dhe order with respect brom yesuppont this hypothesis. (2) i aas MI2/4/CHEMUNIPRENGTZUNX. In 1921 Thomas Midgley discovered that the addition of a lead compound could improve the combustion of hydrocarbons in automobile (car) engines. This was the beginning ofthe use of leaded gasoline (petra). “The percentage composition 3 mass, ofthe Isad compound used by Midglay is shown below. Mass conposition (@) (Determine the empirical formula of the lad compound. iI Gi) Leaded gasoline has been phased out because the leadiTV) oxide, PbO,, produced asa side product in the combustion reaction, may cause brain damage in children, 0.01 mol of Midgley’s lead compound produces 0.01 mol of lead(IV) oxide Deduce the molecular formala of Midgley’s compound. “w (il) Determine the equation forthe complete combustion of Midghey’s (This question comtimueson the following page) il | ll ll ll Turn over, 0536 Ja ‘ MID/4CHEMUIIP2ENGITZUNK (Question 2continued) (b) ‘The combustion of unleaded gasoline stil produces pollution with both local and global ccorsequences. dently ome exhaust gas which eauses local pollution andone exhaust gas which causes eI chal pollution Local pollutant Global pollutant: L i 0836‘Compound X (shown below) is produced by bacteria living i human ampits sndis thoushtto be partly responsible for unpleasent body smels (2) Bromine water ean be used to est for the presence of one of the functional groups in X. Identity this funcional group and describe the eolour change observe wu (©) The ofier Furetional group cha diciomata(V1) to produce a (@) —Wetify the functional sroup present in Y but notin X. nm Gi) State the type of reaction that X unde goes to form ¥ my (This question continues on te following page) 073 > MI24/CHEMUMPIENGITZUXX HM — 6 4a MI24/CHEMUIP2ENGTZUX: (Question 3 continued) (6) A different compound is produced if excess X is heated with acidiied potassium Aichromate(VI) and the product Z distilled off a it forms, \ Memity he tanetonal group present sn Z. but wot in. Wy lit) Predict ihe order of incre ing boiling point of the compounds X,Y and Zand ‘explain your answer By 0836Chemical energy can be converted to electrical e @ ° mivac MUMP2ENG/TZIXX sayin the yoluie cell below. Mg* (ag) Fe* (aq) Jectode ane deduce which metal isthe positive electrode (cathode) ofthe eel © Deduce the equation forthe overall resction cecurring inthe cell (This question continues on the following page, 09. ilL ml 0 MI2/4/CHEMWP2ENGTZUXX (Question continued) (©) (i) Definethe term standard electrode poeta a i) Calculate the standasd cell potential (£9), in V forthe spontancous using Table [4 of the Data Rooklet. wu (This question continues on the following page) 6 103r " MI2/4\CHEMUIP2ENGTZUXX (Question 4 continued) @ A different chemical cha chloride is eletrolysed using ine Ditterent gases ae prodced “@ «i e eecurs When a saturated aqueous solu electrodes, Sand Tin the circuit below Mgci(ag) the electrndes Sand T. State the half-equations forthe eactions at each eletrode. ses are formed. 7 Determine the mole ratio in which the g (This quction comtiass on the following page) AMUN Temonee 1138 J2 M124. CHEMIAIP2ENGTZUXX (Question 4continued) L (if) Suggest how the experimental conditions could be changed 10 produce the two se ata hi! in Liv) Anoiher gas isproduced when MgCl, is ata lower concentration. State the name ot this gas and deduce the half-equation for this reaction. eh Name: Equation: leeBb MI24(CHEMUIP2ENGITZUX! SECTION B Answer two questions. Write your answers in the boses provided. Ethane, C11, and disilane, Si, are bo hydrides of group 4 elements with similar structures but with different chen cal propertics (2) (i) Dedace the Lewis (electron dot structure for Sit, showing all valence electrons. [J] (i) State and explain the H-Si-1I bond angle in Si, (ii) Wns the type oF hybridization shown by the silicon tons in Si, uy (This question continues on te following page) 13 ill Te1 ir M124 CHEMIAIP2ENGTZUXX (Question 5 continued) (Gv) State which of the bonds, Si-I or C-1L is more polar. Explain your choice. By (0) Prodict, with an explanation, the polarity ofthe two molecules, PI (i) Feplain why disilane has a higher boing point than ethane By (This qction continues cm the following gy) nmr 1s MI2/4/CHEMUMP2/ENGITZUXX (Question Scomtinsed) 6) Disilane undergoes complete oxidation to form silicon dioxide and water. 28illy )$70,()-> 480.43) +61,0(1) The standard eathalpy of formation ofthe silicon corspounds is given below Se S019) Calculate the standard enthalpy change, in kJ, for this reaction using these data together with Table 12 of the Dasa Booklet. BB) (i) Cateulae the standard enthalpy change, in Ki, fer the corresponding combustion reaction of? moles of ethane, using Table 12 ofthe Data Booklet Ww (This question continues on the fllowing page) I tam 15. |L 1 16 MIQ/4/CHEMULP2/ENG/TZUXX, (Question 5 cominued) i) Compare the structure and bonding in carbon dioxide and silicon diowie. B) (©) _Disilane reacts with bydiogen to produce silane, Sil, SUM,(@)+11,(e) 928i (8) Use values from Table 10 of the Data Rooklst to esleulate the enthalpy change, 4H°, for this reaction. B) (This question comtnueson the following page)" MI24/CHEMUMPIENGITZUX? (Question 5 continued) @ Silicon tetrachloride, SiCl, isa volatile eolouslessliguid fist prepared by Jons Jakob Berzelusin 1 (Suggest an approximate pH value for the Solution formed by adding the chloride to water and explain your answer. Stato the chemical equation forthe reaction that takes place a Gi) Explain why the aqueous solution formed in (d) (i) conducts electrvity whereas liquid silicon tetrachloride does not eI ‘Turnover a 173L Please do not write on his pag Answers written on this page will not be marked, 1830 1 MI24.CHEMUMPIENGTZUXX0 MI2/4/CHEMUMPIENGITZUXX 6 Consider the two equtbriam syscems involving bromine ga illustrated below Piston Mixture of gaseous + hyarogen, bromine hydrogen bromide Liquid bromine ‘ 8 (a) ‘State equations to represent the equilibria in A and B with Br,(g) on the left-hand sidein both equilibria ty () (i) _ Describe what you would observe ia small amount into. liquid bromineis introduced (This question continues on the follow IN hee 1936L (Question 6continued) © a 2 M124(CHEMUMIPIENGTZUXX (id) Predict what happens to the postion of equilibrium ifa small amount of bydkogen ts inioaucad ito B. u lili) State and explain the effect of increasing the pressure in Bon the position of equilibrium, a Deduce the equilibrium constant expression, Kor the equiliium in B. Ww (id) State the erect oF increasing [11 in Bon the value oF K. Ww (This quction combs om the following pegs) tmr a MIQ4(CHEMUIP2ENGITZUX: (Question 6 continued) (@ (i) Hydrogen bromide forms a strong acid when dissolved in water whereas hydrogen fluoride formsa weak acid. Distinguish betwoon the tems string acid and weuk cid, State equations to describe the dissociation of each acid in aqucous solution. (3) (This question comics on te following page) ANIM ne J 1Mawcuenvmanncreinx | (ii) A student titrated 25.00.m' of a 0.100 mol dav" solution of hydrofluoric acid, (0.100 mol dm) pH “ om paar] + 350 398 ’ 450 417 2 ret + f 6.00 a7 ‘Volume of NaOH (0.100 mol dm) / em wut |B MI24(CHEMUIIPYENGITZ1 (Question 6 continued) ‘Two diferent data peints can be used o detesmine a value for the pX, of HF (ag) ontify the dta points and determine the px using wo diffrent calculations. [6 (Gil) entity an indicator which could be used w find the equivalence point of the titraion using Table 16 ofthe Data Booklet and explain your choice BI (This question continues on the following page) tN beni 2336 I-1 m4 MI24(CHEMUIP2ENGTZUXX (Question 6 continued) (e} When bromine dissolves in water, 1% of the original biomine molecules react acc \o the following equation Be (ag) 11,011) = HOBe (2g) + 1Be(aqy ()Deshicethe oxidation numbers oF bromine in the reacts amd prints 2 (ii) Explain the changes ia the oxidation numbers of bromine. u (ii) Estimate the magnitude ofK, fortis reaction. Choose your value from the following options: uy ko Kel Kol Kel (This question cominueson the following page) 24308 MI24(CHEMUIPIENGITZUX: (Question 6 continued) (1) Fluorine reacs with water to produce oxy ze, (2) :21,0()) > 41F(g) Og) )_Wortify the oxidizing agent inthe reaction. m Gi) 10cm offuorine gas isaddedto water. Caleulate the volume of exy gen produced at the same temperature and pressure. m ll rnL 2% MIA CHEMUNP2ENG/TZUXX A student prepared hex-l-ene, C,I,, from bexan-1-o,C, 11,01, bya dehydration reaction, C,H ,01() > G.H10)+ 1,00) wa below. ‘The reaction mixture contains 5.00 of “The apparatus for this preparation is hhocan-I-ol and an excess of concentrated sulurie acd, which removes the water from the ‘organic compound, ermometer reaction misture waterbath Kegel hec-I-ene with traces of waer ht one. “The distillate wos died to obtain 2.62 g of hs (2) (8) Determine the amount, in mol, of hexan-l-olprosont in the reaction mixture py (Phis question continues on the following page) 2036n MID/41CHEMUMPIENGITZXX (Question 7 continued (i) Cateatate the pes sntage yield of hex-l-ene produced. BI (ili) Another student repested the experiment and reported a yield of 5.24 of organic product. Commert on this resul (b) Hex-t-ene can also be produced fiom the reaction between I-bromohexane and concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide or ethanolic sodium hydroxide w being heated under reflux. Describe the meckanismof this reacticn wing curly arrowsto represent the movement of electron pits. I hthe reaction (This question continues on te following page) INU me a| 2* MI2/4(CHEMVAP2ENGTZUXK (Question 7 continued) (©) (Unlike L-bromohexane,2-bromohexane exists asa pir of optically active isomers Draw diagiamss toshow the relationship between the two isomers of -bromohexane. [2) i) Outline briefly an experimental technique which could be used to distinguish the two isomers in (6). 2 (€) deity the type of isomerism present in hex-2-ene uy (This question cominueson te following page) . wur » MI2/4/CHEMIIP2ENGTZUXX (Question F continued) Both bex-2-ene and hex-I-ne can be converted to hexane by a resction with hyd © the presence of anickel catalyst. () Deduce the names oF tree isomers oF hexane by (Gi) entity the compound with the molecular formula C,ll, which has the highest eI boiling point and explain your choice. (This question cominueson te following page) i rnc 2936 |M124 CHIEMUIP2ENGTZUXX (Question F continued) L (f)Hecane reacts with chlorine to form different prods by the folowing equation, where R isan alkyl chain. The reactions caa be represented RA Cl, -»R-CIsHIel Describe the stepwise mocharis by giving one equation for each step and state the essential condition ia the initiation step ie Essential condition: Propagation: Temination: 136x M24 CHEMIIPZENG/TZIXX “The element titanium is prosent in meteorites, () A meteorite was analysed using mass spectrometry (MS). The mass spectrum below ‘hows the relative ahundances ofthe diffrent tian isowpes, 805 TBI% (The first and last processes in mass spectrometry are vaperization and detection, Siate the mamas of the the onlerin which they happen and outline how each occurs (5) (this quest wl vee n continues on the follow pasea 2 MI2/4/CHEMUIPENG/TZUXX. (Question 8 continued) i) Define the term relative atomic mass (4). L Gil) Cateulate the relative atomic mass ofthis sample of titanium, giving your answer to ‘one deciemal pace Bw (Gv) Explain why 2 very low pressure is msintsined inside the mass spectrometer Wy (This question continues on the following page) iyr (Question 8 continsed (b) The successive ionization energies of ita 0000 30000 20000 10000 (State the full electroncorfiguraton: from which the electron i removed (i) Explain why thoro aro relative ndlbetween the 10" and 11" ionization e 33 M124 CHEMUP2ENGITZIXX sium are shown below Feé7e 9DNRE ofan atomofttaium and identify the sub level Jwhen the I" ionization energy is measured. [2] large differences between the 4 and a (This question continues on te following page) 36au MI2/4/CHEMUIPENG/TZ1XN (Question 8 continued) (Gil) Predictthe three stable oxidation pumbersofitnium ionsin aqueous solution. [1] (9) One characteristic ofthe d-block (transition) elements, like titanium, is that they form coloured compounds. With relerenc tothe colour whee below explain Why 1 (ag is ern BULSe" ay is etouress wy (This question continues on the following page) ui | 36as MI2/4\CHEMUIP2ENGITZUX: (Question 8 continued) F (6) Successive ionization eneray data provides evidence for the existence of ene : in atoms. Other evidence is providedby the hydrogen emissicn spectrum. (1) _Deserite the appearance of he visible emssion spectrum or hydro i Gi) _Explainhow this spectrum isrelatedto the elecron energy levelsin abydrogenatom. [3] . 353)c Please do not write on this page Answers written on this will not be marked, 3638 3