Introduction to

World Religions
and Belief Systems
11
Quarter 1
Week 6
1Module1
Module 16
Historical Background
of Islam
Humanities and Social Studies – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 16: Historical Background of Islam
First Edition, 2020

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 HUMSS 11
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 16
Historical Background of Islam
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems 11 Self-

Learning Module on Historical Background of Islam!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems 11 Self-

Learning Module on Historical Background of Islam!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

In this module, the students are expected to:

a. Recognize the founder of Islam
b. Identify the place of origin of Islam and how it spread worldwide
c. Conclude the result of spiritual discovery of Muhammad

PRETEST

Directions: Read the following questions and circle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. What is an Arabic word which means “obedience” or “submission”?
a. Zakat c. Muslim
b. Islam d. Mecca
2. Where is the birthplace of Islam religion?
a. Arabian Peninsula c. Mecca
b. Medina d. Syria
3. What is considered as the holiest shrine of Islam?
a. Kadija c. Kaiba
b. Kauba d. Kaaba
4. Which of the following is the sacred book of Islam?
a. Torah c. Quran
b. Pitaka d. Bible
5. What is the name of the God of Islam religion?
a. Yahweh c. Elohim
b. Allah d. Shalom

RECAP

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the space provided.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____1. It is a practice of promoting A. Ecumenical Council
better understanding, and B. Capital Punishment
cooperation among different C. Eastern Orthodox
Christian denominations to achieve D. Protestantism
oneness and harmonious E. Ecumenism
relationships.
_____2. It is a sect of Christianity
which was founded by Martin
Luther.
 _____3. It is the sect which considers
itself as the true Church established
by Jesus Christ and placed into the
care of the Apostles.
______4. It refers to an act wherein a
person is punished by death for his
or her capital crime.
______5. It is considered as the
highest doctrinal authority in the
Eastern Orthodox Church.

LESSON

Historical Background of Islam

Islam began with the Arabian desert people around early seventh
century C.E. These people had developed their own set of beliefs prior to the
establishment of Islam and had been influences by other religions for a long
period of time, including Byzantine Christianity, Judaism, and
Zoroastrianism. The symbols which represent the Islamic religion are the star
and the crescent.

The crescent moon closely linked to the lunar

calendar that orders the religious life of the
Muslims (Bowker 1997)
(Photo source: https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/
2430999/crescent_crescent_moon_islam_islamicicon
_muslim_religion_star_icon)

The religion of Arabia reflected tribal beliefs in gods and goddesses who
were the protectors of individual tribes. These deities were associated with
sacred objects such as trees, stones, springs, and wells. The city of Mecca was
then a significant sacred site since this is where the Kaaba is found. The
Kaaba is a shrine that housed the idols of tribal deities.
The Arabs also believed in a supreme deity, but the supreme God was not
worshipped. There are also a number of Jewish and Christian communities
living in the Arabian Peninsula, and they often interacted with the Arab tribes
and cities through trade.
Muhammad is recognized as the founder of Islam and the Prophet of
Allah. He was born in 570 CE into the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. His parents
died when he was young and he was raised by his uncle who was an
influential tribal leader. Growing up, members of his tribe considered
Muhammad to be a generous, honest, truthful and sincere man.
As a young boy, he helped his uncle take care of the herds of sheep and
camels. When he came of age, he joined his uncle as he traded at various
places in the Arabian Peninsula. He became renowned for his honest
transactions with his business partners. He carried out his business deals
with outmost care and dignity, always keeping his word. Affluent traders
trusted his merchandizing skills and entrusted him with large amount of
money.
In his twenty, he met Khadijah, a rich widow who managing the
business left by her husband. He was first hired as a caravan manager. He
served with devotion and honesty. Later, they fell in love with each other and
married. During the course of their marriage, he did not have to work very
hard; so he had time to think about the religious aspects of humanity’s
existence. He spent much time in deep, serious meditation. He painstakingly
studied both Judaism and Christianity, however, he was not satisfied with
either of them.
He spent time praying and meditating in the cave of Mt. Hira. In those
special hours, he had visions of heaven and God. A number of times, the angel
Gabriel appeared and revealed to him the faith which he later imparted to his
followers. He was commanded to preach the revelations that to worship the
one supreme God, Allah, and there are no other gods aside from Allah.

Muhammad receiving his first revelation from

the angel Gabriel.
(Photo source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/Muhammad#/media/File:Mohammed_receiving
_revelation_from_the_angel_Gabriel.jpg)

The term ‘Islam” originated from Arabic word meaning “submit”. In other
words, Islam means to “surrender or submit oneself for obedience to God or
to “enter into a condition of peace and security with God through allegiance
and surrender to him.”
On the other hand, the word “Muslim” is the Arabic word for a person
who submits. Therefore, a Muslim is a “person who surrenders or submits
himself to obey God”. In Arabic word, “Allah” means “the one who is God.”
The family, relatives, and friends of Muhammad were his first followers.
During the initial years of Muhammad’s preaching and as he gathered the
first community of Muslims, he faced opposition and persecution form some
members of his family and from other tribes in Mecca. In 622 CE, Muhammad
and his followers migrated from Mecca to the city of Yathrib or Medina. This
journey was called the Hegira and was considered by Muslims to be the official
beginning of the Islamic calendar.
 Muhammad stayed in Medina for several years and preached among the
tribes in the city. He was able to unite the divided tribes of Medina who
converted to Islam along with other nearby communities. The communities of
Medina soon clashed with the pagan tribes of Mecca. Muslims, led by
Muhammad won several victories. In 630 CE, he led thousands of followers
into Mecca and took the city . Upon entering the city, he rededicated the
Kaaba to Allah and removed the idols from the shrine. At his death, he had
managed to unite the whole Arabian peninsula as one Islamic community.

The Battle of Uhud with a main objective which is to murder Prophet Muhammad and
to destroy Islam (Photo source: https://zaahara.com/blogs/writers-corner/the-battle-of-
uhud-the-second-important-war-in-islamic-history)

The Spread of Islam

After Muhammad death, the leadership of the Islamic community was
passed on the rightly guided caliphs, who were the first four successors of the
prophet. Their rule was considered a period of growth, expansion, and
prosperity for Islam.
*Abu Bakr – He was the first caliph. During his time, the Quran were put into
writing. (before, Quran was passed on by word of mouth.)
*Umar – second caliph – He expand Islam outside of the Arabian peninsula,
and controlled territories in the Levant and West Asia.
*Uthman – third caliph. He expanded Islam influence into Libya, Armenia,
Cyprus, and Afghanistan.

There have been struggle for leadership between two prominent Islamic
leaders:
-Ali ibn Abi Talib – Muhammad’s cousin, first male converted to Islam who
became the leader of Shia Islam.
-Muawiyyah – Uthman’s cousin, member of influencial Umayyad family, the
leader of Sunni Islam.

ACTIVITY
Activity 1, Directions: Read the following questions and encircle the letter
of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following refers to the journey that started the Muslim
calendar?
a. Jihad c. Hegira
b. Ramadan d. Kaaba
2. What is an Arabic word for “submission” or “obedience”?
a. Muslim c. Islam
b. Mosque d. Masjid
3. Who is the wife of Muhammad?
a. Khadijah c. Khadifa
b. Kalifha d. Kaibha
4. Who among the following was the first caliph who succeeded Muhammad?
a. Ali Ibn c. Uthman
b. Umar d. Abu Bakr
5.What do we call the believers of Islam?
a. Caliphs c. Muslims
b. Madrasah d. Masjid

Activity 2, Direction: Supply the missing word/s in the blanks to complete

the paragraph. Write your answer on the space provided.
Life of Muhammad
He was born to a powerful but impoverished clan, who was not to inherit
wealth. ____(1)__________, Muhammad’s father who died in Yathrib before
he was born to his mother Aminah. God willed his truth to a fixed
abode, transferring the Purified One to Aminah. She became pregnant with
one of the Light of Essence. Muhammad was sent to the country to live with
a wet nurse and he will return to his family until he was __(2)____ years old.
_______(3)____ took care of Muhammad, she is a member of the tribe Banu-
Asad and was married to a _______(4)_____. Muhammad enjoyed his childhood
roaming the countryside with Halimah’s family. Muhammad’s mother did not
survive the journey going to Yathrib, thus Muhammad became an _____(5)____
when he reached Mecca.
In his ____(6)___ , he met _____(7)________, a rich widow who managing
the business left by her husband. He was first hired as a caravan manager.
He served with devotion and honesty. Later, they fell in love with each other
and married. Khadija’s been supporting Muhammad to his religious duties.
One day, while Muhammad was praying in ___(8)_______, an angel
___(9)______ appeared to him. He was commanded to preach the revelations
that to worship the one supreme God, ___(10)_______ , and there are no other
gods aside from Allah.
 WRAP-UP

You have learned in this lesson the life of Muhammad as well as the
foundation of Islamic religion. Make your own timeline showing the life of
Muhammad and the foundation of Islam religion.

VALUING

As a person can you identify the good characteristic of Muhammad that

you would like to emulate and apply it in your daily life? Explain your answer
through a personal essay.

POST TEST

Directions: Read the following statements and identify what is being

described by them. Write your answer on the blank.
______________1. He was Uthman’s cousin who led the Sunni Muslims.

______________2. Two important symbols which represent the Islamic religion.

______________3. It is an Arabic word which means “submit”.

______________4. He is the founder of Islam and the prophet of Allah.

______________5. It is a shrine that housed the idols of tribal deities in Mecca.

 KEY TO CORRECTION

10. Allah
Gabriel 9.
Mt. Hira 8.
Khadija 7.
twenty 6.
Orphan 5.
Shepherd 4.
Halimah 3.
Six 2.
Abdullah 1.
Activity 2
4. D 5.C 3. A 2. C 1. C
Activity 1
ACTIVITY
5. A 4. B 2. D 3. C 1.E
RECAP
5.B 3. D 4. C 2. C 1.B
PRE TEST

References
Books

Ong, Jerome & Mary Dorothy, 2016, Introduction to World Religion and Belief Systems. Quezon City:
VIBAL Group, Inc. Corral Victoria &Genevie Kupang, 2016, Introduction to world Religion and Belief
Systems.Quezon City:C & E Publishing Inc.

Illustrations

“Crescent, crescent moon, islam, islamicicon, muslim, religion, star icon”, Accessed July 10, 2020,
retrieved from
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/2430999/crescent_crescent_moon_islam_islamicicon_muslim_reli
gion_star_icon

“Muhammad receiving his first revelation from the angel Gabriel” Accessed July 10, 2020, retrieved
from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad#/media/File:Mohammed_receiving_revelation_from_the_a
ngel_Gabriel.jpg
“The Battle of Uhud: The second important war in Islamic history”, Accessed July 10, 2020, retrieved
from https://zaahara.com/blogs/writers-corner/the-battle-of-uhud-the-second-important-war-in-
islamic-history