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2) -16 = b - 8
A) 24
B) -24
C) 8
D) -8
Answer: D
3) t - 7 = 18
A) -25
B) 25
C) 11
D) -11
Answer: B
1+x=3
4)
3
8
A)
3
2
B)
3
C)
D) 8
Answer: A
5) x + 1 = 8
9 9
A) 1
7
B)
8
7
C)
9
2
D) 3
Answer: C
6) x - 1 = 3
4 4
1
A)
4
B) 1
1
C)
2
2
D) 3
Answer: B
7) x + 1 = - 3
4 20
A) -1
5
B) -2
5
C) -1
6
D) - 33
80
Answer: B
8) x - 2.6 = 18.7
A) 21.3
B) 16.1
C) 15.6
D) 20.8
Answer: A
9) y - 19.5 = -6.4
A) 25.9
B) 25.4 C)
13.1
D) 12.6
Answer: C
10) x - 7.8 = 19
A) 11.2
B) 10.7
C) 26.3
D) 26.8
Answer: D
Solve the equation. Don't forget to first simplify each side of the equation, if possible.
11) 8x - 7x + 6 = 6
A) 0
B) 6
C) 12
D) -6
Answer: A
12) 10y = 5y + 4 + 4y
A) 40
B) 4
C)-40 D) -4
Answer: B
13) -2a + 2 + 3a = 12 - 29
A) 43
B) -19
C) -43
D) 19
Answer: B
15) -4x - 19 + 5x = -2
A) 21
B) 17
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running at full tilt. The woman, obviously a crackpot, had accused
Massine of stealing her idea for a ballet. Jackson caught the woman and
disarmed her.
The London stage doorkeeper is really a breed unto himself.
I love opening nights at Covent Garden, when it becomes, quite apart
from the stage, a unique social function in the display of dresses and
jewels, despite the austerity. It is always a curious mixture of private
elegance and public excitement. The excitement extends to all streets of
the district, right down to the Strand, making a strange contrast with the
cabbage stalls, stray potatoes, and the odor of vegetables lingering on
from the early market. The impeccable and always polite London police
are in control of all approaches, directing the endless stream of cars
without delay as they draw up in the famous covered way under the
portico. Ceremoniously they take care of all arriving pedestrians, and
surprisingly hold up even the most pretentious and important traffic to let
the pedestrian seat-holder through. The richly uniformed porters keep
chattering socialites from impeding traffic with a stern ritual all their
own, and announcing waiting cars in stentorian tones.... Ever in my mind
Covent Garden is associated with that sacred hour back stage before a
ballet performance, the company in training-kits, practising relentlessly.
Only those who know this hour can form any idea of the overwhelming
cost of the dancers’ brief glamorous hour before the public.
Particularizing from the general, from the very beginning, in all
contacts with the British and with Sadler’s Wells, the relations between
all concerned have been like those prevailing in a kind and
understanding family, and they remain so today.
And now at the Savoy is the best smoked salmon in the world—
Scottish salmon. When I am there, a special large tray of it is always
ready for me. It is a passion I share with Ninette de Valois, who insists it
is her favorite dish. The question I am about to ask is purely rhetorical: Is
there anything finer than smoked Scottish salmon, with either a cold, dry
champagne or Scotch whiskey?
The repertoire for the second American-Canadian tour of the Sadler’s
Wells Ballet included, in addition to The Sleeping Beauty, the four-act Le
Lac des Cygnes (Swan Lake), Façade, A Wedding Bouquet, The Rake’s
Progress and Checkmate, the following works new to America: their
own production of Giselle, Les Patineurs, Don Quixote, and Dante
Sonata.
Giselle, in the Sadler’s Wells version, with its Adam score, has
scenery and costumes by James Bailey, and was produced by Nicholas
Serguëeff, after the choreography of Coralli and Perrot.
The original Wells production was at the Old Vic, in 1934, with Alicia
Markova in the title role. The production for Covent Garden dates from
1946, with Margot Fonteyn as Giselle.
It requires no comment from me save to point out that Fonteyn is one
of the most interesting and effective interpreters of the role in my
experience, and I have seen a considerable number of Giselles.
Les Patineurs had been seen in America in a version danced by Ballet
Theatre. The Sadler’s Wells version is so much better that there is no real
basis for comparison. This version, by Frederick Ashton, dates back to
1937. It has an interesting history. It is my understanding that the original
idea was that Ninette de Valois would stage it. The story has it that, one
night at the Sadler’s Wells Theatre, Ashton, whose dressing-room
adjoined that of Constant Lambert, heard the latter working out dance
rhythms from two Meyerbeer operas, Star of the North and The Prophet.
The story goes on that Ashton was moved by the melodies and that
because “Madame” was so occupied with executive and administrative
duties, the choreographic job was given to him. Ashton states that he
composed this ballet, which is exclusively concerned with skating,
without ever having seen an ice-rink.
I find it one of the most charming ballets in the repertoire, with
something in it for everyone. In these days of so-called “ice-ballets,”
which have little or no relation to ballet, however much they may have to
do with ice, I find here an academic ballet, which is very close to
skating.
Don Quixote was seen in but a few cities. It was the most recent work,
at that time, to be shown. Choreographed by Ninette de Valois, it was a
ballet in five scenes with both its scenario and its music by Robert
Gerhard, with scenery and costumes by Edward Burra.
The story, of course, was the Cervantes tale. It was not a “dancing”
ballet, in the sense that it had no virtuoso passages. But it told its story,
nevertheless, through the medium of dance rather than by mime and
acting. My outstanding impressions of it are the splendid score, Margot
Fonteyn’s outstanding characterization of a dual role, and the shrewdly
observed Sancho Panza of the young Alexander Grant.
Dante Sonata was, in a sense, a collaborative work by Frederick
Ashton and Constant Lambert. Its date is 1940. Its scenery and costumes
are by Sophie Fedorovich. The music is the long piano sonata by Franz
Liszt, D’après une lecture de Dante, utilizing the poem by Victor Hugo.
The orchestration of the piano work by Lambert, with its use of Chinese
tam-tam and gong, is singularly effective.
At the time of its production, there was a story in general circulation
to the effect that Ashton found his inspiration for the work in the
sufferings of the Polish people at the hands of the Nazi invaders. This
appears not to have been the case. The truth of the matter seems to have
been that at about the time he was planning the work, Ashton was deeply
moved by the death of a close and dear relative. The chief influence
would, therefore, seem to be this, and thus to account for the
choreographer’s savagery against the inevitability and immutability of
death.
It is not, in any sense, a classical work, for Ashton, in order to portray
the contorted and writhing spirits, went to the “free” or “modern” dance
for appropriate movements. While, in the wide open spaces of America,
it did not fulfil the provincial audiences’ ideas of what they expected
from ballet, nevertheless it had some twenty-nine performances in the
United States and Canada.
The second American season opened at the Metropolitan Opera
House, on Sunday evening, 10th September, 1950. Again it was hot. The
full-length Le Lac des Cygnes (Swan Lake) was the opening programme.
The evening was a repetition of the previous year: capacity, cheering
houses, with special cheers for Fonteyn.
The demand for seats on the part of the New York public was even
greater than the year before, with a larger number consequently
disappointed and unable to get into the Metropolitan at all.
From the company’s point of view, aside from hard work—daily
classes, rehearsals, and eight performances a week—there was a round of
entertainment for them, the most outstanding, perhaps, being the day
they spent as the guests of J. Alden Talbot at Smoke Rise, his New
Jersey estate.
The last night’s programme at the Metropolitan season was The
Sleeping Beauty. The final night’s reception matched that of the first.
Ninette de Valois’ charming curtain speech, in which she announced
another visit on the part of the company to New York—“but not for some
time”—couldn’t keep the curtain down, and the calls continued until it
was necessary to turn up the house lights.
Following the New York engagement, Sadler’s Wells embarked on the
longest tour of its history, and the most successful tour in the history of
ballet.
The New York season extended from 10th September to 1st October.
The company appeared in the following cities: Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,
Atlanta, Birmingham, New Orleans, Houston, Los Angeles, San
Francisco, Sacramento, Denver, Lincoln, Des Moines, Omaha, Tulsa,
Dallas, Oklahoma City, Memphis, St. Louis, Bloomington, Lafayette,
Detroit, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, Winnipeg, Boston, White
Plains, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, and Quebec.
Starting on the 10th September, in New York, the tour closed in
Quebec City on 28th January, 1951.
In thirty-two cities, during a period of five months, the people of this
continent had paid more than two million and one-half dollars to see the
Sadler’s Wells Ballet. On Election Eve in London, David Webster had
asked me if I could guarantee them their expenses and a profit.
On the first tour the company covered some ten thousand miles. On
the second tour, this was extended to some twenty-one thousand.
The box-office records that were broken by the company could only
add to the burden of statistics. Suffice it to say, they were many. History
was made: the sort of history that can be made again only by the next
Sadler’s Wells tour.
Some idea of the magnitude of the transportation and railroading
problems involved in an extended tour of this sort may be gathered from
the fact that the “Sadler’s Wells Special” consisted of six Pullman
sleeping cars, six baggage cars, and two dining cars, together with a
club-bar-lounge car on long journeys.
I made it a point to be with the company at all the larger cities. I left
them at Philadelphia, and awaited their arrival in Los Angeles. Neither I
nor Los Angeles has ever seen anything like the opening night of their
engagement at the enormous Shrine Auditorium, or like the entire
engagement, as a matter of fact.
Because of a company rule that, on opening nights and in the case of
parties of official or semi-official greeting nature, the entire personnel of
the company and staff should attend in a body, an unfortunate situation
arose in Los Angeles. A Beverly Hills group had announced a large party
to which some of the company had been invited, without having cleared
the matter in advance. The resultant situation was such that the
advertised and publicized party was cancelled.
The sudden cancellation left the company without a party with which
to relieve the strain of the long trek to the Pacific Coast, and the tense
excitement of the first performance in the world’s film capital. As a
consequence, I arranged to give a large party to the entire company and
staff, in conjunction with Edwin Lester, the Director of the Los Angeles
Civic Light Opera Association, and the local sponsor of the engagement.
The party took place at the Ambassador Hotel, where the entire company
was housed during the engagement, with its city within a city, its palm-
shaded swimming-pool.
As master of ceremonies and guest of honor, we invited Charles
Chaplin, distinguished artist and famous Briton. Among the
distinguished guests from the film world were, among many others, Ezio
Pinza, Edward G. Robinson, Greer Garson, Barry Fitzgerald, Gene
Tierney, Cyd Charisse, Joseph Cotton, Louis Hayward.
Chaplin was a unique master of ceremonies, urbane, gentle, witty. As
judge of a ballroom dancing contest, Chaplin awarded the prize to
Herbert Hughes, non-dancer and the company’s general manager.
At the end of this phenomenal engagement, the company bade au
revoir to Los Angeles and the many friends they had made in the film
colony, and entrained for San Francisco for an engagement at that finest
of all American opera houses, the War Memorial. I have an especial
fondness for San Francisco, its atmosphere, its spirit, its people, its food.
Yet a curious fact remains: of all the larger American cities, it is coolest
in its outward reception of all forms of art. Even with Sadler’s Wells, San
Francisco followed its formal pattern. It was the more startling in
contrast with its sister city in the south. The demonstrations there were
such that they had to be cut off in order to permit the performances to
continue and thus end before the small hours; the Los Angeles audiences
seemed determined not to let the company go. By contrast, the San
Francisco audiences were perfunctorily polite in their applause. I have
never been able quite to understand it.
In the case of the Sadler’s Wells première at the War Memorial Opera
House, San Francisco, the company was enchanted with the building: a
real opera house, a good stage, a place in which to work in comfort. The
opening night audience had been attracted not only by interest in the
company, but as charity contributors to a home for unmarried mothers.
The bulk of the stalls and boxes were socially minded. They arrived late,
from dinners and parties. The Sleeping Beauty must start at the
advertised time because of its length. It cannot wait for late-comers.
There was an unconscionable confusion in the darkened opera house as
the audience rattled down the aisles, chattering, greeting friends, and
shattering the spell of the Prologue, disturbing those who had taken the
trouble to arrive on time as much as they did the artists on the stage. My
concern on this point is as much for the audience as for the dancers. A
ballet, being a work of art, is conceived as an entity, from beginning to
end, from the first notes of the overture, till the last one of the coda. The
whole is the sum of its parts. The noisy and inconsiderate late-comers, by
destroying parts, greatly damage the whole.
The War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco, although a
municipal property, has a divided executive in that its physical control is
in the hands of the local chapter of the American Legion, which make
the rules and regulations for its operation. I do not know of any theatre
with more locked doors, more red tape and more annoying, hampering
regulations.
There is, to be sure, a certain positive virtue in the rule that forbids
any unauthorized person to be permitted to pass from the auditorium to
the stage by ways of the pass-door between the two. But, like any rule, it
must be administered with discretion. The keeper of the pass-door at the
War Memorial Opera House is a gentleman known as the “Colonel,” to
whom, I feel, “orders is orders,” without the leavening of either
discretion or plain “horse sense.”
On the opening night of Sadler’s Wells, a list of names of the persons
authorized to pass had been given to this functionary by checking the
names on the theatre programme. When Dame Ninette de Valois, D.B.E.,
D. Litt., Director of the Sadler’s Wells Ballet, attempted to go back stage
after the first act of The Sleeping Beauty, she was stopped at the pass-
door by the guardian “Colonel.”
Very simply she told him, “I am Ninette de Valois.”
That meant nothing to the “Colonel.”
“Madame’s” name, he pointed out, was not checked off. It was not
even printed on the “official” staff. In another part of the programme,
there it was in small type. But the “Colonel” was adamant. Horatio at the
bridge could not have been more formidable. He was a composite of St.
Peter at the gate and St. Michael with his flaming sword.
While all this was going on, I was in the imposing, marble-sheathed
front lobby of the Opera House, in conversation with critics and San
Francisco friends, sharing their enthusiasm, when I suddenly felt my coat
tails being sharply pulled. The first tug I was sure was some mistake, and
I pretended not to notice it. Then my coat tails were tugged at again,
unmistakably yanked.
“What is it?” I thought. “Who is it?”
I turned quickly, and found a tense, white-faced “Madame” looking at
me, as she might transfix either a dancer who had fallen on his face, or a
Cabinet Minister with whom she had taken issue.
“What’s wrong?” I asked.
“The man,” she said, pointing in the direction of the pass-door,
“wouldn’t let me through.” Crisply she added, “He didn’t know who I
was. This is disgraceful, absolutely disgraceful. Unforgivable, I must
say.”
She turned quickly on her heel and disappeared.
I was greatly upset, and immediately took steps to have the oversight
corrected. I was miserable.
I sent for “Bertie” Hughes, the able general manager of the Sadler’s
Wells Ballet company, told him what had happened, explained how
distressed I was over the stupid incident.
Hughes smiled his quiet smile.
“Come on, have a drink and forget it,” he said. “ ‘Madame’ will have
forgotten all about it within five minutes of watching the performance.”
As we sipped our drink, I was filled with mortification that
“Madame,” of all people, should have run afoul of a too literal interpreter
of the regulations.
“Look here,” said Hughes, “cheer up, don’t be disturbed.”
But the evening had been spoiled for me.
A really splendid party followed, given by H. M. Consul General in
honor of the company, at San Francisco’s Bohemian Club. The
Bohemian Club is one of San Francisco’s genuine landmarks, a famous
organization of artists, writers, professional and business men, whose
“High Jinks” and “Low Jinks” in midsummer are among the cultural
highlights of the area.
Dispirited, I went only from a sense of duty. It turned out to be one of
the fine parties of the entire tour; but I was fatigued, distraught, and the
de Valois contretemps still oppressed me. I helped myself to some food,
and hid away in a corner. I was, to put it bluntly, in a vile mood.
Again I felt my coat tails being tugged. “Who is it this time?” I
thought. It was not my favorite manner of being greeted, I decided, there
and then.
Cautiously I turned. Again it was “Madame.”
“What’s the trouble?” she asked, now all solicitude. “Why are you
hiding in a corner? You don’t look well. Shouldn’t you see a doctor?”
“I don’t need a doctor.”
“Surely, something is wrong with you. You look pale, and it’s not the
very least bit like you to be off sulking in a corner. What’s the trouble?”
“The insult to you,” I said.
I remembered what Hughes had said, when “Madame” replied:
“Insult? Insult?... What insult? Did you insult me?... What on earth are
you talking about?”
There was no point, I felt, in reminding her of the incident.
“When you want to speak to me,” I said, “must you pull my coat off
my back?”
“The next time I shall do it harder,” she said with her very individual
little laugh. “Don’t you think we have been here long enough?... Come
along now, take us home.”
This is Ninette de Valois.
* * *
Following the San Francisco engagement, the company turned east to
the Rocky Mountain area, the South and Middle West, to arrive in
Chicago for Christmas.
The Chicago engagement was but a repetition of every city where the
company appeared: sold-out houses, almost incredible enthusiasm. The
Sleeping Beauty was the opening programme. Because of the magnitude
of the production, it was impossible to present it except in New York,
Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, and Boston. Both public and press
were loud in their praises of the company, the production, the music.
Another delightful piece of hospitality was the party given at the
Racquet Club in Chicago, following the first performance by Ruth Page,
the well-known American dancer and choreographer, and her husband,
Thomas Hart Fisher. Not only was there a wonderful champagne supper
in the Club’s Refectory, at which the members of the company were the
first to be served; but this was followed by a cabaret, the climax of which
came when Margot, in a striking Dior gown of green, stepped down to
essay the intricate steps of a new and unknown (to her) South American
ball-room rhythm. She had never before seen or heard of the dance, but it
was a joy to watch the musicality she brought to it.
It is not my custom to visit artists in the theatre before a performance,
unless there has been some complaint, some annoyance, some trouble of
some sort, something to straighten out. However, on this opening night
in Chicago, I happened to be back stage in the Opera House on some
errand. Since I was so close, I felt I wanted to wish the artists good-luck
for their first Chicago performance, and, passing, knocked at Margot’s
dressing-room door.
No reply.
I waited.
I knocked again.
No answer.
Puzzled, I walked away to return ten minutes later.
I knocked again.
Again no answer.
Worried, I opened the door.
“Don’t you hear me, Margot?” I asked.
Without glancing up, there came two words, no more. Two words,
bitten off, crisp and sharp:
“G-e-t O—u—t!”
It was utterly unlike her. What had happened? I could not imagine.
We had dined together the night before, together with “Freddy” Ashton,
“Bobby” Helpmann and Moira Shearer. It had been a gay dinner, jolly.
Margot had been her witty, amusing self. She had, I knew, been eagerly
awaiting a letter from Paris, a letter from a particular friend. Perhaps it
had not come. Perhaps it had. Whatever it was, I reasoned, at least it was
not my fault. I was not to blame.
We met after the performance at the party. I was puzzled.
“Are you angry at me?” I asked her.
“I?” She smiled an uncomprehending smile. “Why on earth should I
be angry at you?”
“You didn’t answer when I knocked at your door several times, and
then, when I spoke, you told me, in no uncertain fashion, to get out.”
“Don’t you know that, before a performance, I won’t talk to anyone?”
she said sternly.
Then she kissed me.
“Don’t take me too seriously,” she smiled, patting me on the shoulder,
“but, remember, I don’t want to see anyone before I go on.”
MARGOT FONTEYN
Sadler’s Wells Ballet: Act I. The Sleeping Beauty—The Princess falls beneath the spell of
Carabosse
Baron
Agnes de Mille
John Lanchbery, Conductor, Sadler’s Wells Theatre Ballet
Denis de Marney
John Hollingsworth, Conductor, Sadler’s Wells Ballet
Maurice Seymour
Robert Irving, Musical Director, Sadler’s Wells Ballet
Baron
The Sadler’s Wells production of The Sleeping Beauty: Puss-
in-Boots
Robert Helpmann as the Rake in The Rake’s Progress
Baron
Sadler’s Wells Ballet: Rowena Jackson as Odile in Le Lac
des Cygnes
Derek Allen