Ainun Najmah Alhadid

2206824193

Approaches to Word Meaning Exercise

1. Exercise 1

 Music: A general term which cover all forms of vocal or instrumental sounds
(or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and
expression of emotion (Oxford Languages).
 Classical music: music that is considered to be part of a long, formal tradition and to
have lasting value (Cambridge English Dictionary).
 Rock music: music that has a strong beat produced by instruments such as electric
guitar, electric bass, electric organ or electric piano (Britannica).
 Country music: a form of popular music originating in the rural southern US. It is
traditionally a mixture of ballads and dance tunes played characteristically on fiddle,
guitar, steel guitar, drums, and keyboard (Oxford Languages).
 Pop music: commercial popular music, in particular accessible, tuneful music of a
kind popular since the 1950s and sometimes contrasted with rock, soul, or other
forms of popular music (Oxford Languages).
 Jazz: a musical form which was developed by African Americans and influenced
by both European harmonic structure and African rhythms, influenced partially
from ragtime and blues and is often characterized by syncopated rhythms,
polyphonic ensemble playing, varying degrees of improvisation, often deliberate
deviations of pitch, and the use of original timbres (Britannica).
 Blues: secular folk music created by African Americans in the early 20th
century, originally in the South which is mostly lyrical rather than narrative;
blues singers are expressing feelings rather than telling stories. The emotion
expressed is generally one of sadness or melancholy, often due to problems
of love but also oppression and hard times (Britannica).
 Ballad: a song or poem that tells a story, or (in popular music) a slow love
song (Cambridge English Dictionary).

2. Exercise 2
Ainun Najmah Alhadid
2206824193

a) Coffee:

 Supplementary Components: A beverage (shared with tea and lemonade),

can be served cold or hot (shared with tea and lemonade), is made from a
part of a plant (shared with tea and lemonade), contains caffeine (shared
with tea).
 Diagnostic Components: is made from the fruits of a coffee plant (distinguishing
from tea and lemonade), is processed by grinding the parts of plant it originates
from (distinguishing from lemonade), contains caffeine (distinguishing from
lemonade), is bitter when served without additional ingredients (distinguishing
from tea and lemonade).

b) Tea

 Supplementary Components: A beverage (shared with coffee and

lemonade), can be served cold or hot (shared with coffee and lemonade), is
made from a part of a plant (shared with coffee and lemonade), contains
caffeine (shared with tea).
 Diagnostic Components: is made from the leaves of a tea plant (distinguishing
from coffee and lemonade), is processed by grinding the parts of plant it
originates from (distinguishing from lemonade), contains caffein (distinguishing
from lemonade), is bland when served without additional ingredients
(distinguishing from coffee and lemonade).

c) Lemonade

• Supplementary Components: A beverage (shared with coffee and tea), can

be served cold or hot (shared with coffee and tea), is made from a part of a
plant (shared with coffee and tea).
• Diagnostic Components: is made from the from a lemon tree (distinguishing from
coffee and tea), is processed by squeezing the parts of plant it originates from
(distinguishing from coffee and tea), is sour when served without additional
ingredients (distinguishing from coffee and tea).
Ainun Najmah Alhadid
2206824193

3. Exercise
3

a) If something is tall, then it is not short

b) If something is light, then it is not heavy.
c) If something is doomed, then it is not safe.
d) Alisa can feel sadness or sorrow.
e) Not reading a book is such a pity or shame.
f) Mercury in room temperature is liquid if it’s not solid.
g) Pollution is threatening if it is not soothing.
h) Maria will eat rice if and only if it is white rice.
i) Sean will sit on a chair if and only if it is a rocking chair.

4. Exercise 4

 Frames
- IS-A attribute

Animal-frame
A snail is a mollusc mollusc-frame

- HAS attribute, as in:

Body-frame

A snail has a
body and a shell

Shell-frame
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 Script: (Looking at a snail)

- Frame Elements:

a) I: The person who is looking at the snail.

b) Location: The place where the snail is being looked at by I, which could
be a forest, roadside, park, etc.
c) Object of observation: The snail’s body and shell.

- Scenes:

a) Being curious: wanting to know more about snails.

b) Going out: exiting the house and venture.
c) Looking: searching for a snail to look at.
d) Finding: choosing a particular snail to look at.
e) Observing: Looking carefully at the snail’s body and shell.
f) Satisfaction: finally being able to figure out that a snail has a body and
a shell.
g) Going home: stop looking at the snail and going back inside the house.
Ainun Najmah Alhadid
2206824193