The Next-generation INS/GNSS

Post-processing Software

Quality: Green -> centimetric position; Blue -> decimetric < 30cms; Red -> Raw GNSS data

SURVEYING UNDER BRIDGES Å GNSS Altitude (m) - Merged Å Altitude (m) - Merged

MADE EASY
This survey has been done with an APOGEE
INS under very challenging conditions for the
GNSS receiver (red dots).
The boat is crossing multiple times three
large bridges including one made of steel.
With Qinertia and its unique 100% in-house
GNSS/INS tightly coupled forward / backward
processing, data collected under the bridges
Altitude – Left GNSS only, Right: Post-processed
are fully exploitable (blue / green trajectory).

The Fastest PPK Software
Log duration: 2h15
Processing Time: < 2 mins
Long GNSS Outages Handling Easy & Powerful Exporter
Example: up to 80 seconds outages and Easy export to third party
multi-path effects software (SBET/ ASCII)
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Max error < 30 cms

Many thanks to Hydro Systems Development (HSD Japan) for their kind collaboration.

Full data available upon request at marketing@sbg-systems.com

www.sbg-systems.com
www.sea-technology.com September 2019 | ST 3
T OTAL O CEAN M ARKET C OVERAGE
J A N U A RY 2019
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4 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com
CONTENTS SEPTEMBER 2019
Volume 60, No. 9
A Teledyne Marine Product

Storms Don’t
Scare Us!
FEATURES

10 INTERNATIONAL SUBMARINE RACES

—Event Review

15 CROWD-SOURCED BATHYMETRY

David Millar and Dr. Kelley Brumley (Fugro) discuss how industry can support global
seabed mapping and ocean science initiatives. Persistent Surveillance
in Any Weather
19 IN-SITU AQUACULTURE MONITORING
Sam Kirby (Chelsea Technologies Ltd.) explains how fluorometers can help seafood farms • Thickness of warm surface layer
stay ahead of algae and bacteria blooms.
• Ocean mixing
• Timing and extent of surface
22 HADAL MANNED SUBMERSIBLE

Dr. Alan J. Jamieson (Newcastle University), John Ramsey and Patrick Lahey cooling
(Triton Submarines) introduce the Five Deeps Expedition to explore the deepest
point in every ocean. • Real time water column data

25 OFFSHORE ENERGY

—Conference Preview
APEX EM
Profiling Float

DEPARTMENTS
Before
7 Editorial 36 Environmental Monitoring
During
9 Soundings 38 Meetings After
28 Capital Report 39 Contracts The Storm
30 International 40 Professional Services Directory

32 Ocean Business 41 Soapbox

34 Product Development 42 Advertiser Index

Slocum G3 Glider

COVER IMAGE
The team from École de Technologie Supérieure checks their sub, Omer 11, for seaworthiness
before submerging for their race at the International Submarine Races in June. See story in this Hurricane Intensity Prediction
issue. (Credit: U.S. Navy)
Storm Surge Forecasting
NEXT MONTH
In-situ observation system for gelatinous zooplankton … High-precision temperature readings for
deep-sea sampling equipment … Coastal monitoring system … Remote observation of phytoplank-
Tropical Cyclones
ton bloom in Black Sea … Conference preview: International Water Conference.
Winter Storms

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6 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com

 SEA TECHNOLOGY
I NCLUDING U NDER S EA TECHNOLOGY
®
editorial
The Industry’s Recognized Authority
for Design, Engineering and Dr. David B. Diamond, Deputy Associate Director, USGS
Application of Equipment
and Services in the
Global Ocean Community
Charles H. Bussmann
Comprehensive Approach to
Founder and Publisher 1924-1999

publisher C. Amos Bussmann

Marine Minerals Research
managing editor Aileen Torres-Bennett
production manager
assistant design/
Russell S. Conward
Joshua Ortega
H igh-technology applications—from computers to electric vehicles to
fighter jets—rely on an expanding variety of minerals. Moreover, the U.S.
relies on other countries completely for more than 20 minerals vital to our
website manager
advertising Susan M. Ingle Owen economy and security. A December 2017 Executive Order called on federal
service manager agencies to develop a strategy to reduce the nation’s susceptibility to critical
mineral supply disruptions. In May of 2018, the Department of the Interior
ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES: took the first step in the strategy, releasing a list of 35 minerals deemed critical
HEADQUARTERS to the U.S. economy and security, based on a methodology by the National
C. Amos Bussmann
4600 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 304
Science and Technology Council and using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Arlington, VA 22203-1553 and Energy Information Administration data. This list in turn was incorporat-
Tel: (703) 524-3136 • FAX: (703) 841-0852 ed into “A Federal Strategy to Ensure a Reliable Supply of Critical Minerals,”
seatechads@sea-technology.com
released in June 2019. An important part of that strategy is identifying new
NORTH AMERICA, EAST COAST critical mineral resources, and many of the critical minerals on the list are
Ray Mahr, Jr. present in concentrations of interest in marine mineral deposits.
KRK Consultants Ltd.
The USGS has studied seafloor resources in the U.S. Exclusive Economic
17476 Slipper Shell Way, Ste. 6
Lewes, DE 19958 Zone (EEZ) and globally since the 1970s to understand both how and where
Tel: (302) 569-0019 (M) mineral-rich deposits form in the ocean and the potential environmental im-
rmahrjr@gmail.com pacts of seafloor mining. Seafloor ferromanganese crusts adsorb metals and
NORTH AMERICA, WEST COAST other elements from seawater and are especially enriched in manganese, co-
John Sabo balt, nickel, copper, rare earth elements, rare metals such as tellurium, and
Barbara Sabo precious metals such as platinum. In 2017, USGS scientists published a land-
Gregory Sabo
John Sabo Associates
mark study on seafloor crusts in the Arctic, finding that these formations are
447 Herondo St. #305 particularly enriched with the critical mineral scandium. Polymetallic manga-
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254 nese nodules sit atop sediment covering the vast abyssal plains of the global
Tel: (310) 374-2301
bsabo@jsaboassoc.com
ocean and are attractive for mining in that they can be mined directly from the
ocean floor and are composed almost entirely of valuable minerals, includ-
EUROPE ing nickel, copper, cobalt, manganese and lithium. Seafloor massive sulfides
John Gold
John F. Gold & Associates
form at hydrothermal vents where hot water from beneath the ocean floor
“Highview” mixes with cold seawater, forming copper-, zinc-, gold- and silver-rich sul-
18a Aultone Way fide mineral deposits. Marine phosphorites occur along continental margins
Sutton, Surrey, SM1 3LE, England
where upwelling of cold nutrient-rich deep waters is strong, including the
Phone/FAX Nat’l: 020-8641-7717
Int’l: +44-20-8641-7717 Blake-Bahamas Plateau off the southeast U.S. They are sources of phosphate,
johnfgold@gmail.com phosphoric acid and heavy rare earth elements.
These marine mineral deposit types occur in complex and sensitive sea-
floor ecosystems that must be considered in any mining operation. Environ-
mental impacts for different types of extractions might include sediment, ox-
ide or sulfide mineral plumes; removal of substrate and abyssal fauna; and
local metal release or acidification. USGS collaborates with academia, indus-
Sea Technology back issues available on microform.
try and scientists from other government agencies to consider how impactful
Contact: NA Publishing, Inc. these issues may be and, if necessary, how to address them. For example,
P.O. Box 998, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-0998
1-800-420-6272
USGS, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and NOAA have discussed
partnering on a potential study using an ROV to explore the Escanaba Trough,
COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC. off Northern California, one of the few known massive sulfide systems in the
4600 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 304 US EEZ. In addition to determining the extent and mineral content of the de-
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posit, the proposed study would also help characterize the local ecosystem,
FAX: (703) 841-0852 including microbes and megafauna inhabiting the trough, as well as interac-
oceanbiz@sea-technology.com tions among life, the metal sulfide minerals, and the hydrothermal and oce-
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anic environments.
publishers of: The potential findings of this, and similar studies, can help the federal
Sea Technology
Commercial Fisheries News government understand its ocean-minerals wealth; help industry determine
Fish Farming News which regions and deposits might be worth exploring; and help stakeholders
Commercial Marine Directory understand the effects of mining on the marine environment. By applying
Fish Farmers Phone Book/Directory
Sea Technology Buyers Guide/Directory
USGS technical expertise and resources through cooperative planning and
Sea Tech e-News execution with other federal agency and academic partners, we ensure that
our research responds to the application needs of our partners and maximizes
Celebrating more than 56 years the value resulting from complex and expensive marine field programs. ST
of serving the global ocean community
- Since 1963 - www.sea-technology.com September 2019 | ST 7
EMPOWERING

WORLD LEADER IN UNDERWATER e-ROBOTIC SYSTEMS

THE FUTURE IS ELECTRIC

8 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com
 soundings
)) International Assessment of Ocean Energy Jobs. For decision makers, the assessment of the number of jobs related
to the development of the ocean energy sector is of utmost importance. Various roadmaps have advanced figures
for the 2025, 2030 and even 2050 horizons, but these roadmaps have become outdated as numerous ocean energy
technologies have been designed, tested and implemented in pilot farms. A new project will update the assessment
of the total number of existing jobs directly related to the sector and validate an approach to assess jobs creation to
update projections for the 2030/2050 horizons. This project, commissioned by Ocean Energy Systems (OES), will
run for one year and will be conducted by a consortium comprising LOC Renewables (including Innosea), France
Energies Marines and the Fraser of Allander Institute from the University of Strathclyde. The consortium will engage
with all OES country members and representatives from the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission and
the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The study is intended to help motivate governments, corporations
and agencies to further support the ocean energy sector.

)) Ambitious Targets to Cut UK Shipping Emissions. All new ships for U.K. waters ordered from 2025 should be
designed with zero-emission-capable technologies as part of ambitious plans set out by the U.K. government to cut
pollution from the country’s maritime sector. The commitment is set out in the Clean Maritime Plan. The government
is also looking at ways to incentivize the transition to zero-emission shipping and will consult on this next year.
The plan includes a £1 million competition to find innovative ways to reduce maritime emissions and is published
alongside a call for evidence to reduce emissions on U.K. waterways and domestic vessels. The Clean Maritime Plan
is part of the government’s Clean Air Strategy, which aims to cut down air pollution across all sectors. It will help
deliver the U.K.’s commitment to be net zero on greenhouse gases by 2050. The Clean Maritime Plan is part of the
government’s Maritime 2050 long-term strategy to keep the U.K. a world leader in the maritime sector.

)) Winning Bid Chosen for New York Offshore Wind. Equinor’s Empire Wind has won New York state’s first large-
scale competitive offshore wind solicitation. The 816-MW offshore wind project will bring renewable energy to New
York consumers, contribute to the state’s ambitious renewable energy development goals, and provide significant
economic benefits to New York. New York has a goal of 9,000 MW of offshore wind by 2035. The project is expect-
ed to be developed with 60 to 80 wind turbines, with an installed capacity of more than 10 MW each. The project
will be able to power more than 500,000 homes in New York, with an expected start up in late 2024. It should
create approximately 800 local jobs during construction and operation, including through the creation of locally
manufactured turbine foundations in New York’s Capital Region. More broadly, Equinor is committed to developing
the nation’s first offshore wind supply chain to support the construction, installation and operation of offshore wind
projects.

)) Career Support for Young Professionals. The National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) has started a Young
Professionals Group (YPG) to bring together industry personnel under the age of 40 from diverse backgrounds in
marine electronics. The new group’s goal is to attract, retain and promote diversity in the next generation of NMEA
leaders and help ensure their success. NMEA membership is not required to be part of the YPG. The YPG will offer
both online and offline environments to facilitate networking. Industry veterans will serve as mentors.

)) NOAA Reports Sustainable Fish Stocks. NOAA has released the Status of U.S. Fisheries Annual Report to Con-
gress, which details the status of 479 federally managed stocks or stock complexes in the U.S. to identify which
stocks are subject to overfishing, are overfished or are rebuilt to sustainable levels. Building upon the trend of the
past few years, the report notes that the vast majority of U.S. fish stocks were at sustainable population levels in
2018, and the number of U.S. fish stocks subject to overfishing remains at a near-all-time low. The total number of
rebuilt U.S. marine fish stocks amounts to 45 since the year 2000.

)) 3D Modeling of US WWII Sub’s Wreckage. Aberdeen-based Viewport3 has been collaborating with international
explorer Tim Taylor to process pioneering underwater 3D scans on the bow and stern of a U.S. submarine lost in
1942. Viewport3 was contracted by Taylor, CEO of New-York based Tiburon Subsea Services and founder of Ocean
Outreach Inc., as part of his ongoing Lost 52 Project responsible for discovery and mapping of four out of eight of
the U.S. WWII submarines located to date. The Lost 52 Project thoroughly mapped and filmed the site of the USS
Grunion at the end of last year. The team located the missing bow section a quarter of a mile away, 300 ft. above
the main wreckage, off the island of Kiska, Alaska. The discovery completes the mission undertaken by the sons of
the submarine’s captain, Mannert L. Abele, 12 years ago. Viewport3 fused 3D data with side scan sonar to show the
relative locations of both parts of the wreck and the slide made by the stern as it slid down the side of an underwater
mountain. Viewport3 has been working with Taylor to process and develop technical-grade 3D data sets of the USS
Grunion’s bow for use in virtual- and augmented-reality outreach, educational programs and applications. ST

www.sea-technology.com September 2019 | ST 9

 ST Event Review

International Submarine Races

By Charles D. Behrle

T wenty-one human powered submarines and

(Credit: U.S. Navy, Edvin Hernandez)

more than 400 team members gathered on
June 23, 2019 for the 15th International Subma-
rine Races (ISR 15). It was the beginning of a
great race week at the David Taylor Model Ba-
sin at Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock
Division, in West Bethesda, Maryland. As the
teams staked out their operations base for race
week at the east end of the basin, you could feel
the excitement grow as the participants walked
among the boats and silently measured what the
competition would bring this year.
Some participants arrived with the goal of
setting new speed records; others arrived with The University of Washington
a more modest goal of completing a successful team makes boat modifica-
run down the 100-m course. Still others arrived tions in hopes of improving
to develop and renew friendships and sustain performance on their boat,
a comradery among like minds. At the conclu- the Underdawg.
sion of the races, all would be part of a growing
group who count themselves as ISR veterans. share successes and failures. As race week progresses,
Sponsored by the Foundation for Underwater Re- teams band together to ensure all participants get the op-
search and Education (FURE), the goal of ISR is to pro- portunity to succeed by getting their boat in the water.
vide students a premier capstone science, technical,
engineering and math (STEM) event that combines the History
student’s learning in the classroom, lessons from labo- This year’s event marked 30 years of racing hu-
ratory experiments and small-scale testing results to de- man-powered submarines. It was a milestone not lost
sign, build, test and operate a submerged human-pow- upon participants and support volunteers. Many won-
ered submarine that must traverse a 100-m course. dered if the original race enthusiasts from Florida Atlantic
Race week quickly reveals that real life happens: University’s Department of Ocean Engineering and the
things break, the design doesn’t deliver what it was sup- H.A. Perry Foundation ever thought their dream and cre-
posed to, or the technology they were depending on ation would survive 30 years. Not only has it survived—it
overpromised and underdelivered. These circumstances has thrived.
provide an opportunity for team members to think in ISR history reveals that there are three important fac-
the “now,” seeking solutions that will not be found in tors for a successful race experience and, more impor-
a textbook. They seek out other racers to discuss their tantly, a successful life experience at the race. The first
challenges, and the solution to the problem becomes a factor is the students themselves, who join a team for
learning experience for all, regardless of team boundar- a variety of reasons but rarely know what they are get-
ies. Racers help racers—whether it be with knowledge, ting themselves into. Teamwork, excellence, exploring
experience or parts. Everyone is more than willing to the unknown and thinking “outside the box” are all hall-

10 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com

 (Top) An overview of the race course, with Southampton University’s boat, Tempest,
moving toward the starting line. (Bottom left) University of Washington team divers
place the hatch on the Underdawg as they approach the starting line. (Bottom right)
The Florida Atlantic University pilot is loaded into the submarine Atlantic II in prepara-
tion for a start. A team support diver is ready to place the cover hatch on the submarine
after the pilot is loaded.
(Credit: U.S. Navy, Kevin A. Meier)
marks of successful team members. Verena Oettzmann,
a previous team lead from the University of Warwick,
summed up her ISR experience in this way: “In addition
to all the challenges that we women in engineering face,
being the female leader of an otherwise all-male team
was a demanding but very rewarding role. The lessons I
have learnt throughout my time, coupled with the many
skills procured along the way, have been invaluable as
preparation for working life after university. Despite be-
ing the most difficult venture that I have undertaken at
university, it is certainly among the most enjoyable, re-
warding and memorable experiences I have ever had.”
The second factor of a successful race experience is
that strong support groups offer assistance when nec-
essary. These support groups may consist of educators,
parents, industry members, team advisors or fellow stu-
dents. Paola Carts, a team adviser with the Kids Into Dis-
covering Science (KIDS) team, explained why she con-
tinues to support ISR participation: “ISR offers a unique
opportunity for our youth to be creative, solve problems,
learn about manufacturing methods and materials, work
over an extended time line, push the envelope of what
they can do, all while having fun and building friend-
ships. The skills they develop through designing, building
and racing a human-powered submarine will last them
www.sea-technology.com
(Credit: U.S. Navy, James Contreras)
(Credit: U.S. Navy, Kevin A. Meier)
a lifetime. I am inspired to participate in ISR over and
over again because of the joy of discovery that our youth
experience so often during their involvement in the pro-
gram. As a retired design engineer, I know, too, that the
hands-on experience they get through the program will
be an invaluable asset to them should they pursue ca-
reers in science or engineering.”
Another example of strong support comes from Dr.
Ian Tursely of the University of Warwick. Tursely has
served as the Godiva Team Academic Project Director
since 2013. He is a strong advocate of the races and has
made several presentations, including presentations to
the United Kingdom’s Higher Education Academy, re-
garding the value of the ISR experience.
“It is clear that our students who are fortunate enough
to be involved in the ISR competition enjoy the experi-
ence immensely and value the additional benefits that
this unique opportunity provides them,” he said. “How-
September 2019 | ST 11
 (Top) Submarines line up in the basin as they
prepare to race and await further direction from
the race starter. (Bottom) The team from Freder-
ick County Career and Technology Center gives
the “okay” signal, indicating that their pilot is
loaded and their boat CLS Mako is ready to race.
(Credit: U.S. Navy, James Contreras)

ever, from the point of view of an educa-

tor, in addition to the excellent experience,
there is tangible empirical evidence that the
necessary enforcement of real-world dead-
lines and constraints focuses their work and
personal development on areas that more
traditional college learning is not easily able
(Credit: U.S. Navy, Julie Yankaskas)

to deliver. Yet these are exactly the skills and

behaviors that are most highly valued by po-
tential employers.”
The third factor for race success is FURE
volunteers who provide structure and man-
age race operations. While safety is always
the top concern, this group of volunteers is a
very experienced group, with many of them
having more than 10 races of experience. When asked teams from 15 universities, four high schools and one
why he continues to support these races after 26 years, independent group.
Jim Corry, race starter, responded that he attended his Participating universities included: the Polytechnique
first ISR “in 1993 out of curiosity. I came to realize the Montréal from Montreal, Canada, with Archemede VIII;
significant impact this event and its preparation have on Florida Atlantic University with Atlantic II; University of
the futures of the contestants. I cannot fathom not sup- Michigan with Bluefin; University of Victoria from British
porting such an influential event that has been a pivotal Columbia, Canada, with Chinook II; University of Water-
and life-changing experience for so many young individ- loo from Ontario, Canada, with Claire; Gulf Coast State
uals’ futures.” College from Panama City, Florida, with Commodore;
University of Warwick from Coventry, U.K., with Godiva
ISR 15 Teams III Mod I; École de Technologie Supérieure from Montre-
These three factors—outstanding participants, strong al, Canada, with Omer 11; Virginia Polytechnic Institute
support groups and an organized and ready group of and State University with Phantom 8 and Trident; Uni-
FURE volunteers—combined for a successful race week versity of California San Diego with Santiana; Univer-
at ISR 15. A strong field of participants represented 20 sity of British Columbia from Vancouver, Canada, with
teams with 21 boats from around the world and across Skookumchuck MK V; University of Southampton from
the academic spectrum. Canada, Netherlands, the Unit- Hampshire, U.K., with Tempest; Texas A&M University
ed Kingdom and the United States were represented by with the 12th Manatee; University of Washington with

12 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com

 the Underdawg; and Delft University of Technology from
Delft, Netherlands, with Wasub IX.
High-school teams included Frederick County Career
and Technology Center from Frederick, Maryland, with
CLS Mako; Dover Area High School of Dover, Pennsyl-
vania, with Cormorant; Son of Trigonus, sponsored by the
Gulf Coast State College; and Sussex County Technical
School from Sparta, New Jersey, with Umptysquatch 9.
One independent team also participated: Kids Into
Discovering Science (KIDS) from Accokeek, Maryland,
with Maryland Mako.
The race was again hosted by Naval Surface Warfare
Center, Carderock Division, the U.S. Office of Naval
Research, and Program Executive Officer (PEO), Sub-
marines. The race and teams enjoyed visits from senior
Navy officials, including RAdm. Lorin Selby, Deputy
Commander for Ship Design, Integration and Engineer-
ing; RAdm. Eric Ver Hage, Commander, NAVSEA War-
fare Centers; and Michael McClatchy, a member of the
Senior Executive Service and the Executive Director of
Undersea Integration, PEO Submarines. Also visiting the
race was Lieutenant Governor of Maryland Boyd Ruther-
ford, who spoke with many students about their accom-
plishments and future plans.
Industry and professional organizations provided sig-
nificant financial support to the races. Platinum-level
sponsors included Booz Allen Hamilton and Poseidon
International. Silver-level sponsors included American
Systems, Gryphon Technologies and the Naval Subma-
Making Hydrographers’ Tasks Easier
Navsight Marine Solution
State-of-the-art Motion
& Navigation Solution
www.sbg-systems.com
www.sea-technology.com
rine League. Bronze-level sponsors included AECOM,
Behrle & Associates, BMT Designers & Planners Inc.,
DeepSea Power & Light, ELS Inc., Noise Control Engi-
neering, NTIVA, Patrona Corp. and Thor Solutions LLC.
Awards
The very competitive week concluded with an awards
ceremony on Friday afternoon. The guest speaker was
RAdm. Michael Jabaley (U.S. Navy, retired), who was
a former Program Executive Officer of Submarines and
responsible for the United States Navy’s submarine new
construction portfolio. Jabaley’s message to the partici-
pants was clear: Future technological leaps need to in-
clude a breakthrough in nonpropeller propulsion—a
challenge he presented to the participants. Jabaley was
delighted with the participants’ positive “can-do” atti-
tude and is convinced that these young men and women
are our future designers and operators.
The award for Overall Performance, including a tro-
phy and $1,000 sponsored by Booz Allen Hamilton, was
determined by quantifying 17 weighted parameters to
determine the figure of merit (FOM) for each boat. The
FOM analysis includes aspects of other awards and the
team’s attitude, persistence and resourcefulness. The
winning team was Team Omer from École de Technolo-
gie Supérieure for its one-person, propeller- and nonpro-
peller-driven submarine, Omer 11.
The Overall Performance Runner-up team was recog-
nized with a plaque and a $500 award, which went to
Booth #15210
Courtesy of Cadden
Qinertia
The Next Generation INS/GNSS
Post-processing Software
September 2019 | ST 13
 “Future technological leaps need to include
a breakthrough in nonpropeller propulsion...”
the Wasub team from the Delft University of Technology
with its one-person, propeller submarine Wasub IX.
The Innovation Award was won by École de Technol-
ogie Supérieure with Omer 11, which has three modes
of propulsion: a mirage drive, conventional two-bladed
propeller and a mono-blade propeller. In addition, the
mirage drive has springs that ensured even power im-
pulses provided by the fins. The propeller-mode function-
ality also allowed for adjustable propeller pitch control
during operation.
For ISR 15, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu-
tion Center for Marine Robotics provided an award of
free attendance to two team members of the Innovation
Award winning team to attend the sixth annual Entre-
preneurs Showcase and Leadership Forum in July 2020
in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. The Center for Marine
Robotics was created to speed development of marine
robotic technologies. The goal of the center is to collab-
orate with industry, academia and government agencies
to change the way people and machines work together in
the marine environment.
The judges also recognized two additional boats
for innovation. First honorable mention went to Ump-
tysquatch 9 from Sussex County Technical School. This
high-school team designed and installed an integrated
ballast and trim system, with integral structural tanks,
pumps and vents that maintained neutral buoyancy and
trim during runs down the tank. Second honorable men-
tion for innovation went to Trident from Virginia Tech.
This team completely changed management systems, re-
sulting in a more efficient and effective design approach
and, ultimately, improved race performance. The Virginia
Tech team’s testing plans included a bollard-pull test, an
ISR first.
ISR 15 was the first time the Best Use of Technology
Award was presented, sponsored by American Systems. It
includes a plaque and $1,000 for the team in any design
category that exhibits the best and most successful use of
technology to support their vessel’s design, construction
and/or performance. The winner was Chinook II from the
University of Victoria for use of existing technology to
implement an autonomous depth-control system, as well
as use of a four-piece modular hull design that facilitated
shipping the submarine to the race. Chinook II also used
tubercles on the fin leading edges to delay flow separa-
tion and reduce the associated wing drag.
14 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com
The Absolute Speed winner was Omer 11, a one-per-
son, propeller-driven submarine from École de Technolo-
gie Supérieure, with a speed of 6.85 kt.
The Best Design Outline Report Award was won by
Delft University of Technology’s Wasub IX.
The Smooth Operator Award is awarded to a team
in recognition of their efficiency in staging for the race
course, racing the course, troubleshooting as necessary
and otherwise preparing for their next run. The winner
was Godiva III Mod I from the University of Warwick.
The Spirit of the Race Award, in memory of the late
ISR contestant Steve Barton of team Sublime, is selected
by the contestants themselves and recognizes the team
that displays the best gusto, fortitude, support for other
teams and overall best spirit. This year, vote by the teams
resulted in a tie, with École de Technologie Supérieure
Omer 11 and KIDS Maryland Makos teams both receiv-
ing the award.
The fastest speed awards are awarded for a combina-
tion of: one- or two-person boats; propeller or nonpropel-
ler boats; and independent, high-school and college-lev-
el teams. The winner of the one-person, propeller, college
category was Omer 11/École de Technologie Supérieure,
with a speed of 6.85 kt. The winner of the one-person,
propeller, high-school category was CLS Mako/Freder-
ick County Career & Technology Center, with a speed
of 3.29 kt. The one-person, propeller, independent-team
winner was Maryland Mako/KIDS, with a speed of 2.34
kt. The winner of the one-person, nonpropeller, college
category was Omer 11/École de Technologie Supérieure,
with a speed of 4.78 kt.
Conclusion
A very successful week was had by all. The contes-
tants departed satisfied and tired and, most importantly,
with a feeling of success, new knowledge and experienc-
es, new friends, positive memories and a new challenge.
Many were already discussing ISR 16.
Additional race results and photos from ISR 15 can be
found at internationalsubmarineraces.org.
The 16th ISR is scheduled for June 20 to 25, 2021 at
the David Taylor Model Basin. ST
Charles D. Behrle is the president and chairman of the Foundation for Un-
derwater Research and Education (FURE).
Crowd-Sourced Bathymetry
Fugro Supports Global Seabed Mapping, Ocean Science Initiatives
By David Millar • Dr. Kelley Brumley

T his past May, nearly 250 thought leaders, champions

and key stakeholders from the international ocean
community gathered in Copenhagen, Denmark, to par-
from ocean science and technology; ocean policy and
sustainable development; business and industry; non-
governmental organizations and civil society; as well as
ticipate in the First Global Planning Meeting of the Unit- donors and foundations. With a shared belief that sci-
ed Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable
Development. The Decade kicks off in 2021, and the aim
is to “support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in
ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide
behind a common framework that will ensure ocean sci-
ence can fully support countries in creating improved
conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean.”
Attendees in the three-day event were diverse in
culture and background. They included representatives

A look into the First Global Planning Meeting for the

United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable
Development. (Above) Fugro’s David Millar participating
in the Working Group Session on “A Healthy and Resilient
Ocean” at the meeting.

www.sea-technology.com September 2019 | ST 15

 (Above) Transit multibeam data collected by Fugro in sup-
port of Seabed 2030 with backscatter and bathymetry data
overlaying the existing low-resolution bathymetry. (Right)
The Fugro Brasilis, one of the vessels participating in Fu-
gro’s crowd-sourced bathymetry program, is a highly ad-
vanced DP1 survey vessel, suited to perform geophysical
surveys.
ence-based solutions are required to ensure the health
of the world’s oceans, their work at the meeting focused
on defining objectives, prioritizing scientific questions,
understanding complementary initiatives and increasing
program outreach.
Fugro was among the participants in a panel about
innovative funding and partnerships. The company part-
ners with The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030
project, an initiative that complements the UN Decadal
goals for the ocean.
Seabed 2030
Seabed 2030 is a collaborative project between The
Nippon Foundation and the General Bathymetric Chart
of the Oceans (GEBCO) to inspire the complete map-
ping of the world’s ocean by 2030 and to compile all
bathymetric data into the freely available GEBCO Ocean
Map. A wholly mapped ocean will inform global policy,
improve sustainable use and advance scientific research.
Currently, less than 15 percent of the world’s oceans
are mapped to modern survey standards. Knowing the
depth and shape of the seafloor is fundamental to ap-
plications such as safe navigation, disaster management,
weather prediction, habitat studies and resource devel-
opment, among many others.
With 85 percent of the ocean left unmapped, a sig-
nificant gap remains in our understanding of the ocean
and its processes, forcing decisions to be made based on
assumptions rather than science. The results can prove
16 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com
dire. The United Nations First Global Integrated Marine
Assessment reports that much of the ocean is seriously
degraded, and stressors are projected to increase as the
human population continues to grow.
The effort toward an improved global bathymetric
database began three years ago at the Forum for Future
Ocean Floor Mapping in Monaco that was jointly orga-
nized by The Nippon Foundation and GEBCO. There,
approximately 150 senior representatives, scientists and
scholars from major ocean-related and international or-
ganizations endorsed the objectives of Seabed 2030.
It’s an ambitious project that will require cross-sec-
tor collaboration worldwide. The hope is that existing
high-resolution bathymetric data, which have been col-
lected and archived by industry as well as academia,
will be donated to the project. The unsurveyed portion
of the seafloor will be mapped in part by utilizing crowd-
sourced bathymetric data.
The International Hydrographic Office defines crowd-
sourced bathymetry as: “the collection of depth mea-
surements from vessels, using standard navigation instru-
ments, while engaged in routine maritime operations.”
Every vessel with a sonar could potentially contribute
data to help reach the goal of mapping the entire seafloor
by the year 2030.
In addition to working with clients to investigate po-
tential data-sharing opportunities, Fugro has initiated its
own large-scale crowd-sourced bathymetry campaign.
Fugro’s Contribution
Fugro’s crowd-sourced bathymetry solution provides
highly automated collection of high-resolution multi-
beam echosounder data during vessel transits. The pro-
gram began in 2016 from one vessel in the Americas
region, with a goal of developing the systems and pro-
cesses needed to support remote command and control
of data acquisition, as well as remote data upload and
transfer. Once workflows were established, the program
was expanded to other survey vessels.
A key component of Fugro’s process is its Office As-
sisted Remote Services (OARS), a proprietary technology
that enables safe and efficient data acquisition without
the need for dedicated survey staff on board the survey
vessel. OARS is supported by three command centers AL 12 Auto-Launcher
strategically located around the globe, operating 24/7,
Expendable Probe Automatic Launcher
365 days a year. The technology makes it possible for
valuable data to be collected from transiting vessels with • The compact carousel can hold up to 12
probes, including various XBTs and the XCTD.
minimal effect on Fugro’s standard operating procedures. • Computer or manual control of launch timing. Launch sequences
Over the past two years, Fugro has grown its crowd- can be completely automatic or can be triggered manually from
the controller.
sourced bathymetry program to include seven multi- • Minimal crew training required. The fully automatic operation
beam-equipped vessels, contributing approximately allows expendables to be dropped from any vessel, including
500,000 sq. km of high-resolution bathymetry to Sea- “ships of opportunity’
bed 2030. The company ultimately plans to expand its
in-transit collection capability across its entire global sur-
vey fleet for even greater impact to the project.
AXCTD
Additional Benefits, Opportunities Airbone Expendable Conductivity,
Temperature and Depth Probe
While the impetus for Fugro’s Seabed 2030 contribu-
tions was to help build a publicly available global da- Aircraft Deployable • Speed: 80 - 280 knots
tabase, the work has also benefited regionally focused Altitude: 150 - 25,000 feet
programs. One such project is the Atlantic Ocean Re-
search Alliance (AORA). AORA was formed under the
2013 Galway Statement on Atlantic Ocean Cooperation
between the European Union, the United States of Amer-
ica and Canada. With a goal of improving knowledge Wave Height Meter
about the Atlantic Ocean to support a prosperous and • No instrument contact with seawater,
sustainable blue economy, AORA has identified seabed making installation, operation, and
maintenance simple and inexpensive.
mapping as a priority area of collaboration. Over the past • The microwave sensor has no moving
two-and-a-half years, Fugro’s bathymetric data contribu- parts, ensuring high reliability.
tions to Seabed 2030 in this region have totaled approxi- • Automatic hardware calculation of wave height in real time.
mately 278,000 sq. km. These data, which were provided • Measurements can be taken from moving ships over large areas of study.
to AORA’s Atlantic Seabed Mapping International Work-
ing Group, cover an area about the size of Iceland.
In many cases, the multibeam data contributed by
Fugro has included backscatter and water column data
along with the bathymetry. Modern multibeam sensors
Oceanographic Electric Winch
TS-F5
can acquire all three data types simultaneously. Togeth-
High Performance • Durable • Low Cost
er, they provide significant information for characterizing 70% power savings compared to
the seafloor and water column, all of which is of great electric/hydraulic driver type
interest to key priority areas of the UN’s Decadal ocean
goals and to ocean science in general.
Headquarters
Crowd-sourced bathymetry does not always involve 2-2-20, Tsurumi-Chuo Tsurumi-Ku,
multibeam sonars and multibeam data, however. Sin- Yokohama 230-0051, Japan
gle-beam sonars have tremendous utility and potential Phone: +81-45-521-5252 Email: trade@tsk-jp.com
when the power of the crowd is employed. One can eas-
TSK America, Inc
ily imagine what is possible when depth measurements PO Box 70648 Seattle, WA
are acquired from cruise ships, commercial shipping Phone: +1-206-257-4899 Email: tony@tsk-jp.com
vessels, fishing vessels and private yachts as they are en-
gaged in their routine maritime operations. www.tsk-jp.com

www.sea-technology.com September 2019 | ST 17


The crowd-sourced approach can also be applied
to the collection and contribution of other ocean ob-
servation data. Examples include temperature, salinity,
currents, and marine mammal and bird observations, to
name a few. In the United States, for example, NOAA has
implemented a Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) program
for contributing weather information at the volunteer’s
location. If this program were expanded and/or adapt-
ed to include other oceanographic data, crowd-sourced
ocean observation could flourish. Similar procedures
currently utilized by Fugro to remotely command and
control multibeam systems could also be used to help
coordinate a global effort of seafloor mapping and ocean
observations.
Get Involved
Understanding our oceans is essential to predictions
that will help guide our adaptation to inevitable change.
Cooperation and collaboration is key, with success de-
pendent upon participation from stakeholders, defined
as international organizations, universities, nongovern-
mental organizations, maritime industries, youth orga-
nizations and citizens. These stakeholders can work to-
gether to either consolidate existing data, share data that
are currently not in the public domain, help map areas
where no data exist, or just help get the message out that
these data are needed.
The Decade of Ocean Science will rely on an inclu-
sive and participatory stakeholder process to facilitate
global communication and shared learning across the
stakeholder communities. Gatherings of members from
all sectors will be held in 2019 and 2020 to identify pri-
ority areas for the Decade, and to define the ocean sci-
ence needed to achieve sustainable development goals.
This series of meetings will also include an official Stake-
18 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com
A Fugro OARS Data Center, which enables safe and efficient
data acquisition without the need for dedicated survey staff
on board the survey vessel. OARS is used on Fugro projects
throughout the world and supports the company’s crowd-
sourced bathymetry program.
holder Forum that will continue to collect relevant inputs
into the design of the Decade.
It is necessary that local and regional desired out-
comes are clearly defined, so that the formulation of
scientific products can help guide sustainable-use poli-
cies. Incorporating and leveraging existing international
programs such as AORA and Seabed 2030 allows for a
“bottom-up” collaborative approach to this work.
Over the next year, there will be opportunities for all
stakeholders to share, learn and collaborate as an im-
plementation plan for the Decade is developed. Collec-
tively, the community can help ensure that every bit of
data collected and every ocean observation shared adds
to the greater good. Only by working together will we
realize the end-goal of exploring the ocean, sustainably
utilizing its bounty and protecting its health for a safe and
livable world. ST
David Millar is Fugro’s government accounts
director for the Americas region, based in the
Washington, D.C. area. He is a member of the
GEBCO Guiding Committee and on the Seabed
2030 Establishment Team. Millar has 30 years
of ocean mapping, marine geophysical and
hydrographic survey experience and has been
with Fugro since 2003.
Dr. Kelley Brumley is Fugro’s science manag-
er of ocean mapping for the Americas region,
based in the Houston, Texas, office. Brumley is
a marine geologist with 13 years of ocean map-
ping, sample collection and survey experience
and has been with Fugro since 2014.
In-Situ Aquaculture Monitoring
Fluorometers Can Help Industry Stay Ahead of Algae, Bacteria Blooms
By Sam Kirby
A n algal bloom is believed to have killed thousands of
Atlantic salmon at a finfish aquaculture site in Scot-
land earlier this year. According to a spokesperson for
The Scottish Salmon Co., warmer water temperatures are
suspected to have been the cause of the bloom in Loch
Fyne, the BBC reported (tinyurl.com/y27gbmtq).
This is a story we hear time and time again in the news
with regard to salmon farming.
Algal blooms are a phenomenon caused by increas-
es in water temperature and nutrient availability, either
through anthropogenic inputs or natural environmental
fluctuation. However, it is not always a local event, as
blooms are regularly transported by ocean currents and
wind.
In-situ continuous monitoring is more effective than weekly
or monthly monitoring to stay ahead of algae and bacteria
blooms in the aquaculture industry.
www.sea-technology.com
Most recently, aquaculture operators off the coast
of Norway have experienced mass mortalities of salm-
on due to a prolonged algal bloom. Algal blooms can
cause problems for fish producers in a number of ways.
The most prominent issue in the news is that of harmful
algal blooms: blooms of algal species, such as Karenia
mikimotoi, that produce toxins that directly affect fish.
It is not only the harmful algae that are a problem.
Chain-forming, spiny diatoms, such as Chaetoceros, can
actually block and damage the gills of fish, reducing their
ability to cope with oxygen stress. In certain areas such
as Scotland, where Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD) can be
a problem, algal blooms can exacerbate the issue. As al-
gae respire through the night, oxygen levels can become
September 2019 | ST 19
severely depleted. Coupled with gill damage, either from
these chain-forming algae or from the damage caused by
the amoebae, this can lead to suffocation.
Algal Monitoring
So, what is being done to minimize
the impact of algal blooms in fin-
fish culture?
Normally, depending on
the location and regulatory
body, water samples are
required every one to two
weeks to assess levels of
toxic algae in the water.
Other initiatives are also in
place, such as remote sens-
ing using satellite data to give
an early warning of the onset of
an algal bloom.
Early warning of algal blooms is cru-
cial to farm operators as it allows them
to employ management practices to
minimize the effect of algal blooms.
For example, if a bloom is suspect-
ed, operators can increase the
aeration in the farm to help avoid
suffocation or can cease feeding
to allow the fish to “settle” further
down in the water column and
minimize contact with the algae at
the surface.
Although these initiatives are cer-
tain to help in the early detection of algal
blooms and the identification of toxic spe-
cies, they still have their limitations.
Diurnal variation in algal populations (Top) Multiparameter algal fluorometers, such as the ant in identifying which
will be poorly understood from week- Chelsea TriLux, are useful for monitoring the levels of pigment to monitor.
ly sampling, and an algal bloom could different algal groups. (Bottom) The Chelsea UviLux is
easily be missed through this routine. an in-situ, single-channel UV fluorometer configured to tification can be incred-
Additionally, satellite measurements detect and quantify tryptophan.
rely on clear skies, and measurements
can be intermittent.
Continuous, in-situ algal monitoring is crucial to un-
derstanding diurnal, seasonal and environmental vari-
ability at culture sites and could significantly contribute
to the early detection of algal blooms. Coupled with
local hydrographic models, sensors can be placed in
strategic areas to continuously monitor for any incom-
ing blooms, allowing operators to employ management
practices to minimize the risk to their livestock. In addi-
tion, long-term, continuous data sets could be used to
improve current understanding and models of the biolo-
gy at these sites and may help to predict future blooms.
Algal monitoring is not only useful for offshore mon-
itoring applications. In coastal waters, algal blooms can
cause significant issues. Normally, the growth-limiting
factor for algae is nutrients such as nitrogen and phos-
phorus, rather than sunlight or CO2. In coastal waters,
agricultural runoff containing high levels of these nutri-
ents is known to contribute to the sudden explosion of
20 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com
algae populations. Of course, wind-driven transport of
blooms from offshore is also a contributing factor.
These coastal algal blooms can be a hazard to hu-
man health. Toxic algae can infect bathing waters and
shellfish. Filter-feeding molluscs, such as oys-
ters, can take up these toxins while feeding on
the algae. In areas where shellfish are cultured
or harvested for human consumption, the toxins
can make their way into the human diet. Per-
haps the most well known case of this is that of
the dinoflagellate Alexandrium sp. This algae is
responsible for “red tides” and can cause para-
lytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans.
Multiparameter algal fluorometers, such
as the Chelsea TriLux—already in wide use for
oceanographic and environmental applications,
such as the SITES AquaNet mesocosm project in
Sweden—are useful for moni-
toring the levels of different al-
gal groups. Typical parameters
include chlorophyll-a, phyco-
cerythrin, phycocyanin and tur-
bidity. Phycoerythrin and phy-
cocyanin are photosynthetic
pigments, like chlorophyll, that
are normally found in blue-green
algae, or cyanobacteria. There
are a number of toxic species of
cyanobacteria, and there is inter-
species variation in the dominant
pigments they contain. Therefore,
characterization of typical algal spe-
cies in a given location (or the risk of
the occurrence of certain species of toxic
cyanobacteria) is import-
In-situ species iden-
ibly tricky, but sensors
installed on site would
be able to detect any rise in algal pigments and could
prompt samples to be taken and species identified either
by trained personnel or other means of technology. The
compact design and low cost of the sensor make it ideal
for mass deployments, and low power consumption cou-
pled with a wide choice of data outputs and anti-biofoul-
ing options allows for long-term remote deployments.
With the apparent increase in algal bloom incidence
and severity, possibly due to rising water temperatures
and increased anthropogenic inputs, the need for im-
proved forecasting and mitigation of algal blooms is
more relevant than ever. With a rising global population
and the increased demand for protein from developing
countries, solving these issues will be crucial to ensuring
future global food security.
Bacterial Monitoring
Phytoplankton is not the only biological parameter
worth measuring in coastal waters. Sewage outfall can
pollute coastal waters and similarly affect water quality
in bathing areas and around coastal shellfisheries. Patho-
gens such as E. coli and Streptococcus are typically pres-
ent in wastewater and, should a wastewater treatment
facility fail, can affect humans through similar vectors to
toxic algae.
In some areas of the U.K., it is mandatory that harvest-
ed shellfish go through a “depuration” process, during
which they are allowed to cleanse themselves in a highly
controlled environment for 48 hr. However, this is not
always the case globally, and bacterial contamination
can actually be very costly for producers. Further up the
supply chain, samples of shellfish can be routinely tested
for levels of harmful bacteria. If the levels are found to
be above a threshold deemed safe for consumption, the
entire batch could be discarded; a safety measure that
comes at a high cost.
Again, regular sampling programs of coastal waters
are in place in some areas to assess levels of harmful bac-
teria. However, these sampling programs offer the same
limitations as they do for algae—a significant pollution
event can be missed by weekly or monthly sampling.
Tryptophan is an amino acid that occurs as a by-
product of bacterial respiration and is a useful indica-
tor of bacterial contamination. Long-term monitoring of
tryptophan in coastal waters is useful for understanding
background levels and temporal variations of the ami-
no acid, as well as detecting significant pollution events.
This is useful to both producers and consumers as, in the
www.sea-technology.com
case of a pollution event, farmers can defer harvesting
or take the appropriate purification measures to ensure
that their product is not rejected and is safe for human
consumption. In-situ fluorometers, such as the Chelsea
UviLux single-channel UV fluorometer, are configured
to detect and quantify tryptophan. For example, CEFAS
uses a combination of UviLuxs targeted for tryptophan
and colored dissolved organic matter to help inform on
water quality around shellfish sites on the south coast of
the U.K.
Looking to the Future
As the industry moves toward long-term, data-driven
solutions for optimizing business processes and mini-
mizing environmental impact, continuous monitoring
of environmental parameters such as algae and harmful
bacteria will play a critical role in sustainability. With a
growing global demand for protein from fish and shell-
fish, mitigating stock losses and environmental impacts
are key to securing sustainable future food sources for a
growing world population. ST
Sam Kirby is the marine sales manager for Chelsea Technologies Ltd. Kirby
has an M.S. in marine biology from Southampton University, specializing in
aquaculture and parasitology, and has previous experience in the Australian
oyster aquaculture industry. His primary interests are using technology to
ensure sustainability and food security. He can be contacted at skirby@
chelsea.co.uk.
September 2019 | ST 21
Hadal Manned Submersible
Five Deeps Expedition Explores Deepest Point in Every Ocean
By Dr. Alan J. Jamieson • John Ramsey • Patrick Lahey

T he very deepest parts of the world’s oceans are sel- (Credit: Five Deeps Expedition)

dom explored. Four of our five oceans extend to

depths exceeding 6,000 m, putting them beyond the
reach of most commercially available technologies and
certainly beyond all human-occupied vehicles currently
in operation.
Scientific interest in these ultradeep ecosystems has
greatly increased over the last decade, but technological
limitations have favored the use of simple static lander
vehicles over remotely operated or human-occupied ex-
ploratory vehicles.
The Five Deeps Expedition (FDE) is changing all that.
In 2015, Victor Vescovo, an American private-equity in-
vestor and explorer and founder of Caladan Oceanic,
approached Triton Submarines in Florida with a vision
to design, engineer, build, test and support a full-ocean-
depth-capable and independently accredited two-person
manned submersible, which he intended to dive to the
deepest point in each of the five oceans over the course
of a year-long expedition.
In a little over three years, this vision became reality.
In December 2018, Vescovo performed his first solo dive
in a two-person, full-ocean-depth submersible to 8,376
m in the Puerto Rico Trench, and the expedition is now
more than halfway through its journey.
The FDE is supported by an international team of
scientists, engineers, filmmakers and operational crew
(both ship and submersible). The DSV Limiting Factor (Triton 36,000/2) being
By the end of 2019, the Five Deeps Expedition, sup- deployed for testing in the Bahamas in 2018.
ported by a dedicated research vessel, will have also
sent the new submersible and supporting landers to the
South Sandwich Trench (approximately 7,400 m; South-
Using a state-of-the-art multibeam echosounder, the
ern Ocean); Java Trench (approximately 7,200 m; Indian
first modern bathymetric charts of these deepest and
Ocean); Mariana Trench (approximately 10,900 m; Pacif-
most remote ocean trenches will be produced.
ic Ocean); and the Molloy Deep (approximately 5,600
In addition to the production of new charts, scientists
m; Arctic Ocean). In addition, the expedition will ex-
will have an opportunity to collect samples and conduct
plore and sample a number of other deep locations along
research in these remote points, in some cases for the
the way. The FDE will be the first time in history when an
first time ever.
individual dives to the deepest point in each ocean.

22 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com


(Credit: Five Deeps Expedition)
(Credit: Five Deeps Expedition)
(Top) The DSSV Pressure Drop, the full-ocean-depth-sub-
mersible support vessel and multibeam platform. (Bottom)
One of the three full-ocean-depth landers being deployed
to 8,376 m, the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean.
DSV Limiting Factor
The deep-submergence vehicle (DSV) Limiting Fac-
tor, designed and built by Triton Submarines for Caladan
Oceanic, is one of the most uniquely capable, piloted
vehicles in seafaring history. Also known as the Triton
36,000/2 or Full-Ocean-Depth (FOD) Triton, the “LF,”
as it is more commonly known, is rated to 11,000 m
(36,000 ft.) and is capable of carrying two people to any
depth in the world’s oceans.
The submersible is operated from the deep-submer-
gence support vessel (DSSV) Pressure Drop and sup-
ported by a number of small surface craft and three full-
ocean-depth-rated lander systems, all owned by Caladan
Oceanic and collectively known as the hadal exploration
system. (The term “hadal” refers to the deepest biozone
of the oceans at depths greater than 6,000 m.) The names
“Limiting Factor” and “Pressure Drop” and lander names
“Skaff,” “Closp” and “Flere” are an homage to the late
science fiction author Iain M. Banks’s Culture Series.
Compared to other ultradeep-capable submersibles
(e.g., Shinkai, Trieste, Jiaolong, Archimede), the LF is rel-
atively compact (4.6 by 1.9 by 3.7 m) and lightweight
(11.4 metric tonnes). Unlike typical human-occupied
submersibles with predominantly forward trajectory, the
Limiting Factor’s movements are primarily descent and
ascent, so its configuration is optimized for vertical travel
through the water column to get it to the seafloor quickly;
it can descend at speeds up to 3.5 kt. through the water
column and 2 to 3 kt. laterally at depth.
www.sea-technology.com
Sub Interior
The two-person submersible
carries a comfortable space for a
pilot and passenger. The sphere—
1.5-m (59-in.) internal diameter, 90
mm (3.5 in.) thick and machined to
less than 1 mm of variance across
its near-perfect spherical shape—is
constructed of Grade 23 Titanium
(Ti-6Al-4V ELI). The sphere also
features three acrylic viewports to
observe outside the vehicle.
The exterior is equipped with four high-definition vid-
eo cameras (IP Multi SeaCam 3105, DeepSea Power &
Light) used to record footage of the surrounding seafloor
and four wide-angle standard-definition cameras (Super
Wide-i SeaCam 4060, DeepSea Power & Light) for situa-
tional awareness. The submersible’s exterior is illuminat-
ed by 10 15,500-lumen LED lights (LED-1153-A3-SUS,
Teledyne Bowtech).
Operation and Navigation
The vehicle initiates descent by flooding a 600-liter
trunking and four 375-liter main ballast tanks (2,100 li-
ters total) aided by a pair of electromagnetically released
steel ballast weights (freeboard and surfacing), with a
combined total of up to 500 kg, depending on depth
and specific gravity. On approach to the seafloor, the net
buoyancy of the vehicle is trimmed in 5-kg increments
using a pair of electromagnetically released variable bal-
last control tubes, each containing up to 50 kg (10 each)
of steel ballast weights. Transiting and maneuvering is
undertaken via two sets of five thrusters (three lateral,
two vertical) on either side of the vehicle.
At the end of the dive, the surfacing weight is jetti-
soned and ascent is initiated by virtue of the approxi-
mately 7.5 cubic meters of syntactic foam (TG39/11,500,
Trelleborg Applied Technologies). On approach to the
surface, the freeboard weight is jettisoned. Upon surfac-
ing, the ballast tanks are emptied to bring the submers-
ible approximately 1 m above the water line. Locating
the vehicle on the surface is aided by a large flag, VHF
radio (MMB-7500, NOVATECH), Iridium satellite bea-
con (iBCN, NOVATECH) and, for low-light conditions, a
Xenon strobe (MMF-7500, NOVATECH). In the unlikely
event of surfacing far from the support vessel, the sub-
mersible has a satellite telephone communication suite
that allows for nearly seamless transmission of verbal
contact between the pilot and the support ship.
Precise underwater navigation is achieved via a sys-
tem of underwater modems (GPM300 acoustic modem,
L3 Oceania). The LF is equipped with two modems that
are tracked using another two surface modems installed
on the support vessel and a support boat, which can
then triangulate from at least two of the three landers
that are deployed prior to the submersible dive. Two
CTD probes (SBE 49 FastCAT, Sea-Bird Scientific) record
pressure, temperature and depth during the descent and
can transmit data to the ship during the dive via the mo-
dems. These dual-redundant modems also allow verbal
September 2019 | ST 23
 “The FDE will be the first time in history
when an individual dives to the deepest point in each ocean.”
and text communication between the LF and the surface
throughout a dive.
Scientific Capabilities
The scientific capabilities of the vehicle comprise a
combination of the submersible itself, vessel-mounted
equipment and the support landers. The support vessel
Pressure Drop is equipped with a full-ocean-depth mul-
tibeam echosounder (MBES EM 124, Kongsberg), which
maps the dive site prior to subsea operations. Once the
target site is located, the landers are deployed in freefall
and are then followed down by the submersible.
The LF’s primary science capability is the array of HD
video cameras on the exterior to observe the geomor-
phology, habitat type and associated biological commu-
nities of the seafloor. It is also equipped with a Raptor
hydraulic manipulator arm (Kraft TeleRobotics). With
support from the surface and a submersible-mounted
side scan sonar (1171 Series, Kongsberg Mesotech), the
LF is directed to the closest lander. The manipulator arm
can be used to operate six push cores mounted on the
lander to collect sediment cores. The arm can also be
used to operate a sample scoop, attached to the land-
er to deposit any surface-dwelling animals or geological
samples into a closable sample box, also mounted on
the lander. In addition to the submersible-interfaced op-
erations, the landers perform autonomous scientific tasks
with baited HD cameras, large and small baited traps, a
10-liter Niskin water sampler and another CTD sensor.
Safety and Accreditation
The sphere and every component of the vehicle have
been successfully cycled in hydrostatic pressure test
chambers to 120 percent of full ocean depth (1,400 bar).
The LF has an endurance of 16 hr., plus an emergen-
cy-life-support time of 96 hr., made possible by 148-VDC,
10/36-kWh bespoke lithium battery units (ICTINEU).
The LF has also been accredited by a third-party cer-
tification agency, DNV GL. The DNV GL certification es-
sentially makes the LF the first commercially viable sub-
mersible designed for repeated use to full ocean depth. It
is currently believed to be the most capable deep-diving
active submersible in the world according to design limit
and will have a life expectancy measured in decades and
thousands of dives to the hadal depths.
Trials, Latest Update
The LF underwent sea trials in August and September
of 2018 in the vicinity of the Bahamas and reached a
depth of 4,950 m in the Abaco Canyon. From there, it
went to the Puerto Rico Trench to dive the deepest point
24 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com
in the Atlantic Ocean. On December 19, 2018, the sub-
mersible reached that point, a depth of 8,376 m, without
incident, proving unequivocally that the LF is currently
the deepest-diving submersible in the world.
The LF and Pressure Drop then went on to map and
dive the deepest point in the Southern Ocean (7,433 m),
the Indian Ocean (7,192 m) and completed five dives to
the bottom of the Mariana Trench (max depth 10,928 m).
At the time of writing, the expedition is heading
through the Pacific Ocean to map, dive and sample the
second deepest point in the world, Horizon Deep in the
Tonga Trench, before heading back to the Atlantic to
complete the Five Deeps Expedition in the Arctic Ocean
in September this year.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank everyone involved in the Five
Deeps Expedition, especially Victor Vescovo (Caladan
Oceanic), Captain Stuart Buckle and his crew on the
DSSV Pressure Drop, Rob McCallum and Karen Horlick
(EYOS Expeditions), and especially everyone from Triton
Submarines, and all those who have taken part in and
contributed to the expedition. ST
Dr. Alan J. Jamieson is a senior lecturer in ma-
rine ecology and specializes in the explorations
of the hadal zone. He has participated in more
than 50 deep-sea expeditions and published a
book on the hadal zone and more than 80 pa-
pers on deep-sea biology and technology.
John Ramsey, the principal design engineer at
Triton Submarines, is responsible for the design
and creation of every new Triton sub. He has
been a lead engineer on 17 newbuild submers-
ibles, including both military and commercial
projects and vehicles built to ABS, Lloyds and
DNV GL classification.
Patrick Lahey, the co-founder and president of
Triton Submarines, began diving in 1975 and
has more than 30 years of commercial diving
and underwater experience. During his career,
he has participated in the design, engineering,
manufacture and testing of numerous underwa-
ter vehicles and systems, including more than
50 manned submersibles.

Offshore Energy
O ffshore Energy Exhibition & Confer-
ence (OEEC) will be held October
7 to 9 in Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
It will attract more than 10,000 offshore
professionals and more than 550 exhib-
iting companies.
Offshore Energy is unique in bringing together the
various offshore industries—oil and gas, offshore wind
and marine energy—and, as such, serves as a hub to aid
the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables. A
focus on the energy transition is reflected in the 22,500
m2 exhibition floor and the conference, which comprises
six 2-hr. sessions, Offshore Wind Conference and Marine
Energy Event.
Knowledge Sharing
Offshore Wind Conference will take place October 7
and 8 and will concentrate on how the offshore wind
industry will play its part in the energy transition.
www.sea-technology.com
ST Conference Preview
Five sessions, which will range in
topic from the global potential of wind
to future pioneers to linking the grids,
will take delegates on a journey to cur-
rent and future challenges and achieve-
ments.
Confirmed speakers include: Manon van Beek, CEO,
TenneT; Huub den Rooijen, director, Energy, Miner-
als and Infrastructure, The Crown Estate; and Andries
Hofman, project manager, GustoMSC.
During Offshore Energy, visitors will have the chance
to attend conference sessions on: the International Ener-
gy Outlook; Future Offshore Energy Systems; Cross-In-
dustry Game-Changing Technologies; and the Energy
Transition Debate.
Marine Energy Event 2019 will be held on October 9,
and it will focus on how marine energy can lead Europe
in the energy transition from traditional sources based on
fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy.
September 2019 | ST 25
 www.sustainableoceansummit.org R

INVESTING IN OCEAN FUTURES:

Finance and Innovation for the Blue Economy

Paris / 20 - 22 November 2019

2019

Join our group on LinkedIn www.linkedin.com/company/world-ocean-council

Follow our latest news on Twitter @OceanCouncil and tweet about the
#SustainableOceanSummit

Visit our website oceancouncil.org and become a WOC Member

26 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com

 “Offshore Energy...serves as a hub
to aid the energy transition
from fossil fuels to renewables.”

Highlights Award—Pulse (IHC IQIP), Electrical Thermal Energy Stor-

A fascinating mix of leaders from business (buyers,
investors), engineering and other interested parties with-
in the offshore energy sector will get the opportunity to
meet each other at OEEC, and it is precisely this balance
between supply and demand that brings a unique mix of
exhibitors and visitors to Offshore Energy each year.
Energy Plaza, a new feature on the exhibition floor,
will combine many strong concepts in one spot, such as
the Startup Zone, the Stage, Matchmaking and the Pre-
mium Lounge.
Offshore Energy Awards
After a grueling pitch round followed by an individ-
ual score from the respective juries, the three nominees
per award for Offshore Energy 2019 have been nar-
rowed down to: Public Outreach Award—DOB-Acad-
emy, Dutch Wavemakers and Nexstep; Young Engineer
Award—Jesper Elzinga (Van Oord), Tom Ashley (Royal
IHC) and Travis Anthony (Shell); and Best Innovation
age (Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy GmbH & Co.
KG) and CIS System (DEME Offshore).
The Offshore Energy Awards attract many internation-
al applicants and a global audience. This year, applicants
hailed from Germany, the U.K. and the U.S., just to name
a few examples. Two of these international applicants
journeyed to the Netherlands to pitch in person, showing
their resolve to win a place among the nominees.
Take Part in the Energy Transition
More information on Offshore Energy Exhibition &
Conference can be found on the website offshore-en
ergy.biz, where you can register, book conference tickets
and find out more about the conference program and all
other events related to Offshore Energy.
If you would like to become part of Offshore Energy,
limited stands are available, as well as many sponsoring
opportunities. You can also take part in the Offshore En-
ergy Opening Gala Dinner and Awards Show. ST

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 capitalreport
NEW Improved Electronics
Low Power Consumption
BOEM Addresses OCS Sediment Resource Needs
Mini Rosette®/CTD
Water Sampler For Increasing Coastal Restoration Projects
The U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
1018 M (BOEM) Marine Minerals Program (MMP) has seen an
with Model 316 or 320 Idronaut CTD increase in both the number of requests and volume of
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) sediment for coastal res-
• Lightweight, small, compact
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sources in state waters, the frequency and magnitude of
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new infrastructure projects.
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research required to meet the demand.
• Flag Pulse to CTD A/D input
The report reached three major conclusions: more
states will turn to OCS sediment resources as in-state re-
sources become scarcer; the volumes requested will be
larger to support increasing coastal resilience measures;
and there is a critical need for BOEM to continue identi-
fying additional OCS sand resources.
General Oceanics Inc. The report will support BOEM’s development of a Na-
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E-mail: Sales@GeneralOceanics.com Potential follow-on studies would attempt to close
http://www.GeneralOceanics.com data gaps and refine the forecast to improve its usefulness
to coastal managers.

US House Passes Four Bills

Tackling Ocean Acidification
The U.S. House of Representatives passed H.R. 1237,
YOUR COMPLETE RESOURCE the COAST Research Act of 2019; H.R. 1716, the Coast-
FOR TRACKING PINGERS al Communities Ocean Acidification Act of 2019; H.R.
1921, the “Ocean Acidification Innovation Act of 2019”;
and H.R. 988, the “NEAR Act of 2019.”
These four bills address ocean acidification, the grad-
ual decrease in oceanic pH due primarily to the absorp-
tion of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide by seawater,
by reauthorizing and updating the Federal Ocean Acid-
ification Research and Monitoring Act and by providing
RJE is the only one to provide avenues to address its impacts through vulnerability as-
a full range of systems for all sessments, prize competitions and a National Academies
modes of acoustic tracking. study.
Surface Diver Acidification is occurring faster in some U.S. coastal
regions as a result of local factors such as upwelling of
AUV ROV naturally low-pH water, changes in freshwater inputs and
We have what you need, all backed by 25 years high-nutrient inputs.
of providing Superior Products for Critical Needs. The activities directed by this legislation would en-
hance the ongoing ocean acidification work currently
It’s a big ocean - when you need to find it quickly, conducted by NOAA and other federal agencies and
your solution is RJE. We also carry a full line of help address some of the knowledge gaps in this field.
acoustic pingers.
Hands-Free Mooring Tech
Now Operational in St. Lawrence Seaway
The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Saint Law-
rence Seaway Development Corp. (SLSDC) has an-
www.RJEInt.com 949-727-9399 nounced that hands-free mooring (HFM) technology is
fully deployed throughout the Saint Lawrence Seaway.

28 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com

 The new technology revolutionizes the method for
locking vessels through the seaway and is the most im-
portant technological advance since the seaway’s open-
ing in 1959. It will enhance workplace safety, lower
operating costs for carriers, and decrease vessel transit
times through the locks.
The SLSDC invested $23 million to install HFM tech-
nology in the U.S. Snell Lock and the U.S. Eisenhower
Lock. The HFM project is the first use of this technology
for an inland waterway.
The HFM system uses vacuum pads, each of which
provides up to 20 tons of holding force. The vacuum
pads are mounted on vertical rails inside the lock cham-
ber wall to secure the ship during the lockage process as
it is raised or lowered while keeping it a fixed distance
from the lock wall. The last step in the lockage operation
consists of releasing the vacuum and retracting the pads
so that the vessel can sail safely out of the lock.
The full implementation of this new technology is im-
portant to the Saint Lawrence Seaway’s operations. Last
year, there was a 7 percent increase in vessels transiting
the seaway, moving 41 million tons of cargo through the
binational waterway. The increase in shipping in the sea-
way is the highest cargo total since 2007.
MARAD Awards Nearly $20 Million in Grants
For Small Shipyards
The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Maritime
Administration (MARAD) announced $19.6 million in
www.sea-technology.com
grants to support capital improvements at 28 U.S. small
shipyards as a part of its Small Shipyard Grant program.
The funding supports employee training and related im-
provements that foster increased efficiency and econom-
ic growth.
In 2013, U.S. shipbuilders produced $37.3 billion in
gross domestic product. Typically family owned and em-
ploying less than 1,200 workers, small shipyards play a
critical role in contributing to the U.S. economy, support-
ing more than 400,000 jobs.
BLUE GLOBE Act Now Introduced
In Both Houses of Congress
U.S. Reps. Suzanne Bonamici (D-Ore.) and Don Young
(R-Alaska), co-chairs of the House Oceans Caucus, have
introduced the Bolstering Long-Term Understanding and
Exploration of the Great Lakes, Oceans, Bays, and Estu-
aries (BLUE GLOBE) Act to strengthen ocean data collec-
tion and monitoring efforts and improve the coordination
of current federal and international programs.
The bill would create an Interagency Ocean Explo-
ration Committee, assess the potential for an Advanced
Research Project Agency–Oceans (ARPA-O), establish an
innovation prize, and strengthen federal innovation ef-
forts to expand ocean data and monitoring technologies.
Sens. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) and Lisa Murkow-
ski (R-Alaska), co-chairs of the Senate Oceans Caucus,
introduced the BLUE GLOBE Act in the Senate earlier
this year. ST
September 2019 | ST 29
 Ocean Engineering
pCO 2 Under way
 Scientific ocean monitoring
Li-Ion Batteries
 Highest capacity, reliability, safety
 Your power source for subsea, AUV, ROV
international
Ship Design Competition for Schoolchildren
The winning ship of the Design Your Ship for the Fu-
ture competition held by MARIN (Netherlands Maritime
CO2 optical Analyzer
Research Institute) has the shape of a sailfish, a retract-
able sail, a frictionless shark skin and a flexible moving
tail. It was tested in one of MARIN’s model basins.
Almost 100 participants were involved in the com-
petition. Ideas came in the form of drawings and short
OceanPack (FerryBox) videos, including ships with solar panels, sails, wind
turbines and hydrogen engines for clean propulsion;
floating hospitals for marine animals; and self-navigating
ships with cameras and radars.
MARIN brought together the best ideas and combined
Subsea Batteries them into the winning design.

Common Structural Rules Software Updated

Common Structural Rules Software LLC, a joint ven-
ture company formed by Lloyd’s Register (LR) and ABS,
A d d e d Va l u e has released updates to its software products to simpli-
Vehicle Batteries fy compliance with existing and future IACS Common
 Customizing and personal support
 Longest service & design lifetime Structural Rules (CSR). Both LR and ABS will use these
 Simplest operation on board tools to evaluate new designs against the CSR.
CSR Prescriptive Analysis and CSR FE Analysis have
info@subctech.com
been updated to reflect new rule changes that came into
www.gosubsea.com
SubCtech GmbH www.subctech.com
Battery Systems force in July.

Sonar to Protect Eastern European

Waterside Energy Facility
Underwater intruder detection technology from So-
nardyne International Ltd. has been chosen to secure the
coastal perimeter of a critical national energy infrastruc-
ture facility in Eastern Europe.
The Sentinel Intruder Detection Sonar (IDS) will be
deployed to detect unauthorized divers and subsurface
vehicles approaching the facility from the water. The in-
stallation, at an undisclosed location, is the first phase
of a site-wide project led by MARSS Group to enhance
security at the facility with its NiDAR long-range air, land
and underwater situational awareness system.

WOC Adds Members

Worldwide Project Consortium (WWPC), Priority Car-
go Network and Cargo Equipment Experts (CEE), com-
prising hundreds of individual companies, have joined
the World Ocean Council (WOC) in support of ocean
sustainable development.
“Maritime transport and cargo logistics are central to
the global economy, moving 90 percent of internation-
al trade—and are thus fundamental to the future of the
ocean,” WOC CEO Paul Holthus said.

New Application for Blade Air Emission Tech

Kongsberg Maritime has successfully adapted a pro-
peller concept used in naval applications and is now of-
fering the same operational and environmental benefits
to commercial shipping customers. The naval sector has
been using Kongsberg Blade Air Emission technology for

30 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com

a number of years, with several navies deploying it to
limit vessel signature, and the process is now being ap-
plied to commercial ship propellers to reduce the effect
of underwater radiated noise on marine life.

Acteon Expands Claxton Brand

Subsea services group Acteon is adding subsea cut-
ting expertise to its Claxton brand with the acquisition
of Proserv’s international Field Technology Services and
Survey business units.
The Field Technology Services business offers cutting,
friction stud welding and pipeline maintenance services
from bases in Stavanger (Norway), Houma (U.S.), Singa-
pore and Aberdeen (U.K.). These additional services and
facilities will be integrated into Acteon under the Claxton
brand, enabling rapid globalization of Claxton’s comple-
mentary well decommissioning, riser and conductor and
surface pressure control offerings.
The Survey business unit will join Acteon’s existing
UTEC Survey business.

SBG Surveys Hamburg Port

SBG Systems put all its inertial navigation systems
(INS) to the test during a three-day hydrographic survey
in Hamburg, Germany.
Test results took the form of interactive maps so hy-
drographers could select a product and compare its per-
formance through seafloor maps.
SBG Systems and local partner MacArtney GmbH
tested three grades of their MEMS INS (Ellipse, Ekinox,
Apogee) with their FOG INS coupled with a multi-
beam echosounder. SBG FOG-based INS Horizon was
post-processed within Qinertia PPK software to be used
as a reference.

New London Office for Consultancy

Brookes Bell, a multidisciplinary marine, scientific
and technical consultancy, has opened a new office in
London, providing expertise across a range of sectors,
including casualty investigation, forensic analysis, tech-
nical dispute resolution and expert-witness work.
Brookes Bell also operates in Liverpool, Glasgow, Sid-
cup, Singapore, Shanghai and Hong Kong.

JFD Trials for TechnipFMC

JFD, part of James Fisher and Sons plc, has successful-
ly completed rigorous mating trials of its latest Portable
Hyperbaric Reception Facility (PHRF) for TechnipFMC.
The trials were conducted with two of TechnipFMC’s
vessels.

LR Approves DSME Smart Ship Solution

Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co. Ltd.
(DSME) has received approval in principle (AiP) from
Lloyd’s Register (LR) for its Smart Ship Solution (DS4).
DS4 is a fleet monitoring smart ECDIS and surveil-
lance system. It has been granted the descriptive note
“Digital AL3 SAFE SECURITY,” confirming that the sys-
tem is in accordance with LR’s Digital Ships ShipRight
Procedure. ST

www.sea-technology.com September 2019 | ST 31

oceanbusiness
USCG Approves Evac BWMS
The Evac Evolution Ballast Water Management System
(BWMS) has received type approval from the U.S. Coast
Guard (USCG).
The system is manufactured by Cathelco, now part
of the Evac Group, which attained USCG Alternate
Management Systems (AMS) acceptance for its original
BWMS more than four years ago.
Hyper-bb Development
Sequoia Scientific Inc. Scientist Dr. Wayne Slade has
developed a hyperspectral backscattering instrument
(Hyper-bb) through a NASA Phase II SBIR (Small Business
Innovation Research) grant. A prototype has been deliv-
ered to NASA for testing. This is Slade’s and Sequoia’s
second SBIR-funded development and delivery in 2019.
The Hyper-bb product is expected to be available for
order in the first quarter of 2020.
MTS, SUT Join Forces
The Marine Technology Society (MTS) and the Soci-
ety for Underwater Technology (SUT) have entered into
a three-year memorandum of agreement to explore ways
to work together to the benefit of their collective mem-
bership. Both SUT and MTS focus on the facilitation, de-
velopment and application of marine science and tech-
32 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com
nology for purposes of exploration, understanding and
sustainable use of the ocean and its resources.
Canada’s Ocean Supercluster Commits Funding
To Kraken’s OceanVision Project
Kraken Robotics Inc.’s wholly owned subsidiary,
Kraken Robotic Systems Inc., has been conditionally ap-
proved by the Ocean Supercluster to move forward with
its OceanVision project.
OceanVision is a three-year, $20 million project to
develop new marine technologies and products to en-
able an underwater-robotics-data-acquisition- and da-
ta-analytics-as-a-service business for ultrahigh-definition
seafloor imaging, mapping and analytics.
The Ocean Supercluster will provide an investment
up to a maximum of $5.9 million to the OceanVision
project.
Funding for Marine Firefighting
Rescue Vessel
The Canaveral Port Authority will receive $1.5 million
from the state of Florida to support the acquisition of a
specialized fireboat to provide marine firefighting and
rescue capabilities for Port Canaveral and the surround-
ing communities.
The Marine Firefighting Rescue Vessel (MFRV) will of-
fer the area enhanced fire protection and response-time
capabilities to serve the port’s growing maritime opera-
tions.
TTI to Stock SEACON Products
TE Connectivity will begin stocking six of its high-de-
mand SEACON product lines for the marine, oil and gas
market with TTI Inc., a specialty distributor of electronic
components and one of TE’s largest global distribution
partners. The SEACON product lines that customers will
be able to buy through TTI are: 55 Series, All-Wet, HUM-
MER, Micro WET-CON, Rubber Molded Connectors and
WET-CON.
L3Harris Arises from Merger
L3Harris Technologies Inc. is merging with Harris
Corp. to create an agile global aerospace and defense
technology company uniquely positioned to deliver in-
novative, affordable mission solutions that can be rapidly
fielded. The new company is called L3Harris.
WFS Expands
WFS Technologies, specializing in Subsea Internet of
Things (SIOT) devices for asset-integrity management,
has expanded into Houston and Brazil as it continues to
meet growth objectives for 2019. Molly Reyes joins the
WFS senior leadership team to lead the new office and
explore opportunities in the growing energy sectors of
the Gulf of Mexico and North American territories.
Quiet Ship Workshop Results
Acentech, a Cambridge, Massachusetts-based noise,
vibration and acoustical consulting firm, has issued its
KLEIN MA-X VIEW 600
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Download the MA-X View 600 brochure from
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www.sea-technology.com
final report to Transport Canada concerning the Quiet
Ship Workshop held at the International Maritime Head-
quarters (IMO) in London this past January and February.
Among the key policy and research recommendations
from the event include: biological underwater radiated
noise (URN) limits are not available at this time, so ship-
based URN limits should be studied; noise mitigation
measures should align with efforts to improve energy
efficiency and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions;
vessel URN data should continue to be gathered to un-
derstand issues and validate modeling; research on ship-
board noise control technologies should be advanced;
a comprehensive framework of international standards
for URN measurement should be developed; and there
should be an increase in education/outreach to shipown-
ers, designers and builders, and machinery and equip-
ment manufacturers.
Port of Cartagena Invites More Traffic
Cartagena Port in Colombia is becoming increasing-
ly important as a regional transportation hub. Last year,
Panalpina set up the first ocean freight hub in Cartagena
for Central and South American LCL (less than container
load) cargo. The Port of Cartagena had the fourth highest
throughput of all container gateways in Latin America
and the Caribbean in 2018, according to the UN’s Eco-
nomic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.
The port handled 2.9 million TEU in 2018, 6.9 percent
more than in 2017. ST
September 2019 | ST 33

enquiries@blueprintsubsea.com
sound by design
Multibeam Imaging Sonars
Single and Dual Frequency Operation
Micro-USBL Tracking Beacons
Bidirectional Acoustic Data Modems
Portable Sidescan Sonars
Towed, OEM, Hull and Pole Mounted
find out more
www.blueprintsubsea.com
34 ST | September 2019
productdevelopment
For more information on any of these products, visit our website at
www.sea-technology.com/products
Hyperbaric Treatment Chamber
Uni-Heal 2200 can be equipped
and customized to any specifica-
tion, ranging from capacity and
working pressure to patient lighting
and seating. Accreditation includes
ASME VIII Div 1 PVHO-1 (U.S.A.
Safety Standard for Pressure Ves-
sels for Human Occupancy), ISO
13485, European 97-23 EC and
93-42 EEC, and DNV GL. Unique
Group.
Anti-Fouling Coating
Containing the barnacle-repellent
active agent Selektope, SEA PRE-
MIER 3000 PLUS is a self-polish-
ing coating based on silyl polymer
technology. It delivers excellent
slime and algal resistance with
the combined power of Selektope
and cuprous oxide for superior
hard-fouling prevention. Chugoku
Marine Paints Ltd.
Software Update
Pertaining to NavNet TZtouch2,
this update enables the use of the
popular CMOR seafloor maps, with
bathymetric bottom images that
help navigators identify suitable lo-
cations for fishing and diving, over-
laid on top of NavNet’s convention-
al vector, raster or fishing charts.
Furuno USA.
Hydrographic Support
Hydrographic Production Database
(HPD) 4.0 supports the new S-100
Universal Hydrographic Data Mod-
el. Users of HPD 4.0 will be able to
augment their existing production
environment to support both the
S-101 and S-57 Electronic Naviga-
tional Chart (ENC) production from
www.sea-technology.com
the same source database. Teledyne
CARIS.
DNA-Based Monitoring
GeneCount comprises DNA-based
monitoring tools that complement
ATP measurement kits. While ATP
kits determine total micro-organ-
ism quantity and can confirm water
treatment efficacy, GeneCount re-
veals the specific species found and
what these organisms are doing.
LuminUltra Technologies Ltd.
Autonomous Profiling Winch
Intended for use on small research
boats, vessels of opportunity, ASVs
and dockside, the compact RBRglis-
sando enables vertical profile data
to be automatically downloaded
from the CTD logger to the winch
via Wi-Fi and stored on the winch,
telemetered directly via Iridium or
GSM, or passed to the vehicle con-
troller. RBR Ltd.
GPS/INS Antenna Receiver
This single-antenna receiver en-
ables robust centimeter position-
ing and 3D attitude (heading, roll,
pitch) while keeping weight and
power consumption to a minimum.
Positioning is based on multifre-
quency, multiconstellation GNSS
(GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou,
QZSS) technology. Septentrio N.V.
Underwater Bonding
Whether below the waterline or
undercarriage, Fix15 delivers mas-
sive holding strength. The adhesive
sealant bonds underwater and is
paintable. Fix15 uses an MS poly-
mer base and is suitable for sheet,
carbon and stainless steel; alumi-
num; fiberglass; composite; glass;
non-oily wood; mirrors; PVC; rub-
ber; and PU foam. FixTech LLC.
Cloud-Based Software
The a3 Agency System reduces pa-
perwork and streamlines workflows
across a ship-agency business. Sim-
plifying the management of docu-
mentation and actions required in
port calls into a unified system re-
duces administrative overheads and
enhances service quality. Wallem
Group Ltd.
Micro-AUV
Small (less than 1 m long) and easy
to carry and launch (less than 20
lb., including payload), NemoSens
can host any payload, be it a CTD
probe, side scan sonar or other
sensors. Thanks to an open LINUX
architecture, it can be programmed
from a ROS or MOOS interface to
complete various missions. RTsys.
Smaller ROV
Half the size of the Outland ROV-
1000, the ROV-500’s smaller frame
allows for access into smaller spac-
es while maintaining a high thrust-
to-weight ratio. The hand controller
includes depth, heading (compass
or gyro), cruise controls and altime-
ter depth control. Outland Technol-
ogy Inc.
Small GPS Tracker
Ready to use out of the box, the
Spytrack Nano is an ideal solution
for tracking portable assets in the
shipping industry. It can be set to
report its location up to every 15 to
30 sec. Rewire Security.
Climbing Robots
Capable of remote operation,
these robots can inspect and clean
hulls, remove coatings and marine
growth, perform spot repairs, and
deploy a welding head for remote
welding. They are made of Drag-
onPlate carbon-fiber-reinforced
plastic components. International
Climbing Machines.
Water-Quality Monitoring
The FlowCam 5000 is ideal for
general and process-specific mon-
itoring applications. It is also a
suitable tool for aquatic research
and educational institutions. Us-
ing flow-imaging microscopy, the
FlowCam 5000 provides digital
images that allow for rapid count
and measurement of organisms in a
liquid sample. Fluid Imaging Tech-
nologies Inc.
INS with DVL
TOGSNAV has three model op-
tions: 0.1°, 0.3° and 0.5°. It comes
with 4,000-m-rated housing; 600-
or 300-kHz DVL; and a single ROV
connection, plus connections for
sensor inputs. Teledyne TSS Ltd.
Environmentally Friendly Cleaner
Bio-based Safe-T-Solve is a fast-act-
ing, industrial-strength cleaner and
degreaser that can be used on all
surfaces. It’s strong enough to use
in a parts cleaning system and has
no harmful volatile organic com-
pounds. Iosso Products.
Rack-Mount Computers
The industrial-grade RM-1200 se-
ries offers redundant power and
dual PCIe x8 expansion in a <400-
mm 1U enclosure. It is powered by
the latest-generation (8 core) Intel
Core (RM-1200-CL) and Xeon E se-
ries (RM-1200-XE) processors. Ste-
atite Ltd. ST

Compass
An analog compass comes in handy
when there’s no power. The HF-743
Helmsman Flush Mount CombiDial
displays an actual heading. The pol-
ished dome has 45° lubber lines for
easy reference. Integrated compen-
sators adjust for deviation. Ritchie
Navigation.

Virtual-Reality Training
“Wall Wash Test - Protecting Your
Cargo” trains ship operators to
avoid potential claims that could
amount up to millions of pounds
due to cargo damage caused by
insufficient tank cleaning on board
chemical tankers. The user gets a
360° simulation with haptic motion
controllers. Videotel Marine Inter-
national.

www.sea-technology.com September 2019 | ST 35

environmentalmonitoring
RBR Measurements for
Great Lakes Study
RBR has recently delivered hun-
dreds of scientific instruments to
meet the critical requirements of the
Real-time Aquatic Ecosystem Ob-
servation Network (RAEON). RAE-
ON will support comprehensive
and multidisciplinary research to
understand and manage the Great
Lakes and will be a reference for
researchers worldwide who are in-
vestigating freshwater ecosystems.
This collaborative hub will enable
researchers to join forces in under-
standing freshwater ecosystems.
RAEON will help reinforce Can-
ada’s position as a leader in envi-
ronmental stewardship.
Four-hundred RBRsolo³ T loggers
(internally recording and powered
temperature instruments) will be
used in conjunction with acoustic
telemetry arrays in Lake Ontario for
long-term monitoring of tempera-
36 ST | September 2019
ture in the lake over annual and in-
terannual time scales. The RBRsolo³
T temperature measurement is re-
quired to measure and resolve the
small changes in the vertical struc-
ture of lake temperature that drive
seasonal circulation and track long-
term changes.
More than 20 RBRmaestro³
CTD multiparameter data loggers
were delivered to identify the base-
line health of the Great Lakes. The
loggers will be used to measure a
variety of key environmental fac-
tors, such as temperature, salinity,
depth, pH, turbidity, dissolved ox-
ygen, carbon dioxide and multiple
wavelengths of fluorescence. The
combination of these sensors on
one logger enables the researchers
to measure all parameters on the
same time scale, which is important
to get a baseline water quality level
of the lakes for long-term lake mon-
itoring. The RBRmaestro³ CTDs will
be used for vertical-profiling studies
www.sea-technology.com
on small research boats, as well as
moored for long-term interannual
studies.
MacArtney Supports Deep-Sea
Observatory off France
MacArtney France continues to
supply Teledyne Oil & Gas con-
nectivity solutions to the pioneer-
ing MEUST-NUMerEnv observatory
project located 40 km offshore Tou-
lon, France.
Over the last two decades,
MacArtney France has provided
connectors to ANTARES (Astrono-
my with a Neutrino Telescope and
Abyss environmental RESearch) and
the MEUST (Mediterranean Euro-
centre for Underwater Sciences and
Technologies), a permanent deep-
sea observatory deployed at 2,500-
m depth.
The NUMerEnv (Neutrino Mer
Environnement) project, the second
phase of the MEUST project, is a
technologically advanced cabled
infrastructure hosting the neutrino
telescope of the KM3NeT Collab-
oration and deep-sea observatory,
EMSO (European Multidisciplinary
Seafloor Observatory).
Cabled observatories, connected
to land by electro-optical cables,
provide continuous data transmis-
sion and offer unique opportunities
for the study of the neutrino, the
most mysterious of the elementary
particles, and for monitoring deep-
sea phenomena.
MacArtney’s scope of supply to
this ongoing project includes a con-
tinuing tender for Teledyne Oil &
Gas connectors, interlinks, Y cables,
jumpers, battery and sensor links.
floor. Areas of greater mass such as
underwater mountains have a high-
er gravity, attracting more water and
creating a rise in the sea surface.
Fine-tuning the relationship be-
tween bathymetry and gravity in the
Arctic Ocean has enabled scientists
to calculate seafloor bathymetry
from satellite gravity measurements.
By using ERS-1 and ERS-2, Envi-
sat and seven years of CryoSat data,
an altimetric gravity model has been
developed by DTU Space. This has
been combined with the existing
IBCAO bathymetry map to create a
new and improved hybrid bathym-
etry map of the Arctic Ocean. The
existing IBCAO bathymetry map of
the Arctic Ocean is based on ship
soundings, assisted by digital depth
contours. Combining IBCAO ba-
thymetry with altimetry-derived
marine gravity has yielded a more
accurate Arctic bathymetry map. ST

DO Loggers Reveal Eutrophic

Lake’s Diurnal Dynamics
Dissolved oxygen (DO) concen-
trations and their fluctuations are
vital to the aquatic health of eutro- &
phic lakes. As oxygen production LINEAR
through aquatic plant-based pho-
tosynthesis is largely dependent on
For mor
the sun, DO concentrations, espe-
cially in the upper water column, building amplifiers to drive reactive loads.
vary significantly over a 24-hr. pe-
riod. Because of these variations,
spot measurements, if taken on a
daily or weekly interval, could be
misleading depending on where the
measurement occurs in the diurnal
cycle.
Last year, Rob Bowen of Diver-
sified Scientific Solutions deployed
one of ASL Environmental Sciences’
DO loggers to examine the finer
details of the DO diurnal cycle at
Swan Lake in Victoria, British Co-
lumbia, Canada. This 9-hectare lake
in an urban landscape is subject to
algal blooms and fish kill due to hy-
poxia.
This year, Bowen is using two
ASL DO loggers from the ASL lease
pool to examine DO levels in an
area where a bubbler system was
installed. Model S16-20
A A 20% duty
Satellite Data Enhances 35 x 31.5 x 35.5 inches; 985 lbs.
Arctic Bathymetry Map
Scientists from DTU Space, Den-
mark’s national space research in-
isit our .instrumentsinc.com
stitute, have published a paper that
reveals the first Arctic bathymetry
map using marine gravity.
The surface of the ocean is not
flat. Because of gravitational pull, 7263 Engineer Rd., San Diego, CA 92111-1493
(858) 571-1111 FAX (858) 571-0188 info@instrumentsinc.com
the height of the ocean surface Copyright 2019
mimics the rise and fall of the ocean

www.sea-technology.com September 2019 | ST 37

meetings
OCTOBER
October 2-3—OilComm, Houston,
Texas. 484-869-2378, dmuirhead@
accessintel.com or www.oilcomm.
com.
October 3-5—INMEX SMM India,
Mumbai, India. nora.ebbinghaus@
hamburg-messe.de or www.in
mex-smm-india.com.
October 6-9—Teledyne Marine
Technology Workshop, San Diego,
California. 508-563-1639, Margo.
newcombe@teledyne.com or www.
teledynemarine.com/tmtw2019.
October 7-9—Offshore Energy
Exhibition & Conference, Amster-
dam, Netherlands. +31 10 209
2600, marketing@offshore-energy.
biz or www.offshore-energy.biz.
October 8-10—PACIFIC 2019,
Sydney, Australia. +61 (0)3 5282
0500, expo@amda.com.au or
www.pacificexpo.com.au.
October 11—Maritime Economy
Forum, Gdynia, Poland. www.fo
rum.gdynia.pl.
October 15-17—RECSO Enviro-
Spill Conference & Exhibition, Abu
Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. +973
3905 7872, vishak@iconex.in or
www.recsoenvirospill.org.
October 27-31—OCEANS 2019
Seattle, Seattle, Washington. info@
oceans19mtsieeeseattle.org or
https://seattle19.oceansconference.
org.
October 28-31—CLEAN GULF
Conference & Exhibition, New Or-
leans, Louisiana. www.cleangulf.
org.
October 29-31—Challenge of Sci-
ence Leadership Training Course,
Oban, Scotland. info@sciencelead
ership.co.uk or www.sciencelead
ership.co.uk.
October 30-November 1—SNAME
Maritime Convention, Tacoma,
38 ST | September 2019
Washington.
events@sname.org
703-997-6701,
or https://
snameconvention.com.
NOVEMBER
November 4-6—Oceans in Action,
Gulport, Mississippi. laurie.jugan@
usm.edu or www.mtsociety.org/
oceans-in-action.
November 5-7—International
Conference on Marine Engineer-
ing and Technology Oman, Mus-
cat, Oman. +44 (0)20 7382 2656,
marketing@imarest.org or www.
icmetoman.com.
November 6—OPITO Global, Kua-
la Lumpur, Malaysia. www.opito.
com/events/opito-global.
November 6-7—ASNE Design Sci-
ences Series Workshop: Digital
Engineering: Digital Twin, Wash-
ington, D.C. 703-836-6727, asne
hq@navalengineers.org or www.
navalengineers.org/Symposia/De
sign-Sciences-Series-Digital-Engi
neering-Digital-Twin-2019.
November 10-14—International
Water Conference, Orlando, Flor-
ida. 412-261-0710 ext. 13, t.bom
balski@eswp.com or www.eswp.
com/water.
November 18-22—BlueTech
Week, San Diego, California. mb-
jones@themaritimealliance.org or
www.bluetechweek.org.
November 20-21—Combat Sys-
tems Symposium, Arlington, Vir-
ginia. 703-836-6727, asnehq@
navalengineers.org or www.na
valengineers.org/Symposia/Com
bat-Systems-Symposium-2019.
November 20-22—Sustainable
Ocean Summit, Paris, France.
info@oceancouncil.org or www.
oceancouncil.org.
November 21-23—Pacific Marine
Expo, Seattle, Washington. 207-
842-5666, cdimmerling@divcom.
com or www.pacificmarineexpo.
com.
November 28-30—International
WorkBoat Show, New Orleans,
www.sea-technology.com
Louisiana. 508-743-8567, info@
workboatshow.com or www.work
boatshow.com.
DECEMBER
December 3-6—Marintec Chi-
na, Shanghai, China. marintecchi
na@126.com or www.marintecchi
na.com.
December 4-5—Maritime Security
& Coastal Surveillance, Singapore.
+65 6722 9388, KunLim.Lau@iqpc.
com.sg or https://bit.ly/2XqMeIu.
December 4-5—West Coast Small
Business Defense Contracting
Summit, San Diego, California.
202-552-0179, info@defenselead
ershipforum.org or https://tinyurl.
com/y3z9jvmj.
December 10-12—Chesapeake
Technology’s Annual Training
Workshop, Savannah, Georgia.
650-967-2045 or workshop@ches
apeaketech.com.
2020
JANUARY
January 14-16—Blue Innovation
Symposium, Newport, Rhode Is-
land. 401-847-6650 or https://
salve.edu/blue-innovation-sympo
sium.
FEBRUARY
February 4-6—EUROMARITIME,
Marseille, France. +33 1 56 59 15
07, anne-charlotte.micca@gican.
asso.fr or www.euromaritime.fr.
February 4-6—Underwater Inter-
vention, New Orleans, Louisiana.
ui@naylor.com or www.underwa
terintervention.com.
MARCH
March 23-25—International Lidar
Mapping Forum, Washington, D.C.
800-803-5804, customerservice@
divcom.com or www.lidarmap.org.
APRIL
April 13-16—MTS Buoy Work-
shop, Wilmington, North Carolina.
rickcole@rdsea.com or www.
m t s o c i e t y. o r g / m t s - b u oy - wo r k
shop-2020.
For more industry meetings, visit
sea-technology.com/meetings. ST
contracts a competitor’s first-generation UV-
type ballast water system currently
portation’s Maritime Administration
and Marine Spill Response Corp.
installed on the 28,890-gt vessel.
Columbia Cruise Services. N-Sea, Zierikzee, Netherlands,
Wild Well Control Inc., Houston,
was awarded three contracts in the
Texas, has a new contract for the
ABB, Zurich, Switzerland, has won Middle East entailing completion of
provision of BOP intervention skids
a contract to supply ABB Ability Re- a pipeline repair and pigging cam-
and test units for inclusion in its
mote Diagnostic Systems for Marine paign, air-diving campaigns and
Subsea Response Kit. As part of the
to 11 vessels operating in the Arctic a saturation-diving campaign for
WellCONTAINED subsea capping
and Russia’s Far East. Sovcomflot. spool, clamp and riser installations.
stack program, the new 450/150
Undisclosed.
Mark 3 BOP intervention skids will
MacGregor, part of Cargotec, Hel-
replace the existing equipment in
sinki, Finland, has signed a frame- TechnipFMC, London, England, has
inventory. Fugro.
work purchasing agreement to sup- been awarded a major engineer-
port MacGregor spare parts and ing, procurement and construction
Penguin International Ltd., Singa-
service of equipment installed on a (EPC) contract for the Arctic LNG 2
pore, has selected an electronic fuel
fleet of more than 1,000 ships oper- project located in the Gydan penin-
monitoring system (EFMS) solution
ating worldwide. COSCO Shipping. sula in West Siberia, Russia. It will
provider for its Flex Fighter range of
cover the EPC of three LNG trains
armored multi-role security boats
Sea Machines Robotics, Boston, and associated topsides. Novatek
and on its own fleet of Flex-42X
Massachusetts, entered into a co- and partners.
Executive Fast Crew Boats. FUEL-
operative agreement to demonstrate
TRAX.
the ability of Sea Machines’ auton- Next Geosolutions, London, En-
omous technology to increase the gland, has been awarded three ma-
BIO-UV Group, Lunel, France, has
safety, response time and produc- rine survey contracts from three dif-
secured a contract to retrofit a BIO-
tivity of marine oil-spill response ferent clients for onshore, nearshore
SEA ballast water treatment system
operations. The demo was to be and offshore activities, to be done
to the cruiseship Europa. A modu-
conducted in August in Portland, primarily via ROV-mounted sensors
lar BIO-SEA B01-0085 system with
Maine. U.S. Department of Trans- and tools. Undisclosed. ST
an 85 m3/h flow rate will replace

NEW class of
ROV Propulsion

Powerful and silent subsea thrusters from

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with reliability as the highest design priority.

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and easy to integrate – and will provide
vehicles with a unique combination of silent
power and high maneuverability.

COPENHAGEN SUBSEA A/S

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www.sea-technology.com September 2019 | ST 39

professionalservices directory
An effective medium reserved for listing professional and consulting services. Size: 3-3/16” wide x 1” deep,
to a maximum depth of 3”. Rates: $95 per one-inch insertion for 1-6 times; $90 each for 7-12 consecutive
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copy change; no agency commissions. No charge for typesetting. Send your electronic file or text and
images (300 dpi) to seatechads@sea-technology.com by the 10th of the month preceding insertion month.

SONOTRONICS
MARK YOUR EQUIPMENT
Mark your underwater equipment for later
recovery in case of loss. With close to 50 years
of experience in the manufacture of sonic
pingers, hydrophones, and receivers,
SONOTRONICS can provide equipment
for your underwater tracking needs.

www.sonotronics.com
(520)746-3322

GALVANIC TIMED RELEASES

Cost-effective electrochemically degraded links available in durations ranging from one
minute to 100 days. Trigger closure mechanisms, open escape panels, release cable
support buoys or subsurface instrument locator floats. Stock and custom-designed re-
leases available from:
International Fishing Devices, Inc. André LaBonté
18246 134th Way N., Jupiter, FL 33478 P.O. Box 60, Waipu, New Zealand 0545
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CUSTOM BUILT HOUSINGS FOR 100, 300, 1000 meter plus NOT LISTED? If you wish to be listed in the Industrial Firms
IDEAL FOR SCIENTIFIC, ELECTRONIC AND VIDEO SYSTEMS section of the next edition of the Sea Technology Buyers
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www.greenawaymarine.com Questions? seatechnologybg@sea-technology.com.

40 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com


How to Get the Next Generation into STEM—Al Leszczynski
Al Leszczynski
is a science in-
terpreter at the
Franklin Institute
in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania,
with a back-
ground in envi-
ronmental science from Temple Uni-
versity and a passion for the marine
sciences and malacology. Leszczynski
has served as a science communication
fellow with the Ocean Exploration Trust
aboard the EV Nautilus for the 2018
and 2019 field seasons, helping to con-
duct research in the Pacific Ocean.
I f you’re reading this magazine,
it’s probably safe to say that you
understand the value and opportu-
nities in the fields of sea technology
and marine sciences. But how did
you end up valuing those things?
For many, the love for science is
not found in a classroom, but, in-
stead, through informal experienc-
es. It might be playing in the pud-
dles during a rainstorm, watching a
relative tinker with a car engine, or
simply being guided to scientifically
observe the world around us. These
experiences can set the course for a
life full of excitement through learn-
ing and participating in science and
engineering.
I have always been known as
a “science kid,” but no one is just
born this way. A curiosity for the
world and a love for science and in-
quiry must be fostered in and out of
school for children of all ages.
GSK Science in the Summer, a
free national program administered
in partnership with the Franklin In-
stitute, aims to do just that.
Each year, the education team
at the Franklin Institute, along with
leaders and scientists from GSK,
work together to create interactive,
engaging and accessible science
curricula for students nationwide.
This year’s theme is “The Science of
Me: an exploration of human biolo-
gy, anatomy and the health scienc-
es as a whole.” GSK Science in the
Summer serves students going into
grades second through sixth. This
age group is targeted specifically be-
cause studies have shown—and my
personal experience as an all-ages
educator suggests—that confidence
in the STEM fields is often most for-
tified, or sadly diminished, at these
times in a child’s growth and devel-
opment.
For many, science and engineer-
ing is not “for them,” but what ex-
periences cause that thinking? How
can the presentation of STEM in
childhood and adolescence garner
a different result?
The GSK Science in the Summer
program follows an approach of
localizing and personalizing expe-
riences, drawing science connec-
tions to the larger world, and build-
ing upon dimensions of science
capital such as science literacy, un-
structured science experiences and
awareness of the transferability of
STEM-based skills.
In Philadelphia, the program
partners with the Free Library sys-
tem, which includes many neigh-
borhood libraries that host the pro-
gram in their spaces. By utilizing
the local library system, we are able
to bring these experiences closer to
the audiences that want them and
need them, lessening the negative
impact of transportation costs on
low-income families. This also al-
lows learners to familiarize them-
selves with their local libraries and
all that they offer, maximizing the
likelihood that they will return and
feel comfortable using the learning
resources that are available to them
in these accessible places.
In a 2016 study, Louise Archer
and Jennifer DeWitt discuss the
strong correlation between a stu-
dent’s personal connection with
someone who works in STEM and
their confidence and engagement
with the sciences.
The GSK Science in the Summer
program hires certified teachers,
many of whom have a focus on
the sciences, to serve as the pro-
www.sea-technology.com
soapbox
gram educators. Additionally, the
program highlights the many vary-
ing career paths that can be found
through the sciences. For each les-
son and activity, educators have the
chance to connect students with
real-life job opportunities. This is in-
credibly important because the per-
ceived utility of science courses and
extended science learning for ca-
reer paths strongly predicted a stu-
dent’s choice to continue pursuing
math and physics beyond compul-
sory science courses, as highlighted
by a 2014 paper by Tamjid Mujtaba
and Michael Reiss.
One of my most impactful sci-
ence moments took place in the
basement of the Northeast Regional
branch of the Free Library of Phil-
adelphia back in 2002. I was 11
years old, and my mom had se-
cured me a spot into the oceanog-
raphy week of GSK’s free Science
in the Summer program. Wearing
a tiny lab coat and safety goggles,
just like a real scientist, I was able to
view a drop of pond water through
a microscope for the very first time.
I spent only a total of 6 hr. in the
program for that week—but its im-
pact has been lifelong.
To this day, I have my program
workbook on display at my desk
at the Franklin Institute, full of mi-
croscope illustrations of sponge
spicules and algae. That’s why I am
proud to be a marine scientist who
continues to work with the Science
in the Summer program as a full-
time science educator at the Frank-
lin Institute, and through my years
as a science communication fellow
with the Ocean Exploration Trust
and Nautilus Live.
Whether growing up on the Cal-
ifornia coast, in a Midwestern town
or in an urban center like Philadel-
phia, all children deserve access to
programs like GSK Science in the
Summer.
They are the future of sea tech-
nology and marine sciences—we
just have to give them the tools. ST
September 2019 | ST 41
septemberadvertiser index
AMT Analysenmesstechnik Klein Marine Systems, Inc.................................................................33
GmbH...........................................................................................31 www.KleinMarineSystems.com
www.amt-gmbh.com
Ocean Sensor Systems, Inc. ..............................................................32
Blueprint Subsea...............................................................................34 www.oceansensorsystems.com
www.blueprintsubsea.com
*RJE International, Inc. .......................................................................28
Copenhagen Subsea A/S ...................................................................39 www.rjeint.com
www.copenhagensubsea.com
Remote Ocean Systems (ROS) ..........................................................35
Euromaritime 2020.............................................................................2 www.rosys.com
www.euromaritime.fr
SBG Systems S.A.S........................................................................3, 13
*EvoLogics GmbH..............................................................................43 www.sbg-systems.com
www.evologics.de
Saab Seaeye Limited...........................................................................8
*Falmat Cable ....................................................................................29 www.seaeye.com
www.falmat.com Sea-Bird Scientific ............................................................................44
*J.W. Fishers Mfg. Inc.........................................................................27 www.seabird.com
www.jwfishers.com SubCtech GmbH ..............................................................................30
General Oceanics, Inc......................................................................28 www.subCtech.com
www.generaloceanics.com *Subsalve USA Division .....................................................................31
*Geometrics, Inc..................................................................................6 www.subsalve.com
www.geometrics.com Sustainable Ocean Summit (SOS) ....................................................26
https://www.sustainableoceansummit.org
*Instruments, Inc................................................................................37
www.instrumentsinc.com TSK America, Inc..............................................................................17
www.tsk-jp.com
International Federation
of Hydrographic Societies...............................................................30 Teledyne Marine.................................................................................5
www.hydrographicsociety.org www.teledynemarine.com/webb-research/
International Water Conference (IWC)..............................................36 Tritech International Ltd....................................................................21
https://eswp.com/water/overview www.tritech.co.uk

*For more information, consult the digital 2019 Sea Technology Buyers Guide/Directory: http://stbuyersguide e.epubxp.com

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42 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com

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44 ST | September 2019 www.sea-technology.com