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IN A PLANT NURSERY
IMPORTANCE OF STOCK KEEPING IN A PLANT NURSERY
Effective Stock management is a critical process for plant growers to ensure Healthy, Importance of
Stock, customer satisfaction, and efficient operations. When done correctly, it can help reduce costs
and maximize profits. In this guide to inventory management for Growers, Nurseries, and related
sector, we will discuss the importance of inventory management in the plant grower industry as well
as the benefits of using nursery management. By the end of this guide, you will have a better
understanding of how inventory management can help your plant-growing succeed.
Inventory management, while not necessarily a fun topic, is a crucial element in determining a
nursery profitability. If a nursery cannot make a profit, it will soon cease to be able to produce more
plants. Therefore, inventory management is very important for our industry.
Accurate Tracking of Stock Levels
A proper inventory management system enables commercial plant growers
to accurately estimate potential sales inventory and track stock levels,
ensuring that they never run out of product. This is crucial for ensuring
that customer orders are fulfilled on time and making sure there is enough
product in stock to meet demand.
Increased Efficiency
A properly managed inventory system means that there is no unnecessary waste, as products are
only ordered when needed and supplies are never overstocked. This increased efficiency leads to
cost savings and higher customer satisfaction levels.
Reduced Costs
As mentioned, effective inventory management reduces
the costs associated with excess inventory, such as
storage and handling costs. It also reduces the costs
associated with stock shortages, such as rush
shipping fees and lost sales.
Maximized Profits
Effective inventory management helps greenhouses
nurseries, and commercial plant growers maximize
their profits by ensuring that they have the right
products in stock to meet customer demand.
It also helps growers minimize waste by reducing
the amount of unsold inventory that must be discarded.
Improved Customer Satisfaction
Having the right products in stock ensures that customers can purchase what they need when they
need it. This increases customer satisfaction, which leads to repeat business and positive word-of-
mouth marketing.
The Process of Inventory Management for Commercial
Plant Growers
Inventory management is an essential part of any commercial plant grower’s business. It helps to
ensure that there is enough product in stock to meet customer demand and minimize the costs
associated with excess inventory or stock shortages. In this section, we will look at the process of
inventory management for commercial plant growers, from determining your inventory needs to
monitoring and adjusting your plant materials and inventory management strategies.
he following is an example of the LIFO inventory costing method (assume the following inventory of
Product XX is on hand and purchased on the following dates).
Each and every corner of the nursery should well be connected with a road or path.
Roads should be wide enough, minimum 3 m wide to ply trucks, tractors, bullock drivenboggies
etc.
Paths should be wide enough, minimum 2 m wide to ply the wheel barrows, hand charts, small
hand tractor, and trolleys and for leisure walks of customers who come for making purchases.
The area of the nursery should be divided into different sections/ sectors/ portions like timber
section, rose section, annual flower section, indoor plant section, vegetable section,
fruit/grapevine plant section and main sections may further be divided in to sub-sections like
ornamental and flowering tree’s section, creeper section, shrub’s section, bougainvillea
section, succulents and cactus section and so on.
This type of division will facilitate better supervision, specialization of staff and better
accounting besides high impression on the mind of customer, nursery being run by qualified
person on scientific lines.
Proper office of the manager and staff with proper seating arrangement, sale counter attached
with modern seed store, chemical room, fertilizer room etc. should be located at the main
entrance of the nursery with a spacious well protected, shady parking lot.
This area should be beautifully landscaped and there should be an area for displaying sample
plant material put for sale, at the entrance. However, there should be different stores for tools
and implements, stationary and other items of day to day use, in different sections/ sector.
Mother Block is the primary source of commercial propagating materials to be used in the
production of certified(true-to-type, pathogen-free, standard quality) materials/plants.
Mother block is originated from basic category plants (white label) which are strictly true-to-
type as variety/clone, pathogen-free and properly labeled that indicates botanical name, family
name, local name etc. for proper identification.
40-50 % of the total nursery area should be kept reserved under mother plants.
Mother Block is maintained permanently under rigid sanitary control.
Criteria for Selection of Mother(Base) Plants
1. Mother plants should be vigorous, healthy and high yielding. It should have a regular bearing
habit.
2.Itshouldbe free from pests, diseases and viruses.
3. The mother plants must necessarily be genetically pure and superior in quality. They must be
obtained from Registered Farms, Agriculture Universities or Government Nurseries.
4. The purchase receipt of mother plant shouldbe preserved to prove the origin and authenticity
of the mother plants.
5. Mother plants should be selected corresponding to the regional demand of the nursery
plants.
6.Ornamental mother plants are planted under protected conditions either under shade net or
semi-shade conditions.
Packing area should be near to office to enable better supervision while packing the plants for
dispatch. An open area and an underground water tank is a must, besides the adequate space
for storing empty cartons, baskets and other packing materials.
Stock Rotation
Well managed stock plants help meet the demand for reliable and timely supplies of high quality
propagation material and enable nurserymen to exercise quality control from the start of the
production process. This factsheet considers the main elements of successful stock plant
management.
Pests and diseases occur on nurseries because cultivated plants are more susceptible than their
wild relatives. Growing large numbers of the same species close together can encourage disease-
causing organisms and pests to establish and spread rapidly.
Many plants are specifically bred for their foliage and flowers rather than disease resistance, and
commercial crop production can create environmental conditions that favour particular pathogens
and/or pests.
Infectious organisms are part of the environment. The management of some crops, particularly
those for same season sales, can lead to stress and susceptibility. Understanding the crop that you
are growing — the normal growth habits and the normal variability of plants — will help you to
recognise unusual conditions as early as possible.
An effective hygiene programme is important to succeed in growing plants profitably. Successful
hygiene management is based on accurately diagnosing any problem that may occur and its cause
as well as having some knowledge of the pest/pathogen and its life cycle.
Understanding the effects of the environment on crops and their potential pest/pathogen is essential.
Being able to evaluate the cost and practicability of any actions taken is also important.
Reducing problems on-site
Nursery hygiene is the principal means of reducing pest/pathogen introduction and has the ability to
reduce the most difficult-to-control problems. It is more cost-effective to prevent pathogens from
being introduced into the production cycle than attempting to suppress diseases in infected plants.
All activities should be aimed at eliminating or reducing the amount of disease/pest present in the
environment and preventing their spread to healthy plants. An effective programme needs to fit well
with your nursery situation and has the ability to change through the entire production cycle
according to environmental conditions.
• Physical disorders.
• Pathogen build-up on dead or dying plants.
• Carry-over and spread of pests/pathogens on tools, benches, pots and hoses.
• Carry-over and spread of pests/pathogens from one crop to another.
• Contamination of healthy plants with infested soil/water and contamination of clean pots, growing
media and so on.Well-spaced crops in appropriately ventilated protected structures can reduce
Botrytis, downy mildew, leaf spot and rust infections. This is also true of subirrigation, where
possible.
• Clean trays, pots, benches and floors can reduce weed seedling re-emergence as well as
Rhizoctonia, Pythium, Phytophthora, Fusarium and Sclerotinia. Clean water, well-drained growing
media, healthy stock plants and removing debris will reduce the risk of
Pythium, Phytophthora, Fusarium, viruses, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, mildews, rust and Botrytis.
Five key control methods
Exclusion Making sure plants, seeds and cuttings are free from pests and pathogens; maintaining a
disinfection regime; limiting the number of people handling stock; taking strong healthy cuttings;
avoiding water splash; treating irrigation water; controlling weeds around growing areas; checking
new plant sources thoroughly — set up a quarantine area if unsure. Take the time to learn what a
real plant passport should look like and what information it should contain.
Protection Uniform, timely applications of pesticides, ringing the changes to avoid resistance;
knowing when a pest/pathogen is likely to attack; growing resistant cultivars where possible and
biological controls where appropriate.
Prevention Prevent conditions that favour infection, disease development and pest attack; keep leaf
surfaces dry, avoid over-watering; use growing media with good drainage; clean up growing areas
and keep a routine going even if no pest/pathogen is present.
Eradication Through chemical application. Observe techniques and timing when applying products;
remove dead/diseased plant parts; rotate crops; plant green manures. Monitoring Conduct this
throughout the year and step it up to three-day intervals during the growing season to enable the
designated crop walker/spray team member to stay in touch with what is happening on the nursery
and identify problems early on. Check systems — irrigation, fertiliser regimes, etc — and carry out
an environmental assessment to record weather, temperatures, irrigation applications, etc.
Train staff to be able to easily identify the key pests and diseases that can attack the crops you
grow. Use a combination of experienced staff and BASIS-registered advisers to carry out this
training. When an issue arises, approach it in this order and ask: "What can we do to change
things culturally, environmentally, biologically — predators, parasitoids, biorationals — and,
lastly, chemically using selective pesticides?"
• A large number of weed types can act as alternative hosts when a vulnerable crop is not
present, particularly for aphids, whitefly, rusts and powdery mildews.
• Use a hand lens to accurately identify the pests and diseases attacking a crop. This is
particularly important when checking for spider mites and the life stages present on foliage,
where successful control depends on applying the right predators and/or the right selective
pesticides to target the right life stages for successful control.
• For fungicides applied to control diseases such as powdery mildew, a check must be carried
out a few days post-spraying to see whether the product is working well. This cannot be
done accurately enough with the naked eye, especially where the disease is attacking plants
that have tight foliage.
• All corrective actions need to be quickly implemented to minimise plant damage and losses.
A timely programme is always better than a knee-jerk reaction.
Stock Management Best Practices
a number of operations are required to get the stock to the planting site or to the interim
storage facilities. These operations are critical to the success of the project and must be
carried out carefully not only to ensure that the planting stock arrives in excellent condition but
also to ensure that the contract itself runs as smoothly as possible. The following sections
outline the procedures for thawing, storage, handling, and transportation of stock.
The goal of handling, storage, and transportation is to ensure that the growth potential, present
when a seedling is lifted at the nursery, is maintained until it is planted in the field.
Just as in other workplaces, those employees who work in a garden centre face risks to their health
and safety from numerous different sources.
A garden centre will typically not be thought of as a particularly high risk environment in which to
work; that is, when considered against other workplaces such as chemical plants . It is easy for
managers - and the employees themselves - to think that risks to their health do not exist, or do not
need to be taken as seriously.
MANUAL HANDLING
Just like the checkout operators at a nursery who have to handle loads, or those moving stock
around from the storage area to the shelves, garden centre workers will also encounter manual
handling issues.
Not only do garden centres sell plants and flowers, but they will also sell a whole range of other
equipment, accessories, large bags of compost etc. Many of these items will be heavy and
awkward to move and manipulate, meaning there is a high risk of manual handling injuries such as
pulled muscles, sprains, strains, possible dislocation, and back problems, which is one of the most
common reasons for sickness absence from the workplace.
A combination of manual handling training and the provision of equipment such as trolleys and lifting
aids will help to reduce the chances of workers suffering from one of these conditions and having to
take time off work.
A comprehensive risk assessment may also show the need for making changes to the workplace or
certain processes, for example situating heavy equipment nearer to the stockroom so that staff do
not have to move it so far, or locate it on a lower shelf rather than having to lift it up to a higher one.
CONCLUSION
The examples mentioned above are just some of the many risks to health that are present in a
garden centre and highlight that, whilst it may not be the first workplace that springs to mind when
thinking of dangerous jobs, there are still numerous health and safety issues that need to be
considered. These considerations are both a legal requirement and from the viewpoint of the
welfare/morale of employees.
A combination of risk assessments, common sense, and increased awareness through health and
safety courses for managers and for employees can help to tackle those issues, and create a safe
working environment for staff and customers alike.
1. Be aware of biosecurity threats Make sure you and your production nursery workers are familiar
with the most important exotic production nursery pest threats. Conduct a biosecurity induction
session to explain required hygiene practices for people, equipment and vehicles on your property.
2. Use only clean, pest-free and preferably certified, production nursery inputs Ensure pests and
other contaminants do not enter your property with production nursery inputs, such as growing
media, fertiliser and propagation material. Purchase these only from reputable suppliers, preferably
with NIASA accreditation or Bio Secure HACCP certification. Keep records of all nursery inputs.
3. Keep it clean Practicing good sanitation and hygiene will help prevent the entry and movement of
pests onto your property. Workers, visitors, vehicles, raw material and equipment can spread pests,
so make sure they are decontaminated, or have come from a clean source, before entering and
leaving your property. Have a designated visitor’s area and provide vehicle and personnel
disinfecting facilities.
4. Check your production nursery Monitor your crops and raw materials frequently. Knowing the
usual appearance of the plants in your production nursery will help you recognise new or unusual
events and pests. Keep written and photographic records of all unusual observations. Constant
vigilance is vital for early detection of any exotic plant pest threat.
5. Abide by the law Respect and be aware of laws and regulations established to protect the nursery
production industry, Australian agriculture and your region.
6. Report anything unusual If you suspect a new pest – report it immediately.
Plant Security
Protecting your garden with fencing, hostile hedging, security lighting, cameras and locked gates will
help to keep your plants safe but you may to wish to give additional protection to especially
treasured plants. Plant anchors can be used to protect valuable specimens. Also try putting a layer
of chicken wire under the surface of the soil when planting to prevent plants from being removed.
Plant pots can be chained and padlocked through the drainage hole.
THE END