Environmental Institute of Malaysia (E¢MAS) Department of Environment, Malaysia TRAINING COURSE MODULE FOR CERTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONAL IN SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT (CePSWaM) MODULE 1 Overview of Scheduled Waste Management IDES : FOR PARTICIPANTS _ 3 ] ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA(EMAS) = | Kampus Universi Kebangsaan Beg Berkunci No. 24, 4300 UK Selangor, MALAYSIA Tol: +603-89261500 Fax: +61 peCOURSE FOR CERTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONAL IN SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT (CePSWaM) Bn MODULE 1: Overview of Scheduled Waste Management Mismanagement of Hazardous Wastes Definition of Scheduled Wastes Principles of Scheduled Wastes Management The Relevant Environmental LegislationsPX U UR een et totale eR participants will be able to, briefly: Describe the adverse impact to human being and the environment ue to the mismanagement of toxic and hazardous wastes Describe the definition of hazardous wastes Describe the principle of “cradle to cradle” Describe waste management hierarchy Identify and classify toxic and hazardous wastes Identify relevant Malaysian & International laws that related to toxic and hazardous wastes management i MISMANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTESWHAT WILL HAPPEN IF TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTES ARE NOT , PROPERLY MANAGED? POLLUTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT * River, sea, groundwater polluted, Fish/ aquatic life/ marine life affected. Drinking water source polluted. Aesthetic value affected.diseases, contaminated soil. Q Miscarriage. O Cancer. Internal organs damage. cei tat) ‘CLEAN-UP AND ‘OSAL COSTS © Increase in cost for the clean-up of hazardous wastes. © Increase in cost for the disposal of hazardous wastes.EXAMPLES OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES ADMISSION INTO HUMAN & ENVIRONMENT Bioaccumulation aetna | Inston mm i a moeee Ny = : 4 MISMANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS, WASTES -~ Lead Poisoning ‘Sources of lead pollution ] Environmental Paints, ses, chemical and pesticide indie, contamination by toxic. paectonine. ‘substances from waste or sefeons rome stem etere other source has along els of hear cal leadin he boty history. ‘including the heart, bones, Ut seems that many § wealthy Roman suffered from lead poisoning two millennia ago, due to lead-induced psychoses among emperors.MISMANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES - Love Canal, New York Love Canal, Now York, USA. = Not useful as a canal, the Love canal was sealed off at both ends and used in the 1940s and 1950s, as hazardous waste disposal site. = Between 1942 and 1953, Hooker Chemical dumped nearly 22,000 tonnes of various chemical wastes including dioxins. MISMANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES - Love Canal, New York oN The site later was sold to Niagara 6 hore p, 3) Falls and built school and quickly 7 “tal\ surrounded by hundreds of homes. ‘ In 1970s people began experiencing chemically induced health problems. A medical emergency was declared in 1978 when a school and homes built on the dump site lead to various public health complaints including miscarriages. ”"Houses built over a chemical dumpsite in ~ Love Canal, New York, U.S.A. “The creation ofthe Comprehensive Enviconmental Response, Compensation, and Liabilty ‘Act, more commonly known as the ‘Superfund law: Its sim is fo collect taxes from gas and ‘chemical corporations to be used directly to lean up ary sites similar te the Love Canal, The Love Canal Incident/ Tragedy egMISMANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES - Minamata Incident, Japan Minamata Incident Lis _ © Organic forms of mercury = such as methyl mercury having caused hundreds of cases of paralysis and sensory loss along Minamata Bay in Japan. © Methyl mercury from chemical plant was discharged and then bio-accumulated in shellfish and taken up in the food chain of community. a MISMANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES - Minamata Incident, Japan Minamata disease was first discovered in Minamata city in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan, in 1956. twas caused by the release of methyimercury in the industrial ‘wastewater from the Chisso Corporation's chemical factory, which continued from 1932 to 1968. This highly toxic chemical bioaccumulated in shelfish and fish in Minamata Bay and the Shiranui Sea, which, when eaten by the local populace, resulted in meroury poisoning,* Minamata disease sometimes referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. ¥ * Symptoms include ataxia, numbness, in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, loss of peripheral vision, and damage to hearing and speech. In | extreme cases, insanity, paralysis, coma, and death follow within weeks of the onset of ‘symptoms. A congenital form of the disease can also affect foetuses in the womb. MISMANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES - Itai-Itai Disease Itai-Itai Disease * Ita:-itai disease - mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. The term "itai- itai disease" was coined by locals for the severe pains victims felt in the spine and joints. = Cadmium poisoning can also cause softening of the bones and kidney failure. ® The cadmium was released into rivers by mining companies in the mountains, which were successfully sued for the damage. Itai-itai disease is known as one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan. " Lente Aipeheenepeerrinre—reemee—ssstnesnensndllMISMANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS: WASTES - Itai-Itai Disease MISMANAGEMENT OF HAZAR' SS Four Major Pollution Lawsuits Minamata Disease "| Chisse Corp. Plant? wins Ina, Mitsui Kinzoku | Plaintiff wins __|in 1972 . ow Denko: Plaintiff wins ry a in 1971 Yokkaichi Asthma fitsubishi Plaintiff wins (air pollution by petrochemicals) | Pewochemicals ete _|in 1972MISMANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES Video Presentations + Minamata Incident + Love Canal Incident * Oil Pollution MISMANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS. WASTES. Malaysian Cases r In March 1995, 41 drums of Potassium Cyanide (KCN) from a Penang chemical firm was found dumped on Pangkor Island, i oy Sta Statens 5MISMANAGEMENT, OF HAZARD! WASTES Malaysian Cases * In June 2004, 12,000 tonnes of toxic wastes (mainly , copper oxide from copper plating) from Taiwan was found at a brick making factory in Johor. » “A Taiwanese company was reported to have falsified documents to export the material containing a high percentage of copper, which if haphazardly stored or disposed of, could have a grave long-term impact on the environment.” (Source: The Star, 21 December 2004) 2 MISMANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS Ses Malaysian Cases + In January 2006, ammonia leaked from 300 tonnes of aluminium oxide wastes illegally dumped in Labis, Johor. + Aluminum compounds have many commercial uses and are commonly found in industry. + Many of these materials are active chemically and thus exhibit dangerous toxic and reactive properties. Inhalation of fine aluminium oxide particles is associated with Shaver's disease, a condition characterized by cough, shortness of breath, a combined obstructive and restrictive breathing pattern, and impairment of diffusing capacity. (Sax, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials)Megal Dumping of Aluminium Dross ‘Aluminium dross Kangkar Tebrau, Johor Bahru fecycling is where the dross, a by-product of the smelting process in| the creation of aluminium from bauxite, can be mechanically recycled thus separating the residual aluminium metal from the aluminium oxide. Tied oszes, Memo) Peels; CHEMICAL EXPOSURE ROUTES & 2. Direct Contact with Skin (Absorption) 3, Ingestion see ~4, Injection Theres wor acremist = canerterthe ta Pathways of Asbestos + Exposure to asbestos fibers aceurs through ingestion, skin contact and Inhalation ec foe Secu Gres aDEFINITION OF WASTES & SCHEDULED WASTES N \ | \ | TOXIC AND SCHEDULED | HAZARDOUS WASTE WASTE (in Malaysia) 2DEFINITION OF WASTE INTERNATIONAL DEFINITIONS + “substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of national law” + “an object the holder discards, intends to discard or is required to discard." Pas SU ons. W NNN) » DEFINITION OF WAS “waste” includes any matter prescribed to be scheduled waste, or any matter whether ina solid, semi-solid or liquid form, or in the form of gas or vapour which is emitted, discharged or deposited in the environment in such volume, composition or manner as to cause pollution. (Environmental Quality Act, 1974) 3s"scheduled wastes” means any |waste prescribed by the Minister “in the regulations as scheduled wastes; (Environmental Quality Act,1974) “scheduled wastes" means any waste falling within the categories of waste listed in the First Schedule; (Environmentel ‘Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005, PRINCIPLES OF SCHEDULED WASTES MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIAtransporter Waste transporter Scheduled Wastes Management Scheduled Waste aa Waste transporter Waste transporter Waste transporter Way Forward — Scheduled Wastes Management ‘CRADLE TO CRADLE” PRINGIP Scheduled Wasto | transporter Cradle ‘Bisposal focty | GravePRINCIPLE OF ‘FROM CRADLE TO GRAVE IN SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT The components of the principle of “Cradle to Grave” are: “Waste treatment and disposal facilities (occupier of prescribed premises), PRINCIPLE OF ‘FROM CRADLE TO CRADLE IN| SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT The components of the principle of “Cradle to Cradle are: Waste Waste Waste generator contractor receiver (transporter) | (reuse, reutilize, co- processing) aReduce or minimise the ‘generation of wastes at source Re-use or recycle wastes whenever possible ) Send wastes for reuse, reutilization co-processing Render wastes innocuous before disposal Dispose wastes only at approved facilities 2 8. Provide information of each category of wastes to be delivered to the contractor. 7. Provide inventory of scheduled wastes generated 9. Give the information to | 10. Complete Part | of the the contractor upon Consignment Note for the delivery of the waste to transportation of wastes him: out from premiseWaste Generator 11, Store wastes in appropriate containers »_/ | 12. Store waste containers in a designated © | storage area 13. Mark containers with proper labels || 14.Ensure that all his employees involved in =__ handling wastes attend training programmes. | Establish an emergency response procedures in order to contain enillage/ accidental discharge Provide technical expertise and ~e supporting assistanca in any clean-up ‘operation a* 1, Register with the approved waste treatment and disposal facilities for transportation of wastes. * 2.Complete Part II of the Consignment Note 2 PRINCIPLE OF ‘FROM CRADEE|TO CRADLE/GRAVE’ IN TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 3. Use the designated routes. 4. Ensure the vehicles used for transportation are safe for delivery. 5. Ensure that wastes reach the y treatment and Waste Contractor disposal facility safely.1) Cv wibsta Velaro Cont) ee eS AQ cai Waste Contractor » 6. Apply whatever is practicable to contain, cleanse or abate the spill or accidental discharge and to recover ‘substances in the spill or accidental discharge. 7.Undertake studies to determine the impact of the spillage or accidental discharge on the environment. YS PRINCIPLE OF ‘FROM CRADLE TO. CRADLE/GRAVE! IN TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS, WASTE MANAGEMENT. Waste Treatment and Disposal Facitity/ Waste Receiver -reuse, reutilization, co-processing 1, Obiain licence from the Department of Environment as required under EQA 1974 and Environmental Qualty(Prescribed Premises) (Scheduled Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities) Regulations 1989 (Amendment) 2008 and Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Scheduled Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities) Order 1989 (Amendment) 2006 hyperink sw Uutzaton AE iAuieipeseisinnemavuanie) felsYUnyel=tferd Asal Ko) Coe len Va PILES) NVSee EN eaniant Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility’ Waste Receiver —reuse, reutilization, co-processing 2. Comply fully with the regulations:- - Environmental Quality(Presoribed Premises) (Scheduled Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities) Regulations 1989 (Amendment) 2006 - Environmental Quality(Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005 PRINCIPLE OF ‘FROM CRADLE TO CRADLE/GRAVE IN TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS ASHES NE Ne AS Sa Waste Treatment and Disposal Fa Waste Receiver reuse, rou! ity! ization, co-processing 4, Establish an ‘emergency response procedures in order to ‘contain and clean-up spillage or accidental discharge 3.Comply fully with the license conditionsFRING Balepane kes! wuaiie) CRADLE/GRAVE' IN TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS, WASTE MANAGEMENT. Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility/ Waste Receiver —reuse, reutilization, co-processing + Complete Part Ill of the Consignment Note ————__ = _/{ + Conduct research to improve the efficiency of the waste treatment and | disposal methods. Waste Management Hierarchy ”Pollution Prevention Hierarchy at Prevention Reduce ‘0D 0) UI Pollution y Prevention Recycle \ / waste Management Treatment & \_/ Control & Disposal Disposal Way Forward of Wastes Management Based on Wastes Management Hierarchy Provention/Reduction1. Waste Reduction Can quantity of waste produced be minimized? 2.Reusel Reutiliza- tion! Recover! eae Aaa, Recyeling nature of pel Disposal Can waste waste be reused need to be jor recycled? reduced? 3, Treatment Pa through the Commitment from the management Improve quality control and process monitoring following methods: Establish Waste Reduction Policy Apply the concept of " waste. exchange" with another plant WASTE MINIMIZATION’ A waste generator shall take measures to reduce/ minimize the generation of scheduled wastes Usage of environmentally friendly raw materials Good housekeepingIdentification and Classification of Scheduled Wastes IDENTIFICATION AND) CLASSIFICATION OF SCHEDULED. (Gis + Procedure of determining whether a specific IDENTIFICATION? —_waste from an industrial source or process is scheduled waste. + Procedure used to specify the CLASSIFICATION? classification of waste and wastes codeIDENTIFICATION OF SCHEDULED WW/STi=) ~ Identifying Razardous or scheduled wastes require a cerain degres of professional Knowledge knowledge about the processes thet generate wastes, and the physical and ehemical characteristics of the wastes. : + Most waste generators have the Experience |“ tinonledgs sad experience toldentiy hasardous or schodules waste corey, 77a provide comecl waste catagory codes and Proper and consistent | laboling for waste generated and fo ensure identification process of | _ the success of the waste management hazardous or scheduled | programme, wastes is essential to all | To ensure health and safety of workers and industries: facilities during handling and storage of wastes. ‘onTs IDENTIFICATION OF SCHEDULED. Set * Determination and identification of hazardous or scheduled wastes: + By definition ~ Listing of waste streams or contaminants — A specific industrial waste streams or specific contaminants may be listed in the Schedule of Waste Regulations because the wastes present potential hazard to human or the environment, + Meeting certain criteria — exhibits hazardous properties and characteristics. A waste may be tested for ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity and toxicity. + Analysis of hazardous composition/constituents. our srIDENTIFICATION OF SCHEDULED WASTES * Malaysia provides listing of _ hazardous (scheduled) wastes, In. the Schedule of the nvironmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005 based on industrial waste streams as hazardous industrial wastes, and contaminants in the commercial products as acute hazardous and hazardous wasie chemicals. * They are listed because they typically exhibit one or more of hazardous characteristics or because they contain contaminants that are known to be toxic or hazardous to human health and the environment. ours IDENTIFICATION OF SCHEDULED. NS Waste generators are responsible to determine whether the wastes they generate are hazardous/scheduled wastes by thorough review of their industrial processes and operations. Itis necessary to understand the definition of hazardous wastes and how the materials may become scheduled wastes. more te onts9IDENTIFICATION OF SCHEDULED. WASTES’ * Need to identify scheduled waste because: ~ To determine whether the waste is defined as a toxic and hazardous waste and to manage it properly + To assist waste generators in identifying all wastes that are generated, treated, stored or sent off-site for recycling, energy recovery or disposal + To ensure that generation, transportation, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes are conducted in a manner that protect human health and the environment. onreo The Relevant Environmental Legislations 8Environmental Quality Figcheduled Wastes)” act fore ogulations 2005 —— Environmantal Quaity Environiment Quality (Prescribed (Prescribed Premises)(Scheduled Conveyance) Wastes Treatment and | ~~ | (Scheduled Wastes) Disposal Faciitios) Order 2005 Regulations 1989 (Amendment) 2006 __|- = Environmental Quality (Prescribed Environmental Quality fomises)(Scheduled | | (Preserlbod Acdviies) | —__. Wastes Treatment and | | (Environmental Impact Disposal Facilities) ‘Assossment) Order ‘Order 1989 ‘2015 (Amendment) 2006 e PP neeen Menvee Under Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005, a scheduled waste is defined as: s—— 1g within the categories of the First Schedule” “Any waste fall wastes listed 3INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT BASEL CONVENTION ON THE CONTROL OF TRANBOUNDARY MOVEMENTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND THEIR DISPOSAL + 116 Countries adopted the Convention + Malaysia ratified the Convention& PRINCIPLES OF THE || “2D |" BASEL CONVENTION ‘hestmntensaesne-sstnenmnnnnenenteetensensenanensantsenmenielt + Hazardous waste should be disposed of in the State where it is generated + Trans-boundary movement of hazardous wastes should be permitted only when the transport and ultimate disposal of such waste is environmentally sound. + Prior written consent and notification must be implemented by the exporting state to the importing and transit states + The exporter should re-import the waste if for some reason the shipment of waste is not successful LIST OF HAZARDOUS WASTES UNDER THE BASEL CONVENTION ¥ For intent and purpose of the Regulations, identification, characterization and classification of scheduled wastes are based on the similarities of the Basel Convention, the USEPA, the California Code of Regulations and the European Community methodologies. “ v The listing of scheduled wastes has similarities with the lists in Annex |, Annex Il and Annex Vill List A of the Basel Convention eoCOUNTRIES WHICH ARE NOT PARTIES TO BASEL CONVENTION ON THE CONTROL OF TRANBOUNDARY MOVEMENTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND THEIR DISPOSAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TAIWAN Thank you wwndoe.govmy