Name: Jonica Iris B.

Bolina Sec: E Date: 10/15/2023

Topic: Electrophoresis

I. Draw and label the steps in Gel Electrophoresis as discussed in the Lecture. (50 Points)

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 II. Discuss the three different methods of Electrophoresis and how they differ from each
other. (25 points)

1. Gel Electrophoresis
- Gel Electrophoresis is a method used for the separation, detection, visualization and
purification of biomolecules typically DNA, RNA, or proteins using an electric field
applied to a gel matrix. It relies on the principle of electrophoresis, where charged
particles move in response to an applied electric field. It is used to separate DNA
fragments according to their size. It is used to visualize, measure the size of DNA
fragments and even identify contaminants from the PCR test and DNA cloning or
Recombinant Technology. It is used to assess the right gene base pair that would be
applied. The gel matrix provides resistance to the movement of molecules under the
force of an electric current such as Agarose and Polyacrylamide. Gel electrophoresis acts
as a strainer because the rate of migration is determined by the size and charge of the
molecules through a gel matrix subjected to an electric field.

2. Capillary Electrophoresis
- Capillary Electrophoresis is a technique that segregates charged molecules by exploiting
their distinctive rates of movement in an electric field, which is determined by both their
charge and size. It relies on the principle of electrophoresis, where charged particles
move in response to an applied electric field. The capillary is made up of negatively
charged fused silica which forms an electrical double layer with cations in the running
buffer, it is generated by dissociation of hydroxyl ions from the molecules of silicone. The
size and charge of the particles affect how quickly they migrate; small and negative
charges migrate quickly, while large and positive charges migrate slowly. Results
gathered by detectors in capillary electrophoresis instruments can be automatically
analyzed by analytical software programs.

3. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

- Agarose Gel Electrophoresis also relies on the principle of electrophoresis, where
charged particles move in response to an applied electric field. It is also used for the
separation and analysis of DNA and RNA molecules or proteins based on their size.
Agarose is prepared by dissolving agarose in an appropriate buffer, it can come in
hydrated or powdered form. Since it is simpler to store than the hydrated form, the
powdered form is the one that is most frequently used in laboratories. The size of the
spaces in the gel are determined by the concentration of agarose; smaller DNA
fragments require a higher concentration of agarose, while larger fragments require a
lower concentration. While very low agarose concentrations result in a weak gel that is
easily broken, high agarose concentrations will obstruct migration.
Student’s Name: Jonica Iris B. Bolina Date: 10/15/2023

BEGINNING DEVELOPING ACCOMPLISHE EXEMPLARY

CRITERIA 1 2 D 4 SCORE
3
I. Drawing and Labelling (50 points)

II. Essay and Discussion (25 points)

LEGIBILITY Handwritten Handwritten Handwritten Handwritten

(5 points) work is work is work is work is
illegible and/or slightly understandable clearly written
with more than 5 unreadable with only 1-2 with no spelling
spelling errors. and/or with 3-5 spelling errors. errors.
spelling errors.
NEATNESS Output disorga Output is slig Outp is ne a Output is neat
(4 points) is with nized disorga wi htl ut at n and organized
more than nized th y organ wit d with no orfew
erasures 10 erasure 6- ized h 3- minimal erasures.
. s. 10 erasu 5
res.
PUNCTUAL Output was Output was Output was Output is
ITY submitted submitted 4-7 submitted 1-3 submitted on
(4 points ) more than a week days late. days late. time.
late.
ABILITY TO Was not able to Was not able to Followed most Followed all the
FOLLOW follow the given follow most of of the given given instructions
INSTRUCTI instructions at the given instructions with perfectly.
ONS all. instructions. a few technical
(4 points) errors.
DEMONST Insensitive to Most often Sometimes Sensitive to the
RATES the needs of the insensitive to insensitive to needs of the
CONCERN people around the needs of the the needs of the people around
FOR him/her as well people around people around him/her as well
OTHERS as those with him/her as well him/her as well as those with
(4 points) gender, ethnic, as those with as those with gender, ethnic,
or gender, ethnic, gender, ethnic, or
cultural issues. or cultural issues. or cultural issues. cultural issues.
OVER-ALL Overall output Overall output Overall output Overall output
PRESENTA submitted is poor submitted is submitted is submitted is
TION and/or unsatisfactory satisfactory exemplary
(4 points) incomplete. and/or and and
slightly complete. complete.
incomplete.
Highest Possible Score: 100
points