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LESSON Cell Structure

The document discusses the basic units of life, cells, describing their key components and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It explains that all living things are made of cells, which are the basic functional units, and that cells contain organelles that allow them to carry out life processes like metabolism, transport, and waste removal. The two main types of cells are prokaryotic cells, which are simpler bacterial cells lacking organelles, and eukaryotic cells, which are more complex cells containing membrane-bound organelles.

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Ahnim Nim
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35 views22 pages

LESSON Cell Structure

The document discusses the basic units of life, cells, describing their key components and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It explains that all living things are made of cells, which are the basic functional units, and that cells contain organelles that allow them to carry out life processes like metabolism, transport, and waste removal. The two main types of cells are prokaryotic cells, which are simpler bacterial cells lacking organelles, and eukaryotic cells, which are more complex cells containing membrane-bound organelles.

Uploaded by

Ahnim Nim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Cells:

The Basic Units of Life


Size of Living Things

1 m = 100 cm = 1,000mm = 1,000,000 µm = 1,000,000,000nm


1mm = 1000 µm = 1000000nm
1 µm = 1000nm
Click link for an interactive
“Size of Microscopic Things””
animation on Cells Alive.
From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
Old School 5 Kingdom classification of
organisms

Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes
From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Phylogenetic Tree, Wiki
The Cell Theory
1. All organisms are made of cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all
living things.
3. All cells come from existing cells.

THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT SHOWS THAT


ALL LIVING THINGS SHARE A SIMILAR
STRUCTURE
Two Types of Cells

All cells, whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have


some common features
Organelles

Organelles are structures that enable


the cell to live, grow and reproduce.
Two Types of Cells

Prokaryotic Cells:
• Have no membrane
covered nucleus
• Have no membrane
- covered organelles
• Have circular DNA
• Are bacteria
Two Types of Cells
Eukaryotic Cells:
• Have a nucleus
• Have a membrane -
covered organelles
• Have linear DNA
• Are all other cells
Organelles

Organelles are structures that enable


the cell to live, grow and reproduce.
Cell Membrane
• Outer layer of cell
• Referred also as plasma,
cytoplasmic or cellular
• Allows nutrients into the cell
and wastes outside of the
cell

“Gate into the


city” Cell Membrane
The Nucleus
Chromosomes • The control
center of the
cell
• Contains the
Cell’s DNA
Nucleoplasm

Nuclear Membrane
“Mayor’s office”
Cytoplasm

• Cytoplasm a
jelly-like fluid
contained in
the cell that
holds the
organelles.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Transportation
system of cell
• Rough ER-
ribosome's
attached
• Smooth ER- no
Ribosomes ribosome's

“Roadways of the cell”


Ribosomes
• Site where
proteins are
made
• Cell parts are
made of
proteins “Factories of the
cell”
Golgi Complex
• Packaging house of
cell
• Packages,
processes, and
ships out the
stuff the cell
makes

“UPS of the cell”


Lysosomes
• Digests food
particles and cell
parts
– “Garbage men”
• Protects cell by
digesting foreign
invaders
– “Police men
Mitochondria
Outer Membrane

• Power center of
cell
• Provides the
energy the cell
needs to move,
divide, etc.
Inner Membrane

“Electric company of
the cell”
Chloroplasts
• Found only in plant
cells
• Contains
chlorophyll (makes
plants green)
• Where
photosynthesis
takes place
Cell Wall

• Found only in plant


cells

• Protects and
supports the cell
Vacuole
• Stores water,
Vacuole
food & wastes

Vacuole is largest
organelle in plant cell
Plant or Animal Cell?
Found in Plant and Animal cells: Found only in Plant Cells:

• Nucleus • Chloroplasts
• Golgi Complex
• Mitochondrion • Cell Wall
• Lyosomes
• Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Cell Membrane
• Ribosomes
• Vacuoles
Prokaryotes (Bacteria) Binary Fission

Tell me about Prokaryotes…

Images: Prokaryotic cell diagramImages:


From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Prokaryotic cell diagram, M. Ruiz,

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