Energy Balances for Processes

Without Reaction
 Energy Balances for Closed, Unsteady-State Systems

Only work and heat are allowed to be exchanged between a system and its
surrounding

Macroscopic energy balance for an unsteady-state system (Closed or Open):

OR
Can be neglected

Hence
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 Energy Balances for Closed, Unsteady-State Systems

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 Energy Balances for Closed, Steady-State Systems

Steady state means the accumulation in the system is zero and the flows of Q
and W in and out of the system are constant

hence

W = -Q but Q does not always equal to -W

If Q = -W for closed, steady state system, you can calculate Q from

the work done on the system, but if W is unknown W would have to
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be calculated using equation Q = UA∆T
 Energy Balances for Closed, Steady-State Systems

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Energy Balances for Open, Unsteady-State Systems
 Energy Balances for Open, Unsteady-State Systems

When mass flows in and out of a system, the mass carries energy along with it

What types of energy?

Just the same types that are associated with the mass inside the system,
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namely U,PE, and KE
Energy Balances for Open, Unsteady-State Systems

The quantities
represent flow work or flow
energy, that is the work done
by the surroundings to put a
mass of matter into the system
and the work done by the
system on the surroundings as
a unit mass leaves the system.

Read Himmeblau 7th ed.

Page 657-660
 Energy Balances for Open, Unsteady-State Systems

since
Energy Balances for Open, Unsteady-State Systems
 Energy Balances for Open, Steady-State Systems

Since the energy balance equation becomes

If are ignored