11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 8:
Historical Development of Philippine
Politics
Subject Name: Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Historical Development of Philippine Politics
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Aaron Joab A. Despi
Editors: Joevan W. Alcala
Reviewers: Divina May S. Medez
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Henry T. Dayot
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
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Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D.
Carmelita A. Alcala, Ed.D.

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Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
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 11

Philippine
Politics and
Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 8:
Historical Development of
Philippine Politics
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 11 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Historical Development of Philippine
Politics.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 11 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Historical Development of Philippine
Politics.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be engaged in the different activities that are found in this learning
resource which in turn helps you become an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

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song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies.
Remove all worries because you can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Analyze the evolution of Philippine politics and governance (HUMSS_PG12-Ii-31)

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE POLITICS

Proclamation no. 1081 eloquently described a state of lawlessness that had

gripped the country and place the Filipino people in peril.

Specifically, Marcos cited a sizeable Communist force that had obtained

weapons from China that sought to overthrow the government and violate the peaceful
lives of ordinary Filipinos. Marcos even compared the current state of the nation to a
war, one which he intended to put a stop to.

In response, Marcos declared that he would place the Philippines under a state
of Martial Law, as according to the president’s powers described in the 1935 Philippine
Constitution. Such powers included command over the Armed Forces of the
Philippines to maintain law and order, as well as exclusive decision-making powers
for whether or not a person would remain detained for any crime.

K - Explain the events during martial law

S - Make a picture collage that shows picture of events during martial law
A - Value the contributions and sacrifices during martial law that led to democracy.

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 What I Know

IDENTIFICATION
Task 1: Directions: Read each statement carefully and give what is being
described. Write your answer in your activity notebook. Do not write anything on
this module.
. 1. What year Ferdinand Marcos declare martial law?
2. What is the proclamation number of Ferdinand Marcos martial law?
3.According the Ferdinand Marcos, the emergency rule will lead the country into
what he calls?
4. What is the name of the group the Ferdinand Marcos considered as a threat to
the country’s security?
5. Who it the Minister of Defense during Ferdinand Marcos martial law?
6. What is the name of the group that pushed for the autonomy of Mindanao?
7. How many oppositions where detained at the military compound during martial
law?
8. Who is the staunch critic of Ferdinand Marcos
9. What are years that Ferdinand Marcos hold an election to stabilize the country’s
chaotic condition?
10. Who is the first woman President of the Philippines

What’s In

What is your idea about martial law? Using your schema, enumerate activities
which are hampered during the proclamation of martial law.

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 What’s New

Political History of Philippine Politics

The Philippines During Martial Law
Proclamation of Martial Law: On September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand E.
Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law. The declaration issued under
Proclamation 1081 suspended the civil rights and imposed military authority in the
country. Marcos defended the declaration stressing the need for extra powers to quell
the rising wave of violence allegedly caused by communists. The emergency rule was
also intended to eradicate the roots of rebellion and promote a rapid trend for national
development. The autocrat assured the country of the legality of Martial Law
emphasizing the need for control over civil disobedience that displays lawlessness.
Marcos explained citing the provisions from the Philippine Constitution that Martial Law
is a strategic approach to legally defend the Constitution and protect the welfare of the
Filipino people from the dangerous threats posed by Muslim rebel groups and
Christian vigilantes that places national security at risk during the time. Marcos
explained that martial law was not a military takeover but was then the only option to
resolve the country’s dilemma on rebellion that stages national chaos threatening the
peace and order of the country. The emergency rule, according to Marcos’s plan, was
to lead the country into what he calls a “New Society”.
Marcos used several events to justify martial law. Threat to the country’s
security was intensifying following the re-establishment of the Communist Party of the
Philippines (CPP) in 1968. Supporters of CPP’s military arm, the New People’s Army,
also grew in numbers in Tarlac and other parts of the country. The alleged attempt to
the life of then Minister of Defense Juan Ponce Enrile gave Marcos a window to
declare Martial Law. Marcos announced the emergency rule the day after the shooting
incident. Marcos also declared insurgency in the south caused by the clash between
Muslims and Christians, which Marcos considered as a threat to national security. The
Muslims were defending their ancestral land against the control of Christians who
migrated in the area. The minority group organized the Moro National Liberation Front
(MNLF) in Malaysia and pushed for the autonomy of Mindanao from the national
government.
Juan Ponce Enrile the move was initially supported by most Filipinos and was
viewed by some critics as a change that solved the massive corruption in the country.
Martial law ceased the clash between the executive and legislative branches of the
government and a bureaucracy characterized by special interest. Marcos started to
implement reforms on social and political values that hindered effective modernization.
To match the accomplishments of its Asian neighbors, Marcos imposed the need for
self-sacrifice for the attainment of national welfare. His reforms targeted his rivals

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within the elite depriving them of their power and patronage but did not affect their
supporters (US Library of Congress, Martial Law and the Aftermath).
Thirty-thousand opposition figures including Senator Benigno Aquino,
journalists, student and labor activists were detained at military compounds under the
President’s command (Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). The army and the
Philippine Constabulary seized weapons and disbanded private armies controlled by
prominent politicians and other influential figures (Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law).
Marcos took control of the legislature and closed the Philippine Congress
(Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). Numerous media outfits were either closed
down or operated under tight control (Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). Marcos
also allegedly funneled millions of the country’s money by placing some of his trusted
supporters in strategic economic positions to channel resources to him. Experts call
this the “crony capitalism.”
Former Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. The deterioration of the political
and economic condition in the Philippines triggered the decline of support on Marcos’
plans. More and more Filipinos took arms to dislodge the regime. Urban poor
communities in the country’s capital were organized by the Philippine Ecumenical
Council for Community and were soon conducting protest masses and prayer rallies.
These efforts including the exposure of numerous human rights violations pushed
Marcos to hold an election in 1978 and 1981 in an aim to stabilize the country’s chaotic
condition. Marcos, in both events, won the election; however, his extended term as
President of the Republic of the Philippines elicited an extensive opposition against
his regime. Social unrest reached its height after former Senator Benigno Aquino was
murdered. The incident sent thousands of Filipinos to the streets calling for Marcos’
removal from post. Turning again to his electoral strategy, Marcos held a snap election
in 1986 but what he hoped will satisfy the masses only increased their determination
to end his rule that seated Corazon Aquino, widow of Benigno Aquino, as President of
the Philippines ousting Marcos from Malacañang Palace and ending the twenty-one
years of tyrant rule.

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 What is It

Task 2:
Directions: Make a picture collage which shows the effects of martial law. Do this on
your activity notebook. Do not write anything on this module.

Rubric for Picture Collage

Poor Fair Good Excellent
Does not meet Assignment Meets assignment Exceeds
assignment objectives minimally objectives assignment
objectives met objectives
10 15 20
25
Organization The pictures & The pictures & The pictures & The pictures were
words were not words were generally words were well extremely well
organized/ organized/balanced, organized and organized/
balanced and did but may not have included several balanced and
not cover the 5x7 covered the 5x7 different types of included several
area. Student did area. Student may media photos or art different types of
not include several not have included required for this pictures , words,
types of pictures, various types of assignment. drawings
words, art required pictures required for Excellent
for this this assignment.
assignment. Good
Fair.
Content The picture collage The picture collage The picture collage The picture collage
did not generally clearly sincerely
knowledge demonstrate demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated
student's student's student's student's
understanding of understanding of understanding of understanding of
gratitude and/or gratitude and/or the gratitude and/or the gratitude
the assignment. assignment, but a assignment. assignment.
Fair few things were Excellent Student added
lacking. extra information
Good above what was
needed or
discussed in class.
Format Student did not Student generally Student followed Student followed
follow format given followed format format given for format given for
for this given for this this assignment this assignment
assignment. assignment; and included all and included all
however, there were required required
still a few things information. There information.
missing. . There was was none of the Student may have
some own writing or students own also included
drawings. writing or something extra.
Good. drawings. There was no
Excellent writing or drawings
by the student.
Creativity Not much effort put Some effort was The student The student
into making the given to make the demonstrated demonstrated
collage colorful, collage interesting. creative methods creative methods
unique, or eye- Good for designing a for designing a
catching. collage. Various collage. Various
Fair materials were materials were
utilized and colors utilized and colors
were distributed. were distributed. It
Excellent. was very neat and
appealing.

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 What’s More

Task 1: Directions: Discuss the events during martial law. Give emphasis on the
notable contributions and sacrifices that led to the democracy that we are enjoying
today. Do this on your activity notebook. Do not write anything on this module.

Task 2: Write a letter to the former President Ferdinand Marcos expressing your
satisfaction or dissatisfaction to his controversial regime. Do this on your activity
notebook. Do not write anything on this module.

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 Rubric for Letter Writing
Poor Fair Good Excellent
Does not meet Assignment Meets assignment Exceeds
assignment objectives objectives assignment
objectives minimally met objectives
10 15 20
25
Content & - Content is - Content is not - Content is - Content is
Development incomplete. comprehensive and accurate and comprehensive,
- Major points are /or persuasive. persuasive. accurate, and
not clear and /or - Major points are - Major points are persuasive.
persuasive. addressed, but not stated. - Major points are
Questions were not well supported. - Responses are stated clearly and
adequately - Responses are adequate and are well supported.
answered. inadequate or do address - Responses are
not address assignment. excellent, timely
assignment. - Content and and address
- Content is purpose of the assignment
inconsistent with writing are clear. including course
regard to purpose concepts.
and clarity of - Content and
thought. purpose of the
writing are clear
Organization & - Organization and - Structure of the - Structure is -Structure of the
Structure structure detract paper is not easy to mostly clear and paper is clear and
from the message of follow. easy to follow. easy to follow.
the writer. - Paragraph - Paragraph - Paragraph
- Paragraphs are transitions need transitions are transitions are
disjointed and lack improvement. present. logical and
transition of - Conclusion is - Conclusion is maintain the flow of
thoughts. missing, or if logical. thought throughout
provided, does not the paper.
flow from the body - Conclusion is
of the paper. logical and flows
from the body of the
Format - Paper lacks many - Paper follows - Paper follows - Paper follows all
elements of correct most guidelines. designated designated
formatting. - Paper is over/ guidelines. guidelines.
- Paper is under word length. - Paper is the - Paper is the
inadequate/excessive appropriate length appropriate length
in length. as described for the as described for the
-Paper is not double assignment. assignment.
spaced -Format is good -Format enhances
readability of paper.
Grammar, - Paper contains - Paper contains - Rules of - Rules of grammar,
Punctuation & numerous few grammatical, grammar, usage, usage, and
Spelling grammatical, punctuation and and punctuation punctuation are
punctuation, and spelling errors. are followed with followed; spelling is
spelling errors. - Language lacks minor errors. correct.
- Language uses clarity or includes Spelling is correct. - Language is clear
jargon or the use of some and precise;
conversational tone. jargon or sentences display
Fair conversational consistently strong,
tone. varied structure.

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Write your reflection on the topic Martial Law Regime in the Philippines.
Do this on your activity notebook. Do not write anything on this module.

What I Can Do

Task 3: Directions: Identify who said this following famous quotes. Do not write
anything on this module. Write your answer in your notebook.

 "I would rather die a meaningful death than to live a meaningless

life”.
.
 "They always said 'Our Dreams Will Never Die.' You know, that is
really a fantasy. It's not invented by him. That is Diana Ross."
 "the Filipino is worth dying for"
 I often wonder what I will be remembered in history for. Scholar?
Military hero? Builder?

 Ferdinand Marcos
 Corazon Aquino
 Fidel V. Ramos
 Benigno Aquino Jr.
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 Assessment

IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Read each statement carefully and give what is being described.
Write your answer on your activity notebook. Do not write anything on this module.
1. What year Ferdinand Marcos declare martial law?
2. What is the proclamation number of Ferdinand Marcos martial law?
3. According the Ferdinand Marcos, the emergency rule will lead the country in to
what he calls?
4. What is the name of the group the Ferdinand Marcos considered as a threat to
the country’s security?
5. Who it the Minister of Defense during Ferdinand Marcos martial law?
6. What is the name of the group that pushed for the autonomy of Mindanao?
7. How many oppositions where detained at the military compound during martial
law?
8. Who is the staunch critic of Ferdinand Marcos
9. What are years that Ferdinand Marcos hold an election to stabilize the country’s
chaotic condition?
10. Who is the first woman President of the Philippines?

Additional Activities

Choose a line from any song that you are familiar which relates to the idea of
abuse in the exercise of political power. Provide a brief and concise explanation as to
how the line relates to the aforementioned problem. Write it on your notebook.

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 10
1. September 21, 1972
2.1081
3. New Society
4.Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)
5. Juan Ponce Enrille
6. Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
7. Thirty thousand (30,000)
8. Benigno Aguino Jr.
Answer Key
References
Rhene T. Abejen and Erlinda B. Pulma: “Philippines Politics and Governance,”JFS
Publishing Service,2016

https://www.philippine-history.org/martial-law-philippines.htm

https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=L3CA8B&sp=yes&

https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=CX72C5A&sp=yes&

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net