Design of an Arabic handwriting recognition system using

Matlab

Part1: Survey
Abstract

This survey describes the state of the art of the handwriting recognition in the last decade. The
literature has been reviewed extensively including books and journal articles. Many
methodologies and techniques for handwriting recognition in different languages have been
proposed by various researchers in the field.

Introduction

Handwriting recognition had been always a debatable subject because of the fact that there are
varying handwriting schemes and styles by different people.

Handwritten characters are highly characterized by the fact that they are uneven with different
sizes and styles. Hence, it has been always a complicated job to design a handwriting recognizer
that can accurately recognize these characters. With the existence of millions of styles there will
be always false results even if the system had been trained with various patterns.

Various authors and researches have proposed methods and techniques for building handwriting
recognizers for many languages. A portion of their works has been reviewed briefly in the
following section.
Related works

In the last decades, many researchers have authored articles and books for handwriting
recognition of different languages using various methodologies and techniques.

(Rajbala & Aruna, 2012) identified two levels of features that can be used for character
recognition. Those are, low and high level features. Low level features like width and height of
the character can be used to recognize a character in a given language. On the other hand, high
level features are also needed to recognize characters more precisely; these features include
curves, number of loops and headlines of a character in a word under recognition.
(Gaganjot & Monika, 2012) have applied a training algorithm that is based on back-propagation
method to train data using neural network technique. Features like minor and major axis lengths
and orientation among five other features have been selected to be applied in the algorithm. The
algorithms could successfully reach to over 90% accuracy accomplishing the designated goal of
recognizing characters.

(Sumit & Tanmoy, 2010) built an intelligent system using neural networks. They applied the
distance of Euclidean measurement to recognize misleading characters that occurred for similar
character sets. However, far from some mismatched characters their system has had a high
accuracy percentage.

(Pradeep, Srinivasan, & Himavathi, 2011) have applied diagonal based feature extraction for
building a handwritten character recognition system using neural network technique. Vertical,
horizontal and diagonal based extractions for features have been used for recognition of
characters. Also, neural network back-propagation has been applied for the classification of
characters. They have compared the three methods of extraction and found that diagonal is the
most accurate one.

(Muhammad , Imran, & Waqar, 2012) have mixed features of both correlation and statistical
natures to design a system that could recognize a high percent of characters accurately.

(Tirtharaj, 2012) has used associative memory net method to design a recognizer for handwritten
recognition purposes. Microsoft paint software has been used to design the characters to be used
for training the associative memory net.
References

Gaganjot, K., & Monika, A. (2012). Artificial Intelligent System for Character Recognition using
Levenberg- Marquardt Algorithm. International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2(5), 220-223,.
Muhammad , N. A., Imran, J., & Waqar, M. (2012). Handwritten Character Recognition Using
Multiclass SVM Classification with Hybrid Feature Extraction. Pakistan Journal of
Engineering & Applied Science, 10, 57-67.
Pradeep, J., Srinivasan, E., & Himavathi, S. (2011). Diagonal Based Feature Extraction For
Handwritten Character Recognition System Using Neural Network. International Journal
of Computer Science & Information Technology, 3(1), 27-38.
Rajbala, T., & Aruna, B. (2012). A comparative analysis of feature extraction techniques for
handwritten character recognition. International Journal of Advanced Technology &
Engineering Research, 2(4), 215-219.
Sumit, S., & Tanmoy, S. (2010). Handwritten Character Recognition by using neural network
and Euclidean distance metric. International Journal of Computer Science and Intelligent
Computing, 2(1), 1-5.
Tirtharaj, D. (2012). Time efficient approach to offline hand written character recognition using
associative memory net. International Journal of Computing and Business Research,
3(3).