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    GENDER SOCIETY

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    GENDER SOCIETY

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    9 views25 pages

    Gender Society Difference of Sex and Gender

    Uploaded by

    Reu
    GENDER SOCIETY

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 25
    HOW DOES YOUR SEX, GENDER, OR SEXUAL IDENTITY SHAPE THE WAY YOU LEARN, LOVE WORK. THRIVE, ‘AND SUFFER? AND FURTHERMORE, WHAT IS SEX? AND WHAT 1S GENDER? WHAT 1S DEEPIY SOCIAL UT AN INDIVIDUALS SEXUALITY? HOW BO OUR SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS GOVERN OUR GENDER IDENTITY AND SEXUAL PRACTICES? SEX AND GENDER ARE DIFFERENT CONCEPTS. SEX 1S BIOLOGICALLY DETERMINED WHILE GENDER IS SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED. THIS SUBJECT/CLASS SENSITIZS PARTICIPANTS TO NOW SEX RAD GENDER ‘ARE CONCEPTOALLY DIFFERENT BUT OPERATIONALLY LINKED I DAILY LIFE. IT ALSO UNDERSCORES HOW NOTIONS OF GENDER SHAPE Bi ‘RELATIONSHIPS, AND EXERCISE OF POWER, Of LACK OF I 1M THE Fant, com (GENERAL. MOREOVER, GENDER BULSES AND STEREOTYPES WAVE LED TO AND HAVE EVEN BEEN USED TO [RATIONALIZE AND JUSTIFY THE COMMISSION OF ACTS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN. OBJECTIVES 8 THE EuD OF THE MODULE/LESSON, THE PARTICIPANTS, STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TOBE ABLE TO: ~ DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEW SEX Rid GENDER; ‘ACKNOWLEDGE THAT GENDER CONSTRUCTS ARE LEARNED, FLUID, AND DIVERSE; ‘ANALYZE AND EXPLAIN MAMIFESTRTIONS OF GENDER BIAS AS EXPERIENCED IM THE FAMILY, ‘COMMUNITY, AND SOCIETY I GENERAL; 2. 3. 4. weave viowzves amr cits aun WOMEN AS THE HIGHEST FORM OF DISCRIMIMATION AGAINST ‘THEM, AND; 5. ‘COMMIT TO THE USE OF GENDER AS A PERSPECTIVE AND ANAIYSIS LENS IM PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE. _____— SESSION 1: GENDER CONSTRUCTS © FROM INFANCY, WE HAVE BEEN SOCIALIZED INTO FEMININE AND MASCULINE ROLES, FUNCTIONS, AND BEHAVIOR THAT REFLECT THE KIND OF IDEALIZED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES. IN THIS SESSION, PARTICIPANTS REFLECT ON WHO CONSTRUCT AND VALUATE MASCULINITY AND FEMININITY, HOW MASCULINE AND FEMININE IDEALS ARE INTERNALIZED, AND HOW GOING BEYOND THIS BINARY 'S OFTEN FROWNED UPON AND SANCTIONED. OBJECTIVES L DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN SEX AND GENDER; ~ IDENTIFY HOW GENDER ROLES AND IDENTITIES ARE DEFINED, WALUED AND REINFORCED IN THE FAMILY, COMMUNITY ANB SOCIETY; 3. INCREASE AWARENESS ON THE DIVERSITY AND FLUIDITY OF GENDER ROLES AMD ‘DENTITIES; 4. BESPECT PEOPLE IN THE DIVERSE GENDER SPECTRUM. (V1. SEKIS BIOLOGICALLY DETERMINED, > 111 "THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF ONE'S REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS THAT IS USED TO ASSIGN SEX (AT BARTHEL" CATTP://WW/W. GENDERSPECTRUM.ONG/ABOUT/UNDERSTANDING-GENBER > TO KNOW OWES SEX, THE FOLLOWING PHYSICAL CONDITIONS ARE ASSAYED: "CHROMOSOMES. EXTERNAL GENITALIA, INTERNAL GENITALIA, GONADS, HORMONAL STATES AND SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS... ONES SEX, THEN, IS DETERMINED BY AN ALGEBRAIC SUM OF ALL THESE QUALITIES, AND AS IS OBVIOUS, MOST PEOPLE FALL UNDER ONE OF TWO SEPARATE BELL CURVES, ‘THE ONE OF WHICH IS CALLED ‘MALE AND THE OTHER FEMALE (STOLLER, 1968:9) SEK 12. EVERY PERSON HAS 23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES EACH CELL ALLBUT ONE PAIR ‘ARE THE SAME IM FEMALES AND MALES. [TIS THIS 23RD PAIR THAT DIFFERENTIATES THE SEXES. FEMALES HAVE THE KX CHROMOSOMES WHILE MEN HAVE JUST ONE, TOGETHER WITH A SMALLER Y, THEY CHROMOSOME ACCOUNTS FOR THE GENETIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FEMALES AND MALES. (13. AMONG THE FEW BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES OF MALES AND FEMALES IS THE ‘LATTER'S ABILITY TO BEAR AND BREASTFEED CHILDREN. SEX (Va. WOT ALL PEOPLE NAVE EITHER 20 OR XY CHROMOSOMES, THERE CAN BEA CERTAIN AMOUNT OF (OVERLAPPING ANI IM SOME UNUSUAL EASES, THE GVERLAPPIMG IS CONSIDERABLE, AS IM CERTAIN [HERMAPHRODITES. THERE ARE ALSO, GENETICALLY SPEAKING, GTHER SEXES. THUS, I ADDITION TO THE 1c FEMALE AND XV MALE, THERE ARE INDIVIDUALS (0,1, 10K, ETC) WHO HAVE A MIXING OF SOME OF ‘THEIR BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SEX. SUCH PEOPLE ARE OFTEN ANATOMICALLY INTERSEXED AS WEL.” {STOLLER, 1960-8) HOWEVER, THESE VARIATIONS BO WOT CAUSE VRRUCTIONS IN SEXUAL OBIENTATION ‘AND GENDER IDENTITY. (CJ 5, WTERSEXED/HERMAPHRODITES (AS ALL WOMANS) HAVE RIGHT TO PRIVACY. IT 1S THEIR CHOICE IF ‘THEY WANT TO DISCLOSE OR WOT. SOME FINDINGS ARE NOT REVEALED IN ORDER To PROTECT THEM. (OFTEN, THEY ARE RIDICULED OR TREATED DIFFERENTLY, GENDER CUNOTIONS ON GENDER con c-n0W or neuer _> GENDER DEFINITIONS CONSIST OF: " “SOCLY CONSTHUETED ROLES AND REMTIORSS,PERSONATY RATS, ATTURS,BELWOORS {UC RELATVE OWE uD MFLENG THR SOIT ACHES THE To SRS 0H A IFERENTIN sts" AT AUADA 20007 . “TAPECTATIONS WELD ABOUT THE CHARACTERISTICS, APTITUDES AND LIKELY BENAYIOURS OF BOTH WOMEN ‘AND MEN (FEMININITY AND MASCULINITY)” (UNESCO'S GENDER ‘MPLEMENTATION raucous ‘SOCIAL RELATIONS, INCLUDING POWER RELATIONS, BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN. “GENDER ROLES AND ‘CHARACTERISTICS uO WOT EXST ISOLATION BUT ARE MEFNED mt RELATION To OME ANGTAER XD THROUGR ‘THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN, GIRLS AND BOYS” HEALTH CANADA, 2008:10) a CONOTIONS ON GENDER 2/2/00 apo > GENDI Cesta ‘MAY BE BASED ON STEREOTYPES, LE. PRECONCEIVED AND F aes ASSUMPTIONS AND EAS THAT ARB SIGN MALES AND nes ey RMIT AND ROLES BASED OW THEI SEX A BUMP 1 THE TARNERS Mayle ARE THE EAD OF THE FAMILY AND ARE THE WAN MEOH TaN ae MEN ON THE CHER HAND ARE RELEGATED TO TAKE CARE OF NOME AND ita ora ea ache oo Se perl MBE AT THE RECT END OF ACTS OF ERUNTION =) WOMEN'S ROLES ARE OFTEN ASSIGNED TO THE HOME WICH 1S CONSIDERED " PRIVATE” THEY NVOIYE ‘ACTIVITIES AND TASKS THAT ARE RELATED TO THE SUSTENANCE OF THE FAMULY, WHETHER PHYSICAL. SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL OR SPIRITUAL, E6, NURTURING, SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN. COOKINE, WASHINE THE MAINTENANCE OF THE HOUSE, E. CLEANING. THESE ACTIVITIES AND TASKS JuRTE BUT ALSO THE PUBLIC iE PRODUCTIVE AND uIstON cervic WORK Is DONE. PRODUCTIVE ‘OF GOODS AND SERVICES THAT HAVE MONETARY Of EXCHANGE VALE. AS THE WAGE EARNER FAMIY, THE WANS SOCIALIZED INTO RECOMING THE PRIMARY ‘REPRESENTATIVE IN COMBIONITY AND GTHER PUBLIC AFFAIRS. CUAGENTS oF SOCIALIZATION o — F GENDER ROLES, ™ SCHOOLS “ INSTITUTIONALISED RELIGION “MASS MEDIA JCAL CONTENT OF SOCIALIZATION IS INFLUENCED BY THE SYSTEM OF PATRIARCHY F SOCUL ORGANIZATION WH GRANTS THE FATHER SUPREME AUTHORITY M 1G THE MAN, T RESULTS IN UNEQUAL SOCIAL ‘THE FAMILY, CLAN, COMMUNITY SOCIETY. PRIVILE [WOMEN AND REN. asi ano act SUNDER STTTTE [RELATIONS OF POWER BETWEEN GIRLS AND BOYS. ‘ow momesTIC OLENES! [Cl eeNDER ROLES ARE LEARNED, FIO AND DIVERSE THEY ynny neneSs CULTURES AND CAN CHANGE ‘OVER TIME. ‘> m 4018 EDITORIAL FROM EARNSHAW EUBNTS pepnnToe STATED THAT | omsen covon..ne SUVTABLEFOR THE BOY WIE WEN IS MORE DEL PRETTIER FOR THE GIRL.” (SARGENT 2012) ‘was a Mone necineD xD yen AM BAIN. ~ WILLIAM DAVENPORT weeTe ABOU; SOUTHWEST PRCiFie SopieTy WHERE: “ONLY MEN WEAR FLOWERS. IN THEN BELTS OR ARM BANDS. AT Fi IBLE TO WOMEN THAT THEY ARE NOT ALLOWED TO BE ALONE, EVEN FOR A MOMENT, FOR FEAR SOME WOMEN WILL SEDUCE THEM’ toner 1ostse-ss1 ILIPPINI * SHAMANS OF THE >> BABAYLAN IN PRE-COLONIAL PHILIPPINES WERE Oe an oe BARANGAYS OR VILLAGE COMMUNITIES IN Med an eae PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO. THEY WERE WOMEN, a HERMAPHRODITES. " (BABAYLAN WOMEN, OR MEM WHO WERE GAY OF GENDER ELEGE 1 PANT OF THE UF SAGES OF WOME, FROM MANE To THM SEMOR ES AON Le FIERY COETon raf UME, SAYS THAT WIOENCE ACAINSTCHILOEN Is PRESENT IN EYENY EQ0NTRY VERY CUETURE” GNQUIRER.NET2013) 1 IW AUGHST 2013, UNICEF LAUNCHEM A GLOBAL CAMPAIGN TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN. aero man. se nwapr vt, ove ureru rma oreomcr wen ‘DOMESTIC VIOLENCE COULD BE THE REASOW FOR SEPARATION OR ANNULMENT.” [PHILIPPINE COMMISSION Ow (WOMEN.2013) VIOLENCE AGAINST WORTEN. RECORDING TO THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION ON WOMEN, I LINKED TO. ‘THE UNEQUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN WHERE THE LATTER IS GIVEN MORE POWER AAD STATES. Gondae Agortte- of Socialization B i j fs ST Iie . | GENDER BENDERS GENDER BENDERS De) sour GENDER BENDERS ‘KEVIN BALOT A FUPINO TRANSGENDER a ws Chowne ss brenANTONs QUEEN GENDER BENDERS (3. GENDER DEFINITIONS SHAPE OUR IDEAS OF HOW GIRLS/WOMEN AND BOYS/MEN ‘SHOULD LOOK LIME. IF THE LATTER D0 NOT CONFORM TO WHAT WE HAVE BEEN MADE TO BELIEVE, OUR ATTITUDES AND MODE OF RELATING WITH THEM CHANGE, TOO. (Cl GENDER WENTITY Is ABOUT THE WAYS IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS DEFINE THEMSELVES - MALE, FEMALE, BOTH OR NEITHER- WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT BE THE SAME AS THEIR ANATOMICAL SEK. (CO TWoSe WITH GENDER IDENTITY THAT IS NOT THE SAME AS THEIR ANATOMICAL SEK ‘ARE OFTEN DISCRIMINATED ANB TARGETED FOR ACTS OF VIOLENCE. GENDER BENDERS C2 GENDER ioewrimies ane, DIVERSE AND FLU. HENCE, THE ENSTENEE OF SPECTRUM ; ag REFLECTS DIVERSITY. a oy CO) gener owversiry ‘REFERS TO THE DIFFERENT WaYs; THAT PEOPLE HAVE PREFERENCES nun SELF EXPRESSIONS THAT ARE OUTSIRETHE CONVENTIONAL GENDER NORMS Fon MALES AND FEMALES (GENDER SPECTAUND. Cl Gennen eenoens ane pant oF TH DIVERSE GENDER SPECTRUM. THEY ARE PEOPLE WHO WANT 10 EXPRESS THEIR GENDER IDENTITY OUTSIDE ‘THE MALE-FEMALE BINARY AND STEREOTYPES. THEY IWeLUDE CROSS-DRESSERS. (BOIDRAGON 2007) CIREGAROLESS oF GENDER IDENTITY EVERYONE WAS HWERENT WonTH AND DIGNITY, AND FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS. AS SUCH, ALL SHOULD RE TREATED WITH RESPECT AND NON DISCRIMMUTION. FIGURES PEOPLE WHO ARE OF ANY GENDER OR CAN BE GENDER BENDERS,” ae GENDER TERMINOLOGY GIVEN THE COMPLEXITY OF GENDER, ITIS NOT SURPRISING THAT AN INCREASING NUMBER OF ‘TERMS AND PHRASES ARE DEVELOPING TO DESGBIBEIT. BELOW ARE SOME OF THE EY TERMS YOU MIGHT ENCOUNTER: BIOLOGICAL/ANATOMICAL SEX- THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF ONES REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS ‘THAT IS USED TO ASSIGN SEX AT BIRTH, BIOLOGICAL SEX IS DETERMINED BY CHROMOSOMES OOK FOR FEMALES; XV FOR MALESI; HORMONES (ESTROGEN/PROGESTERONE FOR FEMALES. TESTOSTERONE FOR MALESI; AND INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA. CLITORIS, VAGINA FOR ASSIGNED FEMALES, PENIS AND TESTICLES FOR ASSIGNED MALES). GIVEN THE POTENTIAL VARIATION IN ALL OF THESE, BIOLOGICAL SEX MUST BE SEEN AS A SPECTRUM OR RANGE OF POSSIBILITIES RATHER THAN A BINARY SET OF TWO OPTIONS. ‘SOME, HOWEVER, ‘BIOLOGICAL OR ASSIGNED SEX. SOME OF THE: \ SE IND ‘SURGIGALLY CHANGE THEIR SEX To MORE FULLY rere ee ia GENDER TERMINOLOGY GENDER EXPRESSION- REFERS TO THE WAYS IN WHICH PEOPLE EXTERNALLY COMMUNICATE THEIR GENDER IDENTITY TO OTHERS THROUGH BENAVIOR, CLOTHING, HAIRCUT VOICE AND OTHER FORMS OF ‘PRESENTATION. GENDER EXPRESSION ALSO WORKS THE OTHER WAY AS PEOPLE ASSIGN GENDER TO OTHERS BASED ON THEIR APPEARANCE, MANNERISMS, AND OTHER GENDERED CHARACTERISTICS. SOMETIMES, ‘TRANSGENDER PEOPLE SEEK TO MATCH THEIN PHYSICAL EXPRESSION WITH THEIR GENDER IBENTITY RATHER THAN THEIR BIRTH-ASSIGNED SEX. GENDER EXPRESSION SHOULD NOT RE VIEWED AS AN INDICATION OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION. GENDER TERMINOLOGY GENDER ROLE- THIS IS THE SET OF EHAWIORS, ’ ROLES, ACTIVITIES, EXPECT (cine i FEMALES AND MALES BY SOCIETY. OUR CULTURE Senate 4 LES: MASCULINE (HAVING THE QUALITIES ATTRIBUTED To MALES) FEMININE (HAVING THE QUALITIES ‘ATTRIBUTED TO FEMALES). PEOPLE WHO ‘STEP a IEMDER ROLES ARE SOMETIMES ‘REFERRI ED TRANSGENDER, OTHER CULTURES HAVE THREE: ‘OR MORE GENDER ROLES. bi GENDER TERMINOLOGY ‘TRANSGENDER- IS SOMETIMES USED AS AN UMBRELLA TO DESCRIBE ANYONE WHOSE IDENTITY OR BEHAVIOR FALLS OUTSIDE OF STEREOTYPICAL GENDER NORMS. MORE NARROWLY DEFINED, IT REFERS TO AN INDIVIDUAL WHOSE GENDER IDENTITY DOES NOT MATCH THEIR ASSIGNED BIRTH GENDER, BEING TRANSGENDER DOES NOT IMPLY ANY ‘SPECIFIC SEXUAL ORIENTATION (ATTRACTION TO PEOPLE OF A SPECIFIC GENDER.) ‘THEREFORE, TRANSGENDER PEOPLE MAY ADDITIONALLY IDENTIFY AS STRAIGHT, GAY. LESBIAN, OR BISEXUAL. GENDER TERMINOLOGY SEXUAL ORIENTATION- TER} ‘SEXUALLY ATTRACTED To IM THAT REFERS TO BEING ROMANTICALLY OR ORIENTATION AND OUR Gi PEOPLE OF A SPECIFIC GENDER. OUR ‘SEXUAL en ARE SEPARATE, DISTINCT PARTS . OUGH A CHILD MAY NOT ‘YET BE AW THEIR SEXUAL ORIENTATION, THEY USUALLY ‘one , HAVE A STI aaivaniey RONG SENSE OF THEIR GENDER TERMINOLOGY GENDER NORMATIVE/CISGENDER- REFERS TO PEOPLE WHOSE SEX ASSIGNMENT AT BIBTH CORRESPONDS TO THEIR GENDER IDENTITY AND EXPRESSION. GENDER FLUIDITY GENDER FLUIDITY CONVEYS A WIDER, MORE FLEXIBLE RANGE OF GENDER EXPRESSION, WITH INTERESTS AND BEHAVIORS THAT MAY EVEN CHANGE FROM DAY TO DAY. GENDER FLUID- CHILDREN 00 NOT FEEL CONFINED BY RESTRICTIVE BOUNDARIES OF ‘STEREOTYPIGAL EXPECTATIONS OF GIRLS OR BOYS. IN OTHER WORDS, A CHILD MAY FEEL ‘THEY ARE A GIRL SOME DAYS AND A BOY ON OTHERS, OR POSSIBLY FEEL THAT NEITHER ‘TERM DESCRIBES THEM ACCURATELY. SOURCE: -/ WWW. GENDERSPECTRUM.OHG/ABOUT/UNDERSTANDING GENDER AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION TERMINOLOGY FaMILy: 17 1S THE BASIC UNIT OF ‘SOCIETY, THE PRIMARY agent ‘AND ROLES, AS wet s AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION TERMINOLOGY RELIGION: STARTING WITH THE STORY OF CREATION, WARIOUS RELIGIONS HAVE THEIR STORIES |ETAPHORS THAT OFTEN USE A BINARY MODEL OF SEX AMD GENDER. THEY HAVE DOCTRINES, HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURES, AND SYMBOLISMS, AS WELL AS OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL INTERPRETATIONS OF WHAT PROVISIONS IN THE BIBLE OR KORAN THAT REFLECT DIFFERENTIAL VIEWING AND VALUATION OF GENDER IDENTITIES. FOR EXAMPLE, THE CATHOLIC CHURCH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH BILL PROVIDES AMPLE EVIDENCE OF WOW WOMEN'S REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 1S DEFINED ONLY IN TERMS OF SEX FOR PROCREATION, AND THE LENGTHS THROUGH WHICH THE HIERARCHY WOULD GO TO MAKE CATHOLICS TOE ITS LINE. E&. DENIAL OF COMMUNION, EX-COMMONICATION, THREATS OF WITHHOLDING THE CATHOLIC VOTE {EPRESENTATIVES AMD SENATORS RUNNING FOR RE- ELECTION. HIERARCHY'S POSITION ON AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION TERMINOLOGY hanes waeees a ca ean DIGITAL MEDIA ARE PART HE MANNER IN WHICH THEY FRAME STORIES EITHER REINFORCE OR CHALLENGE DOMINANT NOTIONS,

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