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    CGA G-5.5

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    1K views14 pages

    Cga G-5.5

    Uploaded by

    Philippe Alexandre

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CGA G-5.5—2004 HYDROGEN VENT SYSTEMS SECOND EDITION COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor Chantilly, VA 20154 Phone: 703-788-2700 Fax: 703-961-1831 E-mail: ega@cganet.com woo eansypoy vat “ou; O4NWORE YORwOLL fe pEInALIEI ‘PERNA | BLOAGEU JO UaFaNpALARL IY ON “AO G8N 58084204 6} 04.02490-Z UO LEAL 81 0 posvEDY eUeNEW penBukdog Pace i CowpRrsseD GAS ASSOCIATION, ING. CGAG-6.5-2004 PLEASE NOTE: ‘The information contained in this document was obtained from sources believed to be reliable and is based on technical information and experience currently available from members of the Compressed Gas Association, Inc. and others. However, the Association or its members, jointly or severally, make no guarantee of the results ‘and assume no liability or responsibilty in connection with the information or suggestions herein contained. Moreover, it should not be assumed that every acceptable commodity grade, test or safely procedure or method, precaution, equipment or device is contained within, or that abnormal or unusual crcumstances may nt warrant or suggest further requirements or additional procedure. ‘This document is subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition. The Associa- tion invites comments and suggestions for consideration. In connection with such review, any such comments Cor suggestions will be fully reviewed by the Association after giving the party, upon request, a reasonable op- portunity to be heard. Proposed changes may be submitted via the Internet at our web site, www. oganet.com. ‘This document should not be confused with Federal, state, provincial, or municipal specifications or regulations; insurance requirements; or national safely codes. While the Association recommends reference to or use of this document by government agencies and others, this document is purely voluntary and not binding, Alistig of al publications, audiovisual programs, safety and technica bllline, and safely posters is available via the Intemet at our website at winw.cganel.com, For more information contact CGA at Phone: 703-788-2700, ext, 789. E-mail customerservice@eganet com sulk Debution and Eauloment Gaming NOTE—Technical changes from the previous edition are underlined, ‘SECOND EDITION 2004 FIRST EDITION: 1096 (© 2008 BY THE COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4221 WALNEY ROAD, STH FLOOR, CHANTILLY, VA 20151 Printed in USA. pore pewwBukden woo veens\ner aes “oul 24NLADS UORUOLL Sa peIALIEIG ‘PEHRUEE 5] BusyOMOU 0 UoNENposdeL JAN ON “ALD 8808480 205 0102190°21 UO UBL OLA 01 pose CGAG-55—2004__Cowpress0 Gas ASSOCIATION, INC. Contents Page 1. Introduction - 1 2 Scope . A 3. Definitions. 1 4 Properties of hydrogen 4 4.1 Flammability. 4 42 Temperature impact 2 43° Diffusion 2 44 Asphyxiant 2 45° Liquid hydrogen 2 48 Embritlement.. 2 5. System considerations 2 51 Hydrogen discharges... 2 52 Mechanical considerations. _ 3 53 Fire considerations... 3 5.4 _Dellagration/detonation considerations 3 6 Vent system 3 6.1 Codes 3 62 Sizing.” 4 63 Design 4 64 Materials. 6 65 Components. 7 7 Insalation .. 7 8 Operation. a 9 Maintenance zi 8 9.1 Visual inspection 8 82 Physical inspection 9 83 Field pais. 9 40 References 8 Figure Figure 1—Miter cut 5 ‘woo yeansyper wn “Du SuMUaDS LoswOUL Ka PEInAUSIC “PoyRUed S| Buppomau 0 Loyenoexd JayR| ON “AUD 8sn :398UeD) J OL0Z20-2E UO WELL NA 0} poEveRK UDEW PREUNoD Copyrighted material icensedto Viet Tran on 12-Oct-2010 for icensee's use ony. No further reproduction or networking i permilled, istbuted by Thomson Scientific, nc, ww fechtrest.com, This page is intentionally blank. CGAG-55—2004, (Coupnessep Gas ASSOCIATION, ING, Pace 1 1 Introduction This publication provides information for personnel who design, install, and maintain hydrogen vent systems. For the purpose of this standard, the use of the word should indicates a recommendation and the use of the word shall indicates a requirement. 2 Scope ‘This publication presents design guidelines for hydrogen vent systems used in gaseous and liquid hydrogen systems at consumer sites and provides recommendations for safe operation of these vents. It begins at the discharge port ofthe safety devices and other components that control the release of hydrogen and ends atthe point where hydrogen concentration in the atmosphere is below the lower flammable limits. It also provides information on the production, transportation, handing, and storage of compressed hydrogen, cryogenic liquid hydrogen, and related producis. Additional information on hydrogen can be found in CGA G- Hydrogen, CGA G-6.4, Standard for Hydrogen Piping at Consumer Locations, CGA Handbook of Compressed Gases, NFPA 50A, Standard for Gaseous Hydrogen Systems at Consumer Sites, and NFPA SOB, Standard for Liquefied Hydrogen Systems af Consumer Sites [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] 3 Defi ions For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply. 3.4 ASME Code ‘American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 831.3, Process Piping (6). 3.2 Gaseous hydrogen storage system ‘System in which hydrogen is delivered, stored, and discharged in gaseous form to the consumers piping, NOTE A gaseous hydrogen storage system includes statonary containers or transport containers used as statonary stor ‘age for temporary supply, Pressure regulators; pressure relief devices; manifolds; interconnecting piping, and controls. The system terminates where hydrogen at service pressure frst enters the customer supply line. Pressure rolof devices for cy inders required by the U.S. Department of Trarsportaton (DOT) in Tie 49 ofthe U.S Code of Federal Regulations (48 CFR) fare not covered inthis definition [7] 3.3 Liquid hydrogen storage system ‘System in which hydrogen is delivered and stored as a liquid and from which itis discharged in liquid or gase- ‘ous form to the consumers piping. NOTE_A liquid hysrogen storage system can include stalonary o* portable containers, pressure regulators, pressure relief devices, manifolds, interconnecting piping, and controls as required. The system onginates atthe storage cantainr fi con- ection ang terminates where hydrogen at service pressure first enters the cuslomer suppy line 4 Properties of hydrogen Hydrogen is a flammable gas. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nontoxic. Itis the lightest gas known, hav- ing @ specific gravity of 0.0696 (air = 1.0). Gaseous hydrogen is buoyant in air at normal temperatures. Hydro- gen diffuses rapidly in air and through porous materials. Hydrogen burning in air has a pale blue flame that is nearly invisible, 44 Flammability ‘At atmospheric pressure the ignition temperature of hydrogen-air mixtures has been reported to be as low as 932 °F (500 “C), The flammable limits of hydrogen-air mixtures depend on pressure, temperature, and water ‘vapor content. At atmospheric pressure the flammable range is approximately 4% to 75% by volume of hydro- * References are shown by bracketed numbers and are listed in order of appearance in the reference secton. g g i 3 3 a : i & 5 3 & i 2 £ : z z a i i i 3 Pace 2 CowpResse Gas ASSOCIATION, INC, CGAG-5.5—2004 gen in air [8]. Hydrogen-air mixtures are extremely easy to ignite, only requiring 0.02 miljoules (mJ) ignition energy compared to 0.25 mJ for hydrocarbons. 42 Temperature impact ‘Thvottled expansion from high to low pressure at ordinary temperatures cools gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, ‘and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen is an exception, increasing about 10 °F (6.6 °C) in temperature when throttied ‘rom 2000 psig (13 790 kPa) to atmospheric pressure.’ The tomperature change resulting from throttled expan- sion is a function of starting temperature as well as intial and final pressures. 43 Diffusion Because of its small molecular size, hydrogen rapidly difuses through porous materials. It also dissolves in and diffuses through metals slowly at ambient temperatures and more rapidly at elevated temperatures. it can leak ‘out of a system that is gas tight for air or other common gases at equivalent pressure. Manual valve and reliel valve seats or other control devices often leak hydrogen ata low rate even when they are closed. This can re- sulin a flammable atmosphere within the vent stack 44 Asphyxiant Hydrogen is nontoxic but can act as an asphyxiant by displacing the oxygen in air. Unconsciousness from breathing air in which hydrogen has displaced oxygen can occur without warning symptoms because hydrogen odorless, and tasteless. Hydrogen is a flammability hazard at much lower concentrations than it causes asphyxiation, hydrogen ‘When cooled to its boiling point at atmospheric conditions,423 °F (-253 °C), hydrogen becomes a transparent liquid only one-fourteenth as heavy as water. All other gases except helium become solids at the temperature ‘of liquid hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen has a relatively high thermal coefficient of expansion and high compress bilty compared with other cryogenic liquids. 45 Upon contact with the skin and other tissues, liquid hydrogen and the cold gas evolving from the liquid can pro- ‘duce severe frost bums that are similar to thermal burns, Eyes can be injured by exposure to the cold gas or by a brief splash of liquid. Contact between unprotected parts of the body and uninsulated piping or vessels con- taining iquid hydrogen can cause flesh to stick, and flesh can tear when an attempt is made to remove it from the piping or vessel Liquid hydrogen flowing through uninsulated lines causes the liquefaction of air on the outer surfaces and oxy-

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