CGA G-4.1—2009 CLEANING EQUIPMENT FOR OXYGEN SERVICE SIXTH EDITION COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC.Pac i COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. CGAG-4,1—2009, PLEASE NOTE: ‘The information contained in this document was obtained from sources believed to be reliable and is based on technical information and experience currently available from members of the Compressed Gas Association, Inc. and others. However, the Association or its members, jointly or severally, make no guarantee of the results, and assume no liabilty or responsibilty in connection with the information or suggestions herein contained, Moreover, it should not be assumed that every acceptable commodity grade, test or safety procedure or meth- od, precaution, equipment or device is contained within, or that abnormal or unusual circumstances may not ‘warrant or suggest further requirements or additional procedure. Tris document is subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition. The Associa- tion invites comments and suggestions for Consideration. In connection with such review, any such comments fr suggestions will be fully reviewed by the Association affer giving the party, upon request, a reasonable op- portunity to be heard, Proposed changes may be submitted via the Internet at our website, yw caanet.com, This document should not be confused with federal, state, provincial, or municipal specifications or regulations; insurance requirements; or national safety codes. While the Association recommends reference to or use of this document by government agencies and others, this document is purely voluntary and not binding unless ‘adopted by reference in regulations. AA isting of all publications, audiovisual programs, safety and technical bulletins, and safety posters is available Via the Internet at our website at www caanet com. For more information contact CGA at Phone: 703-788-2700, ext. 799. E-mal: customerservice@cganet.com. ‘Work tem 07-037 Atmospheric Gasas and Equinmant Coriian, NOTE—Technical changes from the previous edition are undertined ‘SIXTH EDITION: 2008 FIFTH EDITION: 2004 FOURTH EDITION: 1996 {© 2009 The Compressed Gas Association Inc.All ights reserved ‘All materials contained in this work are protected by United States and interatlonal copyright laws. No part of thi work may be reproduced or vansmitls in any orm of by any means, elecanie or mechanical eluding pietocopying, recording, or any Infor mation storage and retrieval system without permission in wring from The Compressed Gas Associaton, Inc. Al request for permission to reproduce materia fom this work should be directed to The Compressed Gas Assocation, Inc14801 George Carter ‘Way, Suite 103, Chantily VA 20751, You may not aller or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice fom this work,CGAG-4.1—2008, ComPresseD Gas ASSOCIATION, ING. Pace i Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Objectives, 3 Planning requirements 3.1 Supervision, 3.2 Selecting procedures and cleaning agents 4 Precleaning 5 Steam or hot water cleaning. 5.1 Materials. 52 Steam cleaning 5.3 Hotwater cleaning, 5.4 Removal of cleaning agents. 6 Caustic cleaning 6 61 Materials ' 8 62 Caustic cleaning procedures 7 63 Rinsing, sad 64 Drying “7 7 Acid cleaning 7 7.1 Selection of cleaning agent. . wT 72 Equipment 8 7.3 Cleaning procedure 8 74 Rinsing... 8 75 Drying 8 8 Solvent washing (including ultrasonic cleaning) 8 8.1 Solvent washing 8 82 Ultrasonic cleaning 8 83 Materials. 8 8.4 Washing equipment 8 8.8 Control of solvent cleanliness. 9 8.6 Removal of solvents 10 9 Vapor degreasing nnn sennmeees 1D 9.1 Equipment . a0 9.2 Materials for vapor degreasing oe a na aes PY 9.3 Vapor degreasing procedure... " 10. Mechanical cleaning, F sini EL 10.1 Blast cleaning i eke 1 10.2 Wire brushing or grinding acura Tl 40.3 TUMBLING... . . 1" 10.4 Vacuuming and swabbing os raemnnennnes A 10.5. Blowing and purging 7 12 11. Inspection 12 14.1. Approval of quality control procedures and standards Sounnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 11.2. Inspection procedures 12 12 Packaging and labeling 14 12.1. Protection from recontamination... 14 122. Labeling 14Pacey, COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INO. CGAG-4.1—2008 13. Personnel safety... nnn o oe nnn 13.4 132 13.3 13.4 13.5 Instructions and supervision Dangerous chemicals. Protective equipment. Proper ventilation, Special situations. 14 References 7 7 16 18 Additional references. . os 7CGAG-4.1—2009. COMPRESSED Gas ASSOCIATION, INC. Pace 1 Scope ‘The cleaning methods described in this publication are intended for cleaning equipment used in the production, storage, distribution, and use of iqud and gaseous oxygen. This publication does not replace or supersede any regulatory cleaning procedures or cleaning requirements specified by a national authority. Examples of such equipment (ilustrtive of the primary intent of this publication) are stationary storage tanks, cargo tankers, and tank cars; pressure vessels such as heat exchangers and rectification columns; and associated piping, valves, and instrumentation. The cleaning methods, however, are not imited to this equipment. With proper considera tion oF modification, these methods may be used in cleaning other oxygen service equipment such as cylinders, cylinder valves, regulators, welding torches, pipelines, compressors and pumps where regulatory requirements do not specify cleaning methods. For additional information on cleaning for oxygen service see the list of adcitional references in Section 15, NOTE—CGA 6-10, Recommended Procedures for Changes of Gas Service for Compressed Gas Cylinders, includes the conversion of eylinders to oxygen service [1],’ Where the requirements for this conversion differ from the recommendations of CGA G-4.1, the recommendations of CGA C-10 should take precedence, NOTE—CGA has clarified to the industry that equipment and systems handling any gas in excess of 23.5% oxygen by vol- ume shall be designed as if that equipment and system is handling oxygen (CGA PS-13, Defintion of a Threshold Oxygen- Mixture Concentration Requiring Special Cleaning of Equipment) [2]. Thus, cleaning and preparation of oxygen equipment ‘should apply o equipment where oxygen is in excess of 23.5% oxygen. At pressures above 2400 psig (16 500 KPa) (those ‘ypieally found in cylinders), consideration may be given to reducing the concentration at which special cleaning should be used.” 2 Objectives ‘Oxygen equipment and systems including all components and parts thereof shall be adequately cleaned to remove harmful contamination before the introduction of oxygen. Harmful contamination includes both organic and inorganic material such as oils, greases, paper, fiber, rags, wood, coal dust, solvents, weld slag, rust, sand, ‘and dirt that if not removed could cause a combustion reaction in an oxygen atmosphere or result in an unac- ceptable product purity. ‘This publication presents methods for cleaning oxygen service equipment. When properly used, these cleaning methods and subsequent inspections result in the degree of cleanliness required for the safe operation of oxy- gen service equipment and the necessary product purity required in CGA G-4.3, Commodity Specification for (Oxygen [4]. Suggested levels of contamination and ways of determining if a component or system is sufficiently clean for oxygen service are given along with procedures for keeping such equipment clean before itis placed Cleaning a component or system for oxygen service involves the removal of contaminants including the surface residue from manufacturing, hot work, and assembly operations, as well as the removal of all cleaning agents and the prevention of recontamination before final assembly, installation, and use. These cleaning agents and ‘contaminants include solvents, acids, alkalis, thread lubricants, flings, dirt, scale, slag, weld splatter, organic material (such as oil, grease, crayon, and paint), lint, and other foreign materials, ‘The removal of injurious contaminants can be accomplished by cleaning all parts and maintaining this condition during construction, by completely cleaning the system after construction, or by a combination of the two. For the purpose of this publication, water shall be defined as potable water. Some customers’ applications ‘might require a higher quality water to achieve or maintain the desired cleanliness. * References are shown by bracketed numbers and are listed in order of appearance in the reference section. ° kPa shall indicate gauge pressure unless otherwise noted as (kPa, abs) for absolute pressure or (KPa, diferent for ditferen- tial pressure. All KPa values are rounded off per CGA P-11, Metric Practice Guide for he Compressed Gas Industry [3CGAG-4.1—2008 3. Planning requirements 3.1 Supervision ‘An individual skilled in the techniques required for oxygen service cleaning shall be responsible for monitoring the cleaning operation and for determining if a component or system Is clean so it can function safely in an oxygen environment. Where piping systems with multiple branches are involved, itis important that the clean- ing procedures be well established, suitably integrated with the sequence of construction operations, and pre- cisely followed since it might be neither practical nor possible to completely inspect such a system for cleanli- ness after construction and final cleaning, 3.2 Selecting procedures and cleaning agents Initially, the type, possible location, and degree of contamination should be evaluated to decide on the appro- priate Cleaning agent and the most practical method of cleaning, inspection, and testing. In addition, the ar- rangement of passages shall be studied so that cleaning, washing, rinsing, or draining practices can be ad- justed to make sure that dead ended passages and possible traps are adequately cleaned, Another consideration is the compatibility of cleaning agents with the materials of the equipment. Also important Is the compatiblity of the cleaning agent with the containment and transfer items it will contact such as storage bottles, tubing, piping, pumps, fiers, etc. Such storage and transfer equipment should not only be compatible with the cleaning agent, but also sufficiently clean so as not to contribute any additional contamination to the process. Check with equipment manufacturers and product literature regarding material compatiblity with Cleaning agents, Besides obvious compatiblity concems that include chemical reactions, consideration shall be given to systems under pressure and the choice of cleaners. Although some cleaners might not appear to have {2 deleterious effect on equipment materials (and might in fact be recommended by product literature for equip- ment not under pressure or stress), they could have a negative impact on equipment materials’ microstructure that would adversely affect the material's ability to contain pressure or perform properly under stress. Under such circumstances, the equipment manufacturer and the product literature shall be consulted for the recom- mended choice of cleaning agents. 3.21 Cleaning agents ‘Typical cleaning agents include aqueous, semi-aqueous, acids, solvents, and abrasives. Aqueous or semi- aqueous cleaning agents use water either as the primary solvent or as the rinse. Aqueous or semi-aqueous Cleaning agents also can be used to assist in steam or hot water cleaning to remove dirt, oil, and loose scale. Acids remove oxides, rust, cis, fluxes, and other contaminants. Solvents remove hydrocarbon oils, greases, cutting fluids, and silicone greases. Abrasives remove scale, rust, vamish, paint, slag, and excess weld mate- rt ‘Select the type of cleaning agent to match the contaminants to be removed. Aqueous and semi-aqueous clean- ing agents dissolve water-soluble contaminants but do not dissolve water-insoluble components such as hydro- carbon olls and greases. Aqueous and semi-aqueous cleaning agents remove water insoluble contaminants by dispersing and emulsifying them, allowing the rinse step to carry the contamination off the component surface. Itis for this reason that effective rinsing is required when using aqueous-based detergents and sem-aqueous cleaning agents. The use of aqueous and semi-aqueous cleaning agents generally requires heat, sufficient contact time, and mechanical energy (scrubbing, agitation, ultrasonic energy, etc.) for effective cleaning, ‘The effectiveness of cleaning agents appli lipment used in oxygen service is stronaly influenced b — the chemical nature of contaminants to be removed. the configuration and complexity of equipment to be cleaned, — the parameters such as mechanicallultrasonic energy, temperature, and concentration of cleaning agents ‘employed for the cleaning operation, and the detailed cleaning proceduresCGAG-4.1—2008 Compressen Gas Pace 3 3244 Aqueous cleaning Cleaning using aqueous solutions offers the advantage that the solvent (i. water) is not flammable, combus- tible, or toxic and does not contribute to ozone depletion or smog. Aqueous cleaning solutions usually consist of water, builders, and organic and inorganic additions to promote better cleaning and surfactants. Both immer- sion and spray equipment are used for aqueous cleaning. Aqueous cleaning effectiveness can be improved by ‘adding mechanical energy. Immersion equipment frequently uses agitation to aid in contamination removal Ultrasonic agitation can penetrate complex components and remove tightly bound contaminants. Spray equip- ‘ment cleans parts by applying the cleaning solution at medium to high pressure. Cleaning solutions are pre- Pred with low foaming surfactants and additives. Aqueous systems can be optimized for a specific contami- ‘rant or set of contaminants. Challenges in aqueous cleaning include difficulties in drying cleaned components and adequate rinsing to remove cleaning residues. Cleaning residues might not be compatible with oxygen ‘Some metals or polymers can be incompatible with water-based solutions. Cleaning solutions might require wastewater treatment prior to disposal depending upon solution adcitives or the contaminants removed [6]. See 3.24 and 3.2.5 for information on selecting an appropriate aqueous cleaning agent and process. Aqueous cleaning agent residues are often corrosive as well as incompatible with oxygen and therefore pose a potential hazard. Effective rinsing with potable water is mandatory to ensure that all residual cleaning agent residue, surfactants, etc. are removed from the component or system. The supplier of the cleaning agent should be consulted for proper use conditions including rinse operations, 3.24.2 ‘Semi-aqueous cleaning ‘Semi-aqueous cleaning processes apply hydrocarbon solventisurfactant emulsions in concentrated form fol- lowed by a water rinse, or emulsions in water are used in processes similar to aqueous cleaning. Semi- aqueous cleaning processes are very effective in removing heavy grease, tar, waxes, and other hydrocarbon- based soils. Cleaning solutions can be made compatible with most metals and polymers, and metals are not likely to be etched since the solutions are neutral. Emulsification of the hydrocarbons reduces evaporative losses and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions. Rinsing and drying can be difficult using this process, Wastewater treatment is usually required because of the dissolved organics (emulsions). Flammabiity of the hydrocarbon solvent is a concern with concentrated cleaners; some have objectionable odors, and some are VOCs [5]. See 3.24 and 3.2.5 for information on selecting an appropriate semi-aqueous cleaning agent and process. ‘Semi-aqueous cleaning agent residues are often corrosive as well as incompatible with oxygen and therefore ose a potential hazard. Effective rinsing with potable water is mandatory to ensure that all residual cleaning ‘agent residue, surfactants, etc., are removed from the component or system. The supplier of the cleaning agent should be consulted for proper use conditions including rinse operations. 3.24.3 Acid cleaning The selection of acid cleaners is discussed in 7.1 3.244 Solvent cleaning ‘The selection of a suitable solvent depends on many factors including environmental acceptability, acceptable toxicity, performance characteristics, flammability, and availabilty. Environmental issues include ozone deple- tion potential, contribution to global warming, and the potential to produce smog due to VOCs. Many used or spent solvents and some unused solvents being disposed of are classified as hazardous waste andior are sub- ject to annual emissions reporting requirements under Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthoriza- tion Act {5} ‘The solvent's flash point (the temperature at which it emits sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid) should be considered in the selection of the solvent and the cleaning procedure. Solvents with low flash points should be used in immersion cleaning equipment designed to handle flammabie solvents. Spray and immersion cleaning equipment is available for nonflammable (high flash point) solvents that also minimize emissions. A solvent's toxicity and carcinogenicity shall be considered and its recommended threshold limit values shall be adhered to strictly. Low boiling point and low heat of vaporization enhance the drying process and minimize the chance of thermal damage to the parts being cleaned. However, low vapor pressure solvents are slow to evaporate and therefore might remain after assembly, possibly leading to an ex-Pace 4, CoupresseD Gas ASSOCIATION, INC. CGAG-4.1—2009 plosion hazard upon subsequent exposure to oxygen. Low surface tension and low viscosity allow a solvent to Penetrate into biind holes, crevices, and porous surfaces, and over complex geometries [5} ‘The production of many of the solvents traditionally used to clean for oxygen service is being phased out (see 3.2.4). The cost of these solvents and the expenses related to their disposal are rapidly increasing as a result. However, many new solvents are being developed specifically for cleaning and are becoming commercially available. These include terpene-, aliphatic hydrocarbon-, alcohol, ester-, hydrochioro-luorocarbon-, hydro- fuorocarbon-, and silicone-based solvents. Solvents shall be tested for material compatibility, particularly if the components in the equipment to be cleaned have polymer components. Due to their greater volatility, ‘nonaqueous cleaning agents may be more appropriate for equipment configurations such as valves, heat ex- changers. compressors. efc. with crevices. intricate passages, and/or inaccessible areas where _vis- vaV/instrumental inspection and removal of cleaning agents is restricted. Ifa nonaqueous clearing agent is used, select one with a low level of nonvolatile residue (NVR) and ensure that all the cleaninc ie in nd all remaining traces are thoroughly evaporated to dryness before the introduction of any oxyaer-enriched fluids, See 3.2.4 and 3.2.5 for information on selecting an appropriate solvent and Cleaning process for your application. 3.2.2 Cleaning procedure The cleaning procedure selected, which includes removal of the cleaning agent, depends on several factors: type of contaminants; = location and degree of contamination; arrangement of passages with respect to their ablity to be flushed and drained; ~ effectiveness of the cleaning agent in removing the contaminants; compatibility of the cleaning agent with the contaminants, metals, and other material involved and with other cleaning agents; — availabilty and cost of cleaning agents and cleaning methods, and the availabilty of personnel experienced in handling these materials; — speed and effectiveness of cleaning and the desired level of cleanliness; and local environmental and disposal considerations. Ast of typical cleaning procedures includes: — aqueous or semi-aqueous cleaning (including immersion with or without agitation, spray, and steam or hot water) — vapor degreasing; solvent washing (including ultrasonics); alkaline (caustic) cleaning acid cleaning; ‘mechanical cleaning (blast cleaning, wire brushing, etc.); and = purging, 3. 3 Environmental considerations In 1987, an international agreement was reached in Montreal, Canada, that called for a reduction in the produc- tion of atmospheric ozone-depleting substances. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Clean Air Act of 1990 and amendments (CAA) also calls for the phase out of the production of these substances [6]. In Canada, provincial and federal environmental regulations also require phase out of ozone-depleting sub- stances [7], Both the CAA and the Montreal Protocol were amended to require the phase out of Class I ozoneCGAG-4.1—2009, Compressed Gas ASSOCIATION, ING. Pace 5 depleters by January 1, 1996 [6, 7] A widely used oxygen cleaning solvent, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, Is among the substances that has been phased out. New alternative cleaners for 1,1,1-trichloroethane are rapidly appearing on the market. ‘The EPA established the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program in response to Section 612 of the CAA with the objective of identifying alternatives to Class I and Class I ozone-depleting substances, and pub- lishing lists of acceptable and unacceptable substitutes. Acceptability is based on a product not presenting ad- verse effects on human health or the environment based upon the EPA's review of health and safety studies, which the producer of the substitute product is required to supply. Potential users of offered substitutes should determine if the product has been declared acceptable by the EPA? 3.2.4 American Society for Testing and Materials references ‘The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has prepared three guides designed to aid in the se- lection of cleaning agents. ASTM G121, Standard Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Coupons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents, and ASTM G12, Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents, provide a consistent method for evaluating the cleaning effectiveness of potential oxygen cleaning agents (8, 9]. ASTM G127, Standard Guide for the Selection of Cleaning Agents for Oxygen Systems, establishes a procedure for an oxygen producer, user, or component or system manufacturer to use in working with cleaning agents suppliers in selecting agents suitable for their applications (10). A detailed cleaning proce- dure that is satisfactory to both the manufacturer and the user of the procedure should be prepared in accor- dance with the instructions of the manufacturer ofthe cleaning agent. 3.2.5 Material safety data sheets Review the applicable material safety data sheet (MSDS) for any hazards associated with the cleaning agent being considered, 4 Precleai 9 Before cleaning, component materials incompatible with the cleaning agents shall be removed or isolated, Gross amounts of foreign materials such as scale, dir, grit, solid objects, and hydrocarbons shall be removed, Removal can be accomplished by grinding, wire brushing, blast cleaning, sweeping, vacuuming, swabbing, etc. 5 Steam or hot water cleaning Steam or hot water cleaning is accomplished by propelling steam or hot water combined with a detergent through a nozzle or sprayhead to remove contaminants such as dit, oll, and loose scale. 5.1 Materials The steam or hot water should be clean and oil-free. in most steam or hot water cleaning operations, a deter- gent solution is combined with the steam or hot water to provide an acceptable level of final cleanliness. The detergents selected shall be suitable for the contaminants involved and also shall be compatible with the sur- faces being cleaned. 5.2 Steamcleaning 5.24 Equipment Typical steam cleaning equipment consists of a steam and water supply, length of hose, and steam lance with cr without a spray nozzle, > information about SNAP and acceptable substitutes can be obtained from the SNAP Coordinator, U.S. Environmental Pro- tection Agency, Mail Code 6205), 401 M, Street, SW, Washington, DC, 20460, www epa gov.Pace 6. Compresse0 GAs ASSOCIATION, ING. CGA G-4.1—2008 5.22 Steam cleaning procedure Either plant steam or steam from a portable steam generator can be used. Ifa steam lance is used, the deter- gent solution can enter the steam gun by venturi action and mix with the steam. Steam removes oils, greases, and soaps by first thinning them at elevated temperatures. Dispersion and emulsification of the oils then occur, followed by dilution with the condensed steam. The system should provide control over the steam, water, and detergent flows so the full effects of the detergent's chemical action, heat of the steam, and abrasive action of the pressure jet are combined for maximum cleaning efficiency. Ifthe steam is clean and free of organic material, a secondary cleaning operation with a solvent or alkaline de- {reaser might not be required in cases where the intial contamination is light or is readily removed with steam, 5.3 Hot water cleaning 5.3.4 Equipment Typical cleaning with a hot detergent solution uses a spray system or a cleaning vat with suitable agitation of either the solution or the parts to be cleaned 5.3.2 Hot water cleaning procedure Hot detergent solution cleaning can be used where temperatures greater than 200 °F (93.3 °C) are not neces- sary to free and fluidize contaminants. Consideration shall be given to the size, shape, and number of parts to be cleaned to ensure adequate contact between the surfaces to be cleaned and the detergent solution. The solution temperature should be in accordance with the recommendation of the manufacturer of the cleaning ‘agent. Mechanical energy shall be applied in the form of ultrasonics or agitation to achieve acceptable results. Soaking helps to soften foreign material but does not remove it without scrubbing or agitation. A dishwasher canbe effective in some applications. 5.4 Removal of cleaning agents us cleaning agent is used, ensure that the cleaning process Is followed by a rinsing step usin: sufficient quantity of clean, potable, or deionized (DI) water. Potable water will frequently leave ‘water spots” after rinsing and drying. These mineral deposits are the result of the hardness of the waler and are typically harmless in contact with oxyaen, ‘oxygen-etriched fulds, The evaporation is accomplished by ouraing with diy. ote a or alroaen which may bbe heated to shorten the drying time. It is important to carry out the rinsing step immediately after the cleaning Focess and before the cleaning agent has dried since all aqueous cleaners leave NVRs after the contain water evaporates. 6 Caustic cleaning Caustic cleaning is cleaning with solutions of high alkalinity for the removal of heavy or tenacious surface con- tamination followed by a rinsing operation. 1 Materials Many effective materials are available for caustic cleaning. Basically, they are alkalis that are water soluble and ‘nonflammable and can be harmful if they come in contact with the skin or eyes or if they are swallowed. The cleaning agents should be chosen so they do not react chemically with the materials being cleaned, ‘Water used for rinsing should be free of oil and other hydrocarbons and should contain no particies larger than those acceptable on the cleaned surface, Filtration may be required. It may be desirable to analyze the water to determine the type and quantity of impurities. Some impurities can cause undesirable products or reactions with the parficular caustic cleaner used,CGAG-4.1—2008, COMPRESSED Gas ASSOCIATION, INC. Pace? 62 Caustic cleaning procedures The cleaning solution can be applied by spraying, immersion flushing, or hand swabbing. Spraying works well but requires a method where the cleaning solution reaches all areas of the surface. It is also desirable to have provisions for draining the solution faster than itis introduced to avoid accumulation. Immersion or flushing should be total rather than partial since the solution tends to dry on any surface exposed to air. Hand swabbed surfaces should be rinsed before the cleaning solution dries. Generally, cleaning solutions perform better when warm. Depending upon the particular solution, this tempera- ture can be in the range of 100 °F to 180 °F (37.8 °C to 82.2 °C). The cleaning solution can be reused unti itis too weak or too contaminated as determined by pH or concentration analysis. Both decrease as the solution weakens. Experience establishes when a cleaning solution has become too weak or too contaminated to effec- tively clean contaminated surfaces. 63 Rinsing ‘The cleanliness attained is only as good as the rinsing job. All of the contamination can be held in suspension in the cleaning solution. However, if the cleaning solution is not completely flushed from the surface being cleaned, the contaminant in any remaining solution redeposits on the surface during the drying operation. The surface shall not be allowed to dry between the cleaning phase and the rinsing phase. If this happens, itis very likely that the film or residue will not be adequately removed during the rinsing phase. Frequently, some type of agitation during rinsing is required. This can be by mechanical brushing, fluid im- ppingement, agitation of the parts being cleaned, etc. ‘The water rinse is often warmed to heip remove the cleaning solution and aid in the drying process, A method Of determining when the rinsing is complete is to monitor the pH of the outlet rinse water. The pH approaches that of the original rinse water as the rinsing progresses, 64 — Drying If drying is not completed with the residual heat in the metal, it can be completed with dry, ollfree air or nitro- gen. If itis desirable that the equipment be maintained in a dry atmosphere before installation or use, the dew Point of the contained atmosphere should not be above ~30 "F (-34.4 “C). 7 OA cleaning This cleaning procedure removes oxides and other contaminants by immersion in a suitable acid solution, usu- ally at room temperature. 7A Selection of cleaning agent In most cases, the type of cleaning agent selected depends on the material to be cleaned. The following gen- eral guidelines can be used! — Phosphoric acid-based cleaning agents can be used for al metals. These agents remove oxides, light rust, light oils, and fluxes; Hydrochloric acid-based cleaning agents are recommended only for carbon and low alloy steels. These agents remove rust, scale, and oxide coatings and strip chromium, zinc, and cadmium platings. Certain {acid solutions including hydrochloric or nitric acids should contain an inhibitor to prevent harmful attacks on base metals. Hydrochloric acid shall not be used on stainless steel since it can cause stress corrosion; and = Nitric acid-based cleaning agents are recommended for aluminum, copper, and their alloys. These agents are not true cleaning agents but are used for deoxidizing, brightening, and for removing black smut, which forms during cleaning with an alkaline solution. Some agents are available as liquids and others as pow-Pace 8. CompresseD Gas ASSOCIATION, ING. CGAG-4.1—2008 ders and are mixed to concentrations of 5% to §0% in water depending on the cleaning agent and the ‘amount of oxide or scale to be removed, 7.2 Equipment ‘A storage or immersion tank, acid-resistant recirculation pump, and associated piping and valving compatible with the acid solution are required, 7.3 Cleaning procedure Common methods of applying acd cleaning agents used for cleaning metals are: 1) large areas can be flushed with an appropriate acid solution; and, 2) small parts can be immersed and scrubbed or agitated inthe solution CAUTION: Acid-cleaning agents should not be used unless their application and performance are known or are discussed with the cleaning agent manufacturer. The manufacturer's recommendations regarding concentration and temperature should be followed for safe handling and use of the cleaning agent. 7.4 — Rinsing wining in an oxygen system are a severe hazard. It is essential that any residual cleaning ‘agent (in hidden areas, crevices, or porous surfaces) be completely removed, Rinse the equipment thoroughly with cold water. Rinsing shall begin as soon as practicable after cleaning to prevent excessive attack on the material being cleaned by the acid-cleaning solution. If there is a chance of any Cleaning solution becoming trapped in the equipment being cleaned following this rinse step, a dilute alkaline neutralizing solution can be applied, followed by another water rinsing. 7.5 — Drying |f drying is not completed with the residual heat in the metal, it can be completed with dry, oil-free air or nitro- gen. If tis desirable that the equipment be maintained in a dry atmosphere before installation or use, the dew Point ofthe contained atmosphere should not be above ~30 °F (-34.4 °C), 8 Solvent washing (including ultrasonic cleaning) 81 Solvent washing ‘Solvent washing is the removal of organic contamination from the surface to be cleaned by the use of suitable solvents, 8.2 Ultrasonic cleaning Ultrasonic cleaning is the loosening of oll and grease or other contamination from metal surfaces by the immer- sion of parts in a solvent or detergent solution in the presence of high frequency vibrational energy. 8.3 Materials ‘As discussed in 3.2.1.4, production of many of the solvents traditionally used to clean for oxygen service is be- ing phased out. Many new solvents are being developed specifically for cleaning, These include terpene-, ali- phatic hydrocarbon-, alcohol, ester-, hydro-chlorofluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon-, and silicone-based 'sol- vents. Solvents shall be tested for material compatibility, particularly with any polymer components in the equipment to be cleaned. ASTM G127 can be used to aid in the selection of an appropriate solvent and clean- Ing process [10} 8.4 — Washing equipment Washing equipment typically consists of a recirculating system for the solvent or a closed container for immers- ing parts. Typical auxiliary control and test equipment includes: space heaters;CGAG-4.1—2009, COMPRESSED Gas ASSOCIATION, INC. Pace — solvent detectors; = thermometers; = autility container; a funnel and strainer —animhotf cone; = dry, clffee air or ritrogen; and — siphon pump. For ultrasonic cleaning, a high-frequency sound generator and container are substituted for the recirculation system CAUTION: Some solvents can extract the plasticizer of some plastic tubing including polyvinylehloride and de- posit ton the surface being cleaned. For this same reason, rubber, neoprene, and nylon tubing should not be Used with these solvents when cleaning oxygen equipment. Ensure that any plastic tubing is compatible with the solvent being used. Consult the solvent manufacturer's literature or contact them direcly for information on compatible plastics. 85 Control of solvent cleanliness 8.5.1 Reference sample Before a new batch of solvent is used for any cleaning operation, a sample of it should be withdrawn for refer- ‘ence purposes. This sample should be stored in a clean container made of materials that will not contaminate it 85.2 Checking solvent cleanliness ‘The cleanliness of the solvent after a period of use can be determined by comparing it to the reference sample in one of several ways — comparing its color to that ofthe reference sample; = analysis; or = evaporation procedure. 85.2.1 Color comparison In the color comparison, it is assumed that the solvent is stl sufficiently clean to use if it shows no distinct color change from the reference sample. The color change can be determined visually or by instrument, comparing the simultaneous light transmission through both samples. This should be verified by analytical tests to detect probable contaminants or by calculation of the amount of residue deposited by evaporation of contaminated solvent. 8.6.2.2 Analytical tests Although more time consuming, analytical techniques (for example, infrared spectroscopy or chromatography) can measure precisely the extent of solvent contamination with a known contaminant, e.g. a particular cutting oll used to machine parts. However, if one or several unknown contaminants are present, results might be more difficult to quantity. 85.23 Evaporation test Contamination can be checked by calculation of the amount of residue deposited by evaporation of contami- rated solvent (see 11.2.5). Evaporation of a solvent and measurement of the residue depend on the nonvolatil- ity of any contaminants. However, the vapor pressures of most cils are sufficiently high that significant amountsPace 10, CompresseD GAs ASSOGIATION, ING. CGAG-4.1—2008 might evaporate with a large volume of solvent. Therefore, an evaporation determination might give only a lower limit to the amount of dissolved contaminant. 8.5.3 Immersion cleaning ‘Attest for contamination should be run periodically on the solvent used for immersion cleaning of components. Ifa large vessel or piping system is cleaned by circulating solvent through it, the solvent should be tested at the end of the cleaning period. If the solvent is contaminated, as shown by that test, it shall be drained from the equipment and replaced with a batch of clean solvent. After further circulation, this solvent shall be similarly tested, and it shall either pass or be replaced with clean solvent. A vessel can be considered clean when no distinct color difference exists between the ingoing and drained samples. After a part is removed from or drained of solvent, techniques such as heating and monitoring the exit purge gas for solvent, e.g,, by a solvent detector, should be used to ensure that all solvent has been removed from the components, Dirty solvent can be reclaimed by appropriate procedures, reused as is for intial cleaning, or discarded. Dis- posal shall comply with applicable federal, state, provincial, teritorial, and local laws and regulations, including environmental and other standards that apply. CAUTION: Uso proper solvent transfer containers (precieaned glass or metal) with seals that cannot be dis- solved by the solvent 8.6 — Removal of solvents After cleaning, crevices and dead zones might still contain solvent. It is vital that all of the solvent be removed from all dead spaces since an explosion could result upon subsequent contact with oxygen. After the oil and ‘grease contaminants have been removed or dissolved and the solvent drained, allow the part to dry, purging any cavity, piping, or closed vessel with dry, oil-free air or nitrogen to remove liquid by entrainment. Then circu- late the purge gas until the final traces of the solvent have been removed. Purging can be considered complete when the solvent cannot be detected by appropriate methods in the gas venting from the vessel, piping, or component being purged If the odor of solvent vapors is detected in the vicinity of the effluent purge gas, the equipment requires addi- tional purging. A leak detector can be used with solvents for determining when a vessel, piping, or component is adequately purged. The test method should be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser. For equipment being used in oxygen service, it typically is desirable to estimate the total quantity of oil or grease removed to justiy elther future extensions of operating periods between washing or omission of wash- ing operations. Comparative evaporation rates (Bi =1,0) are available from manufacturers. The ability of a solvent t evaporate quickly is extremely important in cleaning applications. 9 Vapor degreasing \Vapor degreasing Is the removal of soluble organic materials from the surfaces of equipment by the continuous condensation of solvent vapors and their subsequent washing action, 9.4 Equipment Commercial degreasers are available for cleaning metals at room temperatures. Vapor degreasing equipment Consists essentially of a vaporizer for generating clean vapors from a contaminated solvent and a vessel for holding the parts to be cleaned in the vapor space.CGAG-4.1—2008 Compresse0 Gas ASSOCIATION, $30. Pace 11 9.2 Materials for vapor degreasing Refer to 3.2.1.4 for a discussion of solvents to aid in determining one suitable for use in vapor degreasing. The solvent selected shall be compatible with the contaminants, metals, and materials involved. ‘Some of these solvents are flammable in alr under certain conditions and have varying degrees of toxicity, Cau- tion should be exercised in their use. Dry, oi-free air or nitrogen should be available for purging 9.3 Vapor degreasing procedure ‘The procedure described here is useful for cleaning cold or cryogenic equipment. The temperature of a com- ponent shall be between the freezing and boiling points of the solvent so that the solvent vapors condense and ‘wash down by gravity over the equipment surfaces. This cleaning procedure requires that the solvent be boiled in a vaporizer and the hot solvent vapors then con- tact a cooler component on whose surface the vapors condense and over which they wash carrying away solu- ble contaminants. This action can occur by placing components inside a vapor degreaser chamber into which the solvent vapor rises from a vaporizer chamber. Alternatively, if a vessel is to be cleaned, hot solvent vapor ccan be piped from a vaporizer into the vessel on whose inner walls condensation and cleaning occurs. In this case, the equipment should be positioned and connected so that the condensate can thoroughly drain from the system. Continuous removal of the condensate and its transport back into the vaporizer carries the dissolved impurities into the vaporizer, where they remain while fresh pure vapors are released to continue the degreas- ing operation. Cleaning can be considered complete when the returning condensate is as clean as the new solvent. NOTE—The vapor degreasing action stops when the temperature ofthe vessel reaches the boiling point ofthe solvent ‘The solvent should be removed using the procedure in 86 10 Mechanical cleaning This ype of cleaning can be accomplished by bias cleaning, wire brushing, grinding, or tumbling 40.4 Blast cleaning Blast cleaning can be described as the use of abrasives propelled through nozzles against the surface of pipe, fitings, or containers to remove mill scale, rust, varnish, paint, or other foreign matter. The medium propelling the abrasive shail be oll free unless the oil is to be removed by subsequent cleaning. The specific abrasive ma- terials used shall be suitable for performing the cleaning without depositing contaminants that cannot be re- moved by subsequent cleaning. Care is to be taken when biast cleaning so as not to remove an excessive amount of parent metal. The blasting medium and residue shall be removed in a manner that meets the clea liness levels suggested herein for oxygen service equipment. 10.2 brushing or grinding Accessible surfaces can be wire brushed. Welds can be ground and wire brushed to remove slag, grt, or ex- ‘cess weld material. Carbon steel wire brushes shall not be used on aluminum or stainless steel surfaces. Any wire brushes previously used on carbon steel shall not be used on aluminum or stainless stee! surfaces. 10.3 Tumbling Tumbling can be described as a cleaning method that uses a quantity of hard abrasive material placed in a container to clean the internal surfaces, The container is rotated to impart relative motion between the abrasive ‘material and the container. 10.4 Vacuuming and swabbing Equipment, parts, or piping can be vacuum cleaned after mechanical cleaning to remove loose particles of dirt and slag. If vacuum cleaning is not possible, the surfaces can be swabbed with a suitable solvent using a clean lint-ree cloth to remove loose dirt, slag, etc.Pace 12, CGAG-4.1—2009 10.5 Blowing and purging ‘After the equipment, parts, and piping have been mechanically cleaned and any abrasive material removed, the assembled piping should be blown with dry, oil-free air or nitrogen to remove small particles and any sol vent vapors present. If drying is not completed with the residual heat in the metal, it can be completed with dry oil-free air or nitrogen. Ifit is desirable that the equipment be maintained in a dry atmosphere before instalation ‘ruse, the dew point of the contained atmosphere should not be above ~30 °F (-34.4 °C). 11 Inspection 14.4. Approval of quality control procedures and standards Detailed cleaning and quality control procedures should be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. A source inspection by the purchaser's representative at the manufacturer's location is desirable ‘The purchaser should intially and periodically inspect the manufacturers facilities and audit the cleaning and quality control procedures. 14.4.4 Record keeping Records of the following information, as applicable, should be prepared for the cleaned equipment or assembly, kept on file, and, if requested, a copy forwarded to the purchaser: — a descriptive name ofthe item covered: its serial number; — its invoice number or other means of identification; the cleaning specification and method employed; — the dates of inspection for cleanliness; the method of inspection: — the results of inspection: and the inspector's signature and date signed. 11.2 Inspection procedures When specified by the purchaser, any one or combir be used fo accocs the cleanliness of a piece of equipment. The purchaser is responsible to ensure that the inspection procedures ‘meet all regulatory agency requirements. Failure to pass any of the specified tests requires recleaning and re- inspection and might require reevaluation of the cleaning procedures. In-process inspections to ensure the adequacy of cleaning procedures typically are desirable, 11.21 Direct visual inspection (white light) ‘This is the most common test used to detect the presence of contamination such as oils, greases, preserva- tives, moisture, corrosion products, weld slag, scale, flings, chips. and other foreign matter. The item is ob- ‘served (20/20 vision without magnification) for the absence of contaminants under strong white light and for the ‘absence of accumulations of lint fibers. This method detects particulate matter in excess of 50 1: (0.002 in) and moisture, oils, greases, etc. in relatively large amounts. The item being examined shall be recleaned if an un- acceptable amount of foreign material is detected by this inspection method. 11.2.2. Direct visual inspection (ultraviolet light) Ultraviolet (UV) light, commonly known as blacklight, causes many common hydrocarbon or organic oils or ‘greases to fluoresce when they might not otherwise be detectable by other visual means. The surface is ob- ‘served in darkness or subdued lighting using a UV light radiating at wavelengths between 2500 angstrom and 3700 angstrom units. The UV light inspection lamp should be of adequate power (greater than 800 uWicm? atCGA G-4.1—2008, Compresseo Gas ASSOCIATION, ING. Pace 13 376 mm, typically requiring a minimum of 50 W). The inspection lamp should be capable of causing a thin, near invisible film of known fluorescent oil on a metal coupon or surface to yield an observable fluorescence when Viewed under subdued lighting. Prior to cleaning a component or part, itis advisable to inspect the par to see if the contamination present is, in fact, fluorescent under UV light prior to the cleaning process. This makes post inspection with UV light to validate the effectiveness of the cleaning procedure more substantive. The inspec- tion method is sensitive to the distance between the UV lamp and the item being inspected. Smaller distances provide greater sensitivity. Underpowered UV light (low power units or heavily used bulbs) should not be used. It is recommended to check the thin film sensitivity of known fluorescent oils as a control condition test. Checks made on large vol= umes (a few militers) do not always relate to thin film fluorescence. Pre-inspection prior to cleaning is also worthwhile when using UV as an inspection process for method validation. UV inspection shall indicate that cleaned surfaces are free of any hydrocarbon fluorescence. Accumulations of lint or dust that are visible under UV light shall be removed by: blowing with dry, oll-free air or nitrogen; wiping with a clean, lint-free cloth; or vacuuming. Not all organic oils fluoresce or else fluoresce to different degrees, and for this reason UV inspection alone cannot be relied on as a test for cleanliness. Some materials such 2s cotton lint that fluoresce are acceptable unless present in excessive amounts. If fluorescence shows up as a blotch, smear, smudge, or film, reclean the fluorescing area 11.2.3 Wipe test This test is used to detect contaminants on visually inaccessible areas as an ald in the above visual inspec- tions. The surface is rubbed lightly with a clean, white paper or lint-free cloth that is then examined under white and UV light. The area should not be rubbed hard enough to remove any oxide film since this could be con- fused with any actual surface contamination. The item being examined shall be recleaned if an unacceptable ‘amount of foreign material is detected by this inspection method, 11.2.4 Water break test ‘This test can be used to detect oily residues not found by other means. The surface is wetted with a spray of potable water, which should form a thin layer and remain unbroken for at least five seconds. Beading of the water droplets indicates the presence of oil contaminants and that recleaning is required. This method is gen- erally imited to horizontal surfaces. This test is not applicable to most water soluble lubricants and other water soluble contaminants. If water soluble lubricants are known to be present, check to see if this test works on a control test specimen, typically a thin, near invisible deposit of the oil on 2 metal coupon or other flat, smooth, horizontal surface. 11.2.8 Solvent extraction test This method can be used to supplement visual techniques or to perform cleaniiness tests for specific hydrocar- bon contaminations. This method is suitable to check inaccessible surfaces by using a solvent to extract con- taminants for inspection. The surface is fushed, rinsed, or immersed in a low-residue solvent. Solvent extrac- tion is limited by the ablity ofthe procedure to reach and dissolve the contaminants present and by the loss of Contaminants during solvent evaporation (see 8.5.2.2). The equipment tested also typically contains materials ‘such as polymers or elastomers that would be attacked by the solvent and give erroneous results. The used solvent can be checked to determine the amount of nonvolatile residue by one of the following meth- ods: ‘A known quantity of a representative sample of used solvent is filtered, evaporated almost to dryness, and then transferred to @ small, weighed beaker for final evaporation with care taken not to overheat the resi- due. In the same manner, the weight of residue from a similar quantity of clean solvent is determined. The ‘amount of solvent used aiong with the weight difference between the two residues is used to compute the ‘amount of contaminant extracted per square foot (square meter) of surface area cleaned; = Aone-Iter representative sample of the unfitered used solvent is placed in an Imhoff cone and evaporated to dryness. The volume of residue can be measured direcly and used to compute the amount of contami- nant extracted per square foot (square meter of surface area cleaned. Greater sensitiy can be achieved by evaporating successive Iitrs of solvent in the same Imhoff cone; orPace 14, CompresseD Gas ASSOCIATION, INC. CGA G-4.1—2008 ~The light transmission through a known quantity of the used solvent is simultaneously compared to a simi- lar sample of new solvent. There should be lite, if any, dference in color of the solvents and very few par- ticles. Sufficient path length should be incorporated when making color or clarity comparisons. A standard Nessler tube provides a sufficient path length for comparing light transmission of used solvent to virgin sol- vent, 11.2.6 Contamination level Hydrocarbon or particulate matter residues determined by the inspection or test procedure shall not exceed the amount specified by the purchaser. i cleanliness requirements are speciied by regulatory authority, agency, or industry standard, then the inspection or test resuts shall not exceed the amount specified by their require. ment. An acceptable contamination level for oxygen service equipment is approximately 47.5 mgift (600 mg/m), but could be more or less depending on the specific application (state of fluid, temperature, and pressure). Lower contamination levels are recommended for aluminum structured packing used for oxygen distllation (see CGA G-4.8, Safe Use of Aluminum-Structured Packing for Oxygen Disilation [EIGA Doc 701/04) [11]. It the purchaser's requirement includes a particle and fiber count, then the purchaser's specification shall be met. Typical specifications are that representative square foot section of surface shall show no parle larger than 1000 j and no more than 20 particles/f (215 particles/m’) between 500 j. and 1000 uy. Isolated fibers of lint shall be no longer than 2000 y, and there shall be no accumulation of lnt fibers. The equipment and proce- dure used to very particle andlor ber count shall be agreed to by the seller and purchaser. 42 Packaging and labeling 12.1 Protection from recontamination Once a piece of equipment has been cleaned for oxygen service and the cleaning agent completely removed from the equipment, it should be suitably protected as soon as practicable to prevent recontamination during storage and prior to being placed in service. Following are several ways in which this can be done. The protec- lion provided depends on a number of factors such as the type of equipment, length of storage, and atmos- pheric conditions. The type of protection required should be specified by the purchaser. 12.1.4 Protection of openings Equipment or parts having small openings can be protected by caps or plugs. Small- to medium-sized compo- nents can be sealed in plastic bags or protected by other appropriate means. Openings on large equioment can be sealed preferably with caps, plugs, or blind flanges where appropriate. Taped solid board blanks or other durable covers that cannot introduce contamination to the equipment when removed can also be used to seal ‘such openings. 124.2 Pressurization Equipment with large internal volumes can be filed to a slight positive pressure with dry, olLfree air or nitrogen after all openings have been sealed and valves have been closed. Parts in suitable plastic bags can be purged with inert gas or evacuated and sealed. The potential asphyxiation hazard shall be considered if nitrogen is used 12.2 Labeling Where the purchaser's requirements include labeling to show service cleaning of parts or equipment, a state- ment such as “Cleaned for oxygen service” or other suitable wording should appear on the part or package as ‘applicable. Additional information that can be included is: a statement, “This equipment is cleaned in accordance with Oxygen Cleaning Specification No. date of inspection and the inspector's stamp or marking} — description ofthe part, including part number if available:CGAG-4.1—2009, Coupressep Gas ASSOCIATION, INC. Pace 16 — statement, "Do not open until ready to use"; and warning of asphyxiation hazard if applicable 13 Personnel safety Cleaning operations for oxygen service equipment shall be carried out in a manner that provides for the safety and health of personnel performing the work and shall conform to local ordinances and federal, state, and pro- Vincial regulations. 43.1 Instructions and supervision Operators shall be instructed in the safe use of the cleaning agents including any hazards associated with the Use of these agents. MSDSs for all chemicals shall be reviewed prior fo using the chemicals. Written instruc- tions shall be issued whenever special safety considerations are involved. A responsible individual shall direct, oxygen cleaning operations, 13.2 Dangerous chemicals No highly toxic chemicals shall be used. The use of carcinogenic or potentially carcinogenic material is not rec ‘ommended. CAUTION: Carbon tetrachloride shail not be employed in any cleaning operation. ‘The health hazards associated with the use of any solvent shall be considered in its selection. The user shall ‘ensure that the Threshold Limit Value—Time-Weighted Average (TLV®-TWA) is not exceeded for a specific solvent [12]. Breathing of solvent fumes and liquid contact with the skin should be avoided. MSDSs for solvents should be obtained from the solvent manufacturer. Caution shall be exercised in using solvents commonly referred to as nonflammable that are flammable in air under certain conditions. The concentrations creating a flammable mixture in air are usually well in excess of the concentration that cause physiological harm. Therefore, when removing solvents to the extent necessary to protect personnel from respiratory harm, it shall not be forgotten that purging with air can create a flammable mixture, Aso, fallure to purge adequately can leave a flammable mixture that in the presence of heat, flame, or sparks can result in a dangerous energy release. Follow normal industry procedures in the mixing and handling of acids and caustics to eliminate injuries, ‘Special consideration should be given to the safe disposal of waste-cleaning solution, 13.3 Protective equipment Face shields or goggles shall be provided for face or eye protection from cleaning solutions. Safety glasses with side protection shall be provided for protection from injuries due to flying particles. Protective clothing shall be provided when required to prevent cleaning solutions from contacting the skin. Proper gloves should be used. Verify with the manufacturer that the cleaning agents) are compatible with the gloves and other protec- tive equipment used, Self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided wherever there is a possibilty of a deficiency of oxygen {ue to the use of an inert gas purge or if there is any possibilty of exceeding allowable TLVs (see ANSI Z88.2, Practices for Respiratory Protection) {13} 13.4 Proper ventilation All areas where cleaning compounds and solvents are used should be adequately ventilated, In outdoor opera- tions, locate cleaning operations so that operators can work upwind of solvent vapor accumulations.Pace 16. CompresseD Gas ASSOCIATION, INC. CGAG-4.1—2009 13.8 Special situations 43.5.1 Entering vessels Work should not be performed inside 2 vessel or confined area until the vessel or confined area has been properly prepared and work procedures are established that ensure the safety of workers. Potential hazards of vessel entry include asphyxiation and flammability and toxicity of chemicals. See 29 CFR 1910.146 for guid- ance on confined space entry [14]. CAUTION: The work procedures shall be strictly adhered to or serious injury or fatality can occur. The confined ‘space entry can be made more hazardous by the presence of cleaning agents. 13.8.2 Heating solvents ‘Some solvents upon heating can break down into dangerous compounds, some at temperatures not far above the boiling point of water. Review the MSDS for solvents being used to determine If this hazard exists. Ventilation shall be adequate to prevent breathing excessive amounts of the solvent vapors or their decomposi- tion products. Air respirators shall be used in situations where the concentration of solvent vapors or any other {foreign material in the atmosphere exceeds their TLV. 13.5.3 Welding near solvents Parts to be welded shall be free of cleaning solvents. UV rays and heat from welding can decompose certain solvents to produce hazardous gases. Accordingly, the atmosphere in the vicinity of such operations shall be {ree from those solvent vapors. Review the MSDSs for solvents being used to determine if this hazard exists, 14 References Unless otherwise specified, the latest edition shall apply. [1] CGA C-10, Recommended Procedures for Changes of Gas Service for Compressed Gas Cylinders, Com- pressed Gas Association, Inc., 4221 Walney Rd., 5th Floor, Chantily, VA 20151. wwww.caanet.com [2] CGA PS-13, CGA Position Statement on Definition of a Threshold Oxygen-Mixture Concentration Requiring Special Cleaning of Equipment, Compressed Gas Association, 4221 Walney Rd., 5th Floor, Chantilly, VA 20161. wwnw.caanet.com [3] CGA P-11, Metric Practice Guide for the Compressed Gas Industry, Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 421 Walney Rd, Sth Floor, Chantily, VA 20181. ww caanet,com [4] CGA G-4.3, Commodity Specification for Oxygen, Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 4221 Walney Rd., Sth Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151. wwnv.cganet.com [5] Walter, A.E. and J.W. Parker, "Solvent-Based Cleaning: A Viable Alternative for Precision Cleaning,” Preci- sion Cleaning, February 1994, CleanTech, 20 Commerce St., Flemington, NJ 08822. wenn cleantechoentral.com [6] The Clean Air Act of 1990, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ariel Rios Building, 1200 Pennsylvania ‘Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460. www.epa.aov. [7] The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, United Nations Environment Pro- gramme, Ozone Secretariat, P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya. wwnu.unep.oraiozone [8] ASTM G121, Standard Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Coupons for the Evaluation of Clean- ing Agents, ASTM international, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., Conshohocken, PA 19428. wwwnv. astm, orgCGAG-4.1—2008, Compressed GAS ASSOCIATION, INC, PAGE 17 [9] ASTM G122, Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents, ASTM Interna- tional, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., Conshohocken, PA 19428. vww.astm.ora [10] ASTM G127, Standard Guide for the Selection of Cleaning Agents for Oxygen Systems, ASTM Interna- tional, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., Conshohocken, PA 19428. www.astm org [11] CGA G-4.8, Safe Use of Aluminum-Structured Packing for Oxygen Distillation (EIGA Doc 701/04), Com- pressed Gas Association, Inc., 4221 Waney Ra., Sth Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151. wunw.cganel.com [12] TLVs® and BEIs® Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Ex- posure Indices, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hyglenists, 1330 Kemper Meadow Dr., Cin- cinnati, OH 45240, ww acaih.org [13] ANSI 288.2, Respiratory Protection, American National Standards Institute, Inc., 25 West 43rd St,, New York, NY 10036, www.ansi.org, [14] Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 (Labor) Part 1910, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. www.apoaccess gov 15 Additional references ASTM.G93, Standard Practice for Cleaning Methods and Cleanliness Levels for Material and Equioment Used in Oxygen-Enriched Environments, ASTM Intemational, 100 Barr Harbor Driv fn 19428, www.astm.org CGA G-4.4, Oxygen Pipeline Systems (EIGA Doc 13/02), Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 4221 Walney Ra, 5th Floor, Chantily, VA 20151, waw.caanet com CGA G-4., Safe Use of Brazed Aluminum Heat Exchangers for Producing Pressurized Oxygen (EIGA Doc 702/04), Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 4221 Walney Rd,, 5th Floor, Chantily, VA 20151, wow oganet com CGAP-8, Safe Practices Guide for Cryogenic Air Separation Plants, Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 4221 Walney Rd., Sth Floor, Chantily, VA 20151. www.caanet,com CGA P-8.4, Safe Operation of Reboilers/Condensers in Air Separation Units (EIGA DOC 85/98), Compressed Gas Association, inc., 4221 Walney Ra. Sth Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151. wow caanet.com EN 12300 Cryogenic Vessels—Cleanliness for Cryogenic Service, European Committee for Standardization, 36 rue de Stassart, B-1050 Brussels. www.cen.eu EIGA Doc 33/06, Cleaning of Equipment for Oxygen Service, European Industrial Gases Association, Avenue es Arts 3-5, B-1210 Brussels, Belgium. www eiga.org Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (Food and Drugs) Parts 210 and 211, Sections 211.67(a), Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. wiww.apoaccess covCompressed Gas Association, Inc. 14501 George Carter Way Suite 103 Cea WAU a 703-788-2700 www.cganet.com