RESEARCH PLAN (TENTATIVE)
Class Section: Group Number: Date:
Group Leader:
Group Members
Rationale
Include a brief synopsis of the background that supports your research problem and explain why this research is important and if applicable, explain any
societal impact of your research.
Electrolysis and filtration are two distinct methods used in water treatment for filtering and purifying water, each
with its own set of principles and applications. They are used separately as they serve distinct purposes and are
typically not directly combined in a single unit. This study aims to develop a hybrid water treatment prototype by
integrating two methods for enhanced convenience and improved outcomes. Additionally, the research intends to
assess the variation and difference in Burnham lakewater pH levels before and after its exposure to the "Hybrid
Prototype."
Research Question or Problem being addressed
1. Is there any difference in the pH level of the lakewater when using the hybrid prototype compared to
electrolysis alone?
2. How effective is the hybrid prototype in changing the pH level of lakewater?
Goals/Expected Outcomes/Hypotheses
1. To create a simple and effective hybrid prototype for filtration and electrolysis
2. To test the useability of the prototype in doing filtration and electrolysis
3. To test, measure and compare the difference in pH level of lakewater before and after it was put into the
prototype
4. To try different time interval and record its effect on the lakewater pH level
Procedures:
Detail all procedures and experimental design to be used for data collection.
Identify location where there is an accessible labs that can measure pH levels.
Risk and Safety:
Identify any potential risks and safety precautions needed.
1. Wear safety goggles, gloves, and appropriate protective clothing to shield against potential splashes or contact
with chemicals.
2. Ensure adequate ventilation in the electrolysis area to dissipate any gasses produced during the process.
3. Be cautious with electrical connections and avoid contact with water to prevent electrical hazards.
4. Handle any chemicals involved in the electrolysis process with care and according to safety data sheets (SDS).
5. Have access to safety equipment such as eyewash stations and emergency showers in case of chemical
exposure.
6. Calibrate pH meters and electrodes regularly according to manufacturer guidelines to ensure accurate
readings.
7. Store pH meters, electrodes, and solutions properly to prevent damage and contamination.
Data Analysis:
Examine, organize, and interpret data to answer research questions, or either accept or reject hypotheses.
-Measure the pH level of the lakewater sample using the pH meter in the designated lab
-Compare the difference of pH level using statistical tool to know if there is a significant difference on the pH level
when put into the hybrid prototype.
Bibliography:
List at least five (5) major references (e.g., science journal articles, books, internet sites) from your literature review using the APA style formatting and
citation. If you plan to use vertebrate animals, one of these references must be an animal care reference.
Does the presence and quality of urban green spaces in Baguio City have a significant impact on local air quality,
specifically in terms of reducing particulate matter (PM) concentrations?
Goals/Expected Outcomes/Hypotheses
● To assess the relationship between the density and quality of urban green spaces and PM concentrations.
● To determine if areas with more and better-maintained green spaces have lower PM levels.
● To hypothesize that neighborhoods with higher green space coverage will exhibit better air quality, as
indicated by lower PM concentrations.
Procedures:
Detail all procedures and experimental design to be used for data collection.
● Site Selection:
o Identify representative neighborhoods in Baguio City with varying degrees of green space coverage
and air quality.
● Data Collection:
o Measure and record PM concentrations at multiple locations within selected neighborhoods using air
quality monitors.
o Conduct field surveys to assess the quality and density of green spaces in each neighborhood.
o Collect meteorological data, including temperature, humidity, and wind speed, to account for weather-
related factors.
● Data Analysis:
o Use statistical methods to analyze the correlation between green space metrics (e.g., green space
area, tree density) and PM concentrations.
o Assess the significance of any relationships found.
● Mapping:
o Create maps to visualize the spatial distribution of green spaces and air quality measurements.
● Statistical Tests:
o Perform regression analysis to test the hypothesis that green space characteristics are predictive of
lower PM concentrations.
Risk and Safety:
Identify any potential risks and safety precautions needed.
● Ensure that air quality monitoring equipment is used safely and according to manufacturer guidelines.
● Take necessary precautions when conducting field surveys in green spaces to avoid hazards such as tripping
or insect bites.
Data Analysis:
Examine, organize, and interpret data to answer research questions, or either accept or reject hypotheses.
The data will be analyzed using statistical software, and the correlation between green space attributes and PM
concentrations will be examined. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and mapping techniques will be
employed to interpret the results and test the hypotheses.
Bibliography:
List at least five (5) major references (e.g., science journal articles, books, internet sites) from your literature review using the APA style formatting and
citation. If you plan to use vertebrate animals, one of these references must be an animal care reference.
Baguio City Environmental and Parks Management Office. (2018). Baguio City Parks and Recreational Facilities
Inventory and Assessment.
Escobedo, F. J., Kroeger, T., & Wagner, J. E. (2011). Urban forests and pollution mitigation: Analyzing ecosystem
services and disservices. Environmental Pollution, 159(8-9), 2078-2087.
He, S., & Yang, J. (2019). Impacts of green space and land use/land cover on urban thermal environment: A case
study of the city of Edmonton, Canada. Sustainable Cities and Society, 51, 101723.
Nowak, D. J., & Dwyer, J. F. (2000). Understanding the Benefits and Costs of Urban Forest Ecosystems. In
Urban and Community Forestry in the Northeast (pp. 25-46).
USEPA. (2016). Monitoring PM2.5 in Ambient Air Using Designated Reference or Class I Equivalent Methods.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-454/B-16-007.
Rationale
Include a brief synopsis of the background that supports your research problem and explain why this research is important and if applicable, explain any
societal impact of your research.
Baguio City is known for its unique geography and diverse ecosystem, making it an ideal location to study bird
diversity. This research seeks to document and understand the avian biodiversity in the city, which can contribute
to conservation efforts, ecotourism, and the overall understanding of urban ecosystems.
Research Question or Problem being addressed
What is the extent of bird species diversity in Baguio City, and how does it vary across different urban and
suburban habitats?
Goals/Expected Outcomes/Hypotheses
● To create a comprehensive inventory of bird species in Baguio City.
● To identify habitat preferences of different bird species within urban and suburban areas.
● To assess the impact of urbanization on avian biodiversity in the city.
Procedures:
Detail all procedures and experimental design to be used for data collection.
● Site Selection:
o Identify representative areas in Baguio City with frequently visited by different bird species.
● Data Collection:
o Conduct bird surveys using standardized bird-watching techniques in various urban and suburban
locations across Baguio City.
● Habitat Assessment:
o Document habitat types (e.g., parks, gardens, forests) and environmental variables (e.g., vegetation
cover, noise levels) at each survey site.
● Data Recording:
o Record bird species, their behaviors, and environmental conditions during each observation session.
● Data Analysis:
o Analyze collected data to determine species richness, abundance, diversity indices, and habitat
preferences.
Risk and Safety:
Identify any potential risks and safety precautions needed.
● Ensure students have appropriate bird-watching gear (binoculars, field guides, notebooks).
● Advise students to follow ethical bird-watching practices (e.g., maintaining a respectful distance, not
disturbing nests).
● Emphasize the importance of safety while navigating urban and suburban areas, especially if conducting
surveys near roadways.
Data Analysis:
Examine, organize, and interpret data to answer research questions, or either accept or reject hypotheses.
● Calculate species richness and diversity indices (e.g., Shannon-Wiener index) for each survey location.
● Perform statistical analyses (e.g., ANOVA) to compare bird diversity across different habitats and urbanization
levels.
Bibliography:
List at least five (5) major references (e.g., science journal articles, books, internet sites) from your literature review using the APA style formatting and
citation. If you plan to use vertebrate animals, one of these references must be an animal care reference.
Bibby, C. J., Burgess, N. D., Hill, D. A., & Mustoe, S. H. (2000). Bird Census Techniques. Academic Press.
Cooper, C. B., Dickinson, J., Phillips, T., & Bonney, R. (2007). Citizen science as a tool for conservation in
residential ecosystems. Ecology and Society, 12(2), 11.
"Ethical Birding Guidelines." American Birding Association (ABA).
Gaston, K. J., & Fuller, R. A. (2007). Biodiversity and extinction: Losing the common and the widespread.
Progress in Physical Geography, 31(3), 213-225.
MacKinnon, J., & Phillipps, K. (2000). A Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Bali. Oxford
University Press.
McKinney, M. L. (2008). Effects of urbanization on species richness: A review of plants and animals. Urban
Ecosystems, 11(2), 161-176.
