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$+.+,+,3838.++5+8.3+4+5>8=>5.+:+=7/8/;+:5+8598</:5/63<=;35+8.+85/7+18/=+8
.+6+7 ,/;,+1+3 :/8A/6/<+3+8 7+<+6+2 .+8 :;9.>5 =/5896913 ./81+8 -+;+ 7/709;7>6+<35+8
1+A+63<=;355>+=7/.+863<=;3506>5<:9=/8<3+663<=;35/8/;13:9=/8<3+663<=;35</;=+:/8/;+:+88A+
:+.+5/:381</4+4+;
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@1;18@5B9CD9G1D5BC52ED25B8E2E>71>45>71>C989B1D1E;1841@1D49:5<1C;1>
C531B19<=918>41D5>DE9>79>D18E:1G121>>H12E;1>1<1=2129>9>41
1;1>=5=@5<1:1B9C52E183121>79<=E9C9;1H1>741@1D=5>:5<1C;1>@5B9CD9G1
@5B9CD9G1D5BC52EDH19DE5<5;DB?CD1D9;1<9CDB9;CD1D9C"149@5<1:1B9<182129>9
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'/,>=5+8.>+4/83<7>+=+8 (1412129>9>411;1>=5=@5<1:1B925C1B1>25C1B1>9C9;1H1>725B;19D1>
63<=;35A+818.+5/=+2>3 45>71>=E1D1><9CDB9;H1>7491=121>79<=E9C9;19>949C52ED$#,*'+,,!#
35+.>+,/8.+,/;7>+=+8
63<=;35 </4/83< <+6381
.3./5+=5+8+:+A+81+5+8
=/;4+.3 +1+37+8+ 435+
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%1&%5
8=/;+5<3++8=+;7>+=+8
</4/83<+5+8=96+57/896+5
.+8,7>+=+8=+5</4/83<
+5+8 =+;357/8+;35 !
+11D 9>9 49;5D18E9 218G1 75:1<1 ;5<9CDB9;1> 25B1G1< 41B9 1D?= D?=
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5<5;DB?> 1D?= 1;1> 25B=E1D1> >571D96
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21D1>7<19>>H125B=E1D1><9CDB9;>571D96
%1&%5
+ '/,>+2,+=+81691+78/=;+6
, "/84+.35+8,+=+81
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1>D1B=E1D1> <9CDB9; D5BC52ED (5BD1>H11> 9>9 49:1G12 ?<58 & /*$0 #$
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# N

"9;1 >9<19 0 P N &= 49=1CE;;1> ;5 $/0 + , 5
49@5B?<58#P &=
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1+A+:+.+7>+=+8
F 12
96/27>+=+8 .+8
1+A+:+.+7>+=+8
96/27>+=+8
+ Q1
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1
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# &= &
* =
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2 "1B1; 3= C1=1 45>71> ;1<9 :1B1; C5=E<1 3= 1B9 $/0 + , 5
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* $+.+ +803<35+@+8
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+.+6+2<+6+2<+=>367>@+8
=5>:149 :/;=+7+A+817/8/63=37/81/8+3
-+;+7>+=+863<=;35,/;/+5<3
P & & !81&)5

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)

= =
!
3 !
9;5D18E9 P N P N
P N* =41>* =
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?<58 C52ED C5@5BD949@5B<981D;1>@141 +! /!5C1BC5D91@71H1D5BC52ED
141<18

#
*
&= =
&
6/5=;9<=+=35+
%7%82'-

B 6/5=;98 # &= &
* =
B 6/5=;9<=+=35+
B +A+ 9>697, '<58 ;1B5>1 25B<1G1>1> 1B18 45>71> B5CE<D1>>H1 141<18
B >5>7 9>697, N &N &N&
B 98<=+8=+
5>71> ;1D1 <19> 25C1B 71H1 @141 =E1D1> 141<18 & 41> 25B1B18 ;5 ;9B9
5/</,+8.381+8
B ">+=+863<=;35 D1>41 & ,!
B $/;73=3?3=+< 63<=;35
;>+812+7:+

+52E18 C579D971 C9;EC9;E 49 (1>:1>7 C9C9 3= 41> @1>:1>7 C9C9
3= ,971 2E18 =E1D1> D9D9; =1C9>7=1C9>7 41>
49D5=@1D;1>25BDEBEDDEBED49D9D9;41>,5>DE;1>71H1H1>7491<1=9=E1D1>
<9CDB9;49D9D9;
3 !
9;5D18E9 P N P N P N
* 3= =41>* 3= =
%E1D1>49D9D9;49D1B9;?<58=E1D1>49D9D9;41>49D1B9;?<58=E1D1>49D9D9;
45>71>1B18=1C9>7=1C9>7C5@5BD949DE>:E;;1>@14171=21B25B9;ED
5C1B ;54E1 C5D91@ 71H1 D5BC52ED 141<18

3=

N

3=

# &= &
* =

# &= &
* =
'<58 ;1B5>1 ;54E1 71H1 C1<9>7 D571; <EBEC B5CE<D1> 71H1 @141 =E1D1> 49 D9D9;
141<18
& & &
&
41> 1B18>H1 1B3 D1> 1B3 D1> 1B3 D1> D5B8141@
&

+52E18 25>41 25B=1CC1 7B1= 41> 25B=E1D1> 4971>DE>7;1> @141
C5ED1C D1<9 B9>71> H1>7 =1CC1>H1 41@1D 491219;1> ,5@1D 49 C525<18 ;1>1> 25>41
@141 :1B1; 3= 49<5D1;;1> =E1D1> N H1>7 =5>H5212;1> @?C9C9 25>41
=5>:149 C5@5BD9 @141 +! / ,5>DE;1> 25C1B 71H1 D571>71> D1<9 C5BD1 CE4ED
1>D1B1 71H1 D571>71> D1<9 41> 71B9C F5BD9;1<
$;+5=3</6+4+;3<35+>8=>5 /6+<*
3 !
9;5D18E9 % 7 ;7 P N N 41>
* 3= =
1H171H1H1>725;5B:1@141=E1D1> 49DE>:E;;1>@141 +! /!3141<18
71H1 ?E<?=2 @141 =E1D1> ?<58 w 141<18 71H1 25B1D =E1D1> 41>
141<18 71H1 D571>71> D1<9 H1>7 :E71 25;5B:1 @141 5C1B 71H1 ?E<?=2 41>
71H1 25B1D C5D91@ 25>41 141<18

# &= &
* =
41>w % ;7 =C &

w

w
! "
+9CD5= 41<1= ;51411> C5D9=21>7 =1;1 B5CE<D1> 71H1 H1>7 25;5B:1 @141 =E1D1>
C1=145>71>>?<+531B17B169C;5D97171H1D5BC52ED=5=25>DE;C52E18C579D971
C9;EC9;EC5@5BD9D1=@1;@141 +! /"+531B175?=5DB949@5B?<58D1>41;EBE>7
291C1 7E>1;1> 41<9< (8HD17?B1C
* w & & &

41> CE4ED>H1 D5B8141@ 71B9C F5BD9;1<
&
1B3 D1> 1B3 D1> 1B3 D1>
w
&
!3%0)2+8%6%%2 ,*!
$/( ) ,* & #' # * + !2)2 * 1'& , ,#
E12E18=E1D1><9CDB9; 41> D5B@9C18@141:1B1; <5;DB?> 1D?= 894B?75> 25B75B1; =5>75<9<9>79 9>D9
* 1H1 9>D5B1;C9 1>D1B=E1D1> D5BC52ED 141<18 1D?= @141 ?B29D <9>7;1B1> 45>71> :1B9:1B9 K
,5>DE;1> 25C1B 71H1 9>D5B1;C9>H1 :9;1 %E1D1>9>D91D?= P N 41>=E1D1>5<5;DB?>
1 :1B1;>H149:149;1>C5D5>718;1<9C5=E<1C541>7;1> N P N
=E1D1>>H1 D5D1@ 41> 1 ,5>DE;1> 71H1 5<5;DB?CD1D9; ?E<?=2 1>D1B1
2 25C1B;54E1=E1D1>=5>:1494E1;1<9C541>7;1> 5<5;DB?>41>9>D91D?=D5BC52ED
:1B1;>H1 D5D1@ 2 ,5>DE;1> ;535@1D1> 5<5;DB?> 9;5D18E9 =1CC1
E1 2E18 =E1D1> <9CDB9; 41> 5<5;DB?> P N ;7
D5B@9C18@141:1B1; 3= (141D9D9;D9D9;CE4EDC52E18C579D971C1=1C9C945>71>
1 ,5>DE;1>71H1?E<?=21>D1B=E1D1> D5BC52ED @1>:1>7 C9C9 3= D5B41@1D =E1D1> <9CDB9; CD1D9C
2 "9;1:1B1;>H149:149;1> 3=25B1@1;1825C1B71H1 =1C9>7=1C9>7 41> ,5>DE;1>71H1
?E<?=2 C5;1B1>7 ?E<?=2 H1>7 491<1=9 C5D91@ =E1D1>
3 "9;1C52E18=E1D1>)1;1>49<5D1;;1>49C5;9D1B
;54E1 =E1D1> 49 =1>1;18 =E1D1> ) 81BEC
49<5D1;;1>171B=E1D1>D5BC52EDD941;=5>41@1D
71H1
6/5=;9<=+=35+
)(%2-675-/
%7%82'- & $!+,*!# 141<18 BE1>7 1D1E 415B18 H1>7 =1C98 49@5>71BE89 71H1
B "/.+8 63<=;35 <9CDB9; %541> <9CDB9; C5<1<E 141 49 C5;9D1B =E1D1> <9CDB9; 5C1B1> H1>7
B ">+=+8=3=35
497E>1;1>E>DE;=5>H1D1;1>=541><9CDB9;49C52ED;E1D=541><9CDB9;
)(%2-675-/30),)2(%"-7-/)518%7%2
41D941;>H1=541><9CDB9;49CE1DE415B1849E:945>71>31B1=5>H9=@1>
C52E18 =E1D1> E:9 @?C9D96 49 415B18 D5BC52ED "9;1 =E1D1> E:9 D5BC52ED
=5>41@1D 71H1 25B1BD9 141 =541> <9CDB9; 49 415B18 D5BC52ED +521<9;>H1
:9;1=E1D1>E:9D941;=5>41@1D71H125B1BD9D941;141=541><9CDB9;49415B18
D5BC52ED #5D9;1 =E1D1> E:9 =5>41@1D 71H1 ;E1D =541> <9CDB9; 49 415B18
D5BC52ED 494569>9C9;1> C521719 71H1 H1>7 491<1=9 =E1D1> E:9 492179 ?<58
25C1B=E1D1>E:9+531B1=1D5=1D9C49DE<9C

)
N
45>71> ;E1D=541><9CDB9;&
71H1H1>7491<1=9=E1D1>E:9&41>
)? 25C1B=E1D1>E:9
$/0 + , 5 =5>E>:E;;1> 218G1 1B18 =541> <9CDB9; C5<1<E C1=1
45>71> 1B18 71H1 @141 =E1D1> E:9 ->DE; =5=181=9 1B18 =541> <9CDB9;
D9>:1E<18 +! / #5D9;1 =E1D1> E:9 @?C9D96 49C9=@1> @141 :1B1; * 41B9
=E1D1>CE=25B@?C9D96<981D +! / =E1D1>E:9D5BC52ED1;1>=5>41@1D
71H1 D?<1; 41B9 =E1D1> CE=25B '<58 ;1B5>1 1B18 71H1 @141 =E1D1> E:9
=5>:1E89=E1D1>CE=25B1B18=541><9CDB9;>H1@E>=5>:1E89=E1D1>CE=25B
;1> D5D1@9 ;5D9;1 =E1D1> CE=25B>H1 >571D96 <981D +! / ! 1B18
71H1@141=E1D1>E:9=5>E:E=E1D1>CE=25BD1B9;=5>1B9;C589>7711B18
=541><9CDB9;>H1@E>=5>E:E=E1D1>CE=25B>571D965>71>45=9;91>41@1D
49C9=@E<;1>218G11B18=541><9CDB9;49C5;9D1B=E1D1>CE=25B@?C9D96C5<1<E
=5>:1E89 =E1D1> CE=25B>H1 41> C521<9;>H1 1B18 =541> <9CDB9; 49 C5;9D1B
=E1D1>CE=25B>571D96C5<1<E=5>E:E;5=E1D1>D5BC52ED
%1&%5
;+2 7/.+8 63<=;35
+.3</53=+;7>+=+8:9<3=30.+8
,.3</53=+;7>+=+88/1+=30
+5CE1945>71>$/0 + , 571H1H1>7491<1=9=E1D1>E:9@?C9D96)

41B9C52E18=E1D1>CE=25BH1>7D5B@9C18@141:1B1;*41@1D49DE<9C
)
/ #

"9;1@5BC1=11>D5BC52ED49CE2CD9DEC9;1>;5$/0 + , 5 25C1B;E1D
=541><9CDB9;H1>74981C9<;1>?<58CE=25B=E1D1>D9D9;49>H1D1;1>45>71>
@5BC1=11>
$;+5=3</6+4+;3<35+>8=>5 /6+<*

) # / N
$/0 + , 5 =5>E>:E;;1> 218G1 ;E1D =541> <9CDB9; @141 CE1DE

!3086-
D9D9; 49 C5;9D1B C52E18 =E1D1> <9CDB9; C521>49>7 45>71> 25C1B =E1D1>>H1
)5(%6
>+:+;=35/67+<3817+<381
41> 25B21>49>7 D5B21<9; 45>71> ;E14B1D :1B1; D9D9; ;5 =E1D1> D5BC52ED
,/;7>+=+8 .+8 A+81
5>71>;1D1<19>:9;1=E1D1>>H149:149;1> ;1<9C5=E<1@141:1B1;H1>7 ,/<+;.+84/83<8A+=3.+5
D5D1@;E1D=541><9CDB9;>H1=5>:149 ;1<9C5=E<1;1>D5D1@9:9;1:1B1;>H1 .35/=+2>3=/;:3<+2.+;3 "3
49:149;1> ;1<9 C5=E<1 =E1D1> CE=25B>H1 D5D1@ ;E1D =541> <9CDB9;>H1 +8=+;+5/.>+7>+=+8=/;</,>=
.+8:+.+1+;3<2>,>818A+
1;1>=5>:149 ;1<9C5=E<1;1B5>1;E1D=541>25B21>49>7D5B21<9;45>71> =/;.+:+==3=35$:+.+4+;+5
.+;3% 35+7/.+863<=;35.3
;E14B1D :1B1;>H1 =3=35$7+5+
#E1D =541> <9CDB9; 49 CE1DE D9D9; 1;921D 2525B1@1 CE=25B =E1D1> D9D9; + .+8 +.+6+27>+=+8
49D5>DE;1>45>71>31B1=5>:E=<18;1>C531B1F5;D?BC5=E1;E1D=541><9CDB9; 7>+=+8A+81=3.+5</4/83<
, :9=/8<3+6.3=3=35$A+81
H1>7 49D9=2E<;1> ?<58 C5D91@ =E1D1> C5@5BD9 H1>7 D5<18 49<1;E;1> E>DE;
.3</,+,5+896/2 .+8
=5>789DE>771H1?E<?=2@141C52E18=E1D1>?<582525B1@1=E1D1><19> <+7+
- ,/<+;7>+=+8 5+63
,/<+;7>+=+8 .+8
</4/83<
. ,/<+;7>+=+8 5+63
,9D9;(25B:1B1; 3=41B9C52E18=E1D1>D9D9;H1>725C1B>H1 ,/<+;7>+=+8 .+8
</4/83<
1 9DE>725C1B41>1B18=541><9CDB9;49D9D9;(
/ ,/<+;7>+=+8 5+63
2 5B1@1 @5B35@1D1> 1G1< =E1D1> ) H1>7 49<5@1C;1> 41B9 D9D9; ( :9;1
=1CC1>H1 7 ,/<+;7>+=+8 .+8
</4/83<
3 ! )2;)0)6%-%2
9;5D18E9* 3= = P ) P
N N

: :
41>% 7 P N ;7
1 5C1B;E1D=541><9CDB9;49D9D9;(141<18 $
"

# &= &
* = 35/=+2>3:
: :C:
41> 1B18>H1 =5>:1E89 =E1D1>
:C:
: :
2 5B41C1B;1> E;E= #54E1 &5GD?> 1H1 H1>7 491<1=9 =E1D1> ) 49
%
D9D9; ( 25B41C1B;1> $/0 + , 5 141<18

) P N P &&

C589>771 @5B35@1D1> 1G1<>H1
&
=C
% ;7

1
</4/83<
E12E18=E1D1><9CDB9;=1C9>7=1C9>7 41> N D5B@9C18@141 4
:1B1; 3=C1DEC1=1<19>,5>DE;1>25C1B41>1B18=541><9CDB9;49D9D9;(:9;1 %:%&)
1 D9D9; (D5BC52ED 25B141 @141 71B9C 8E2E>7 ;54E1 =E1D1> C5:1E8 3= 41B9 #
1D1E 3=41B9) 41>
2 D9D9;(25B141@141:1B1; 3=41B9 41> 3=41B9
3 !
%541> <9CDB9; 49 C5;9D1B 4E1 2E18 =E1D1> <9CDB9; =5BE@1;1> B5CE<D1> 41B9 =541>
<9CDB9;H1>749D9=2E<;1>?<58C5D91@=E1D1>D5BC52ED'<58;1B5>19DE>41D5B<5298
418E<E 81BEC =5>771=21B;1> 1B18 =541> 49 D9D9; ( H1>7 49C5212;1> ?<58 C5D91@
=E1D1>
6/5=;9<=+=35+
(

3= 3=
1 #E1D =541> <9CDB9; 49 D9D9; ( ?<58 =1C9>7=1C9>7 =E1D1> 49DE>:E;;1> @141
71=21B1B18;E1D=541><9CDB9;?<58=E1D1> 49D9D9;(C52ED
=5>:1E89;5=E1D1> ;1B5>1 @?C9D961D1E=5>E:E 41>1B18;E1D=541>
<9CDB9;49D9D9;(?<58=E1D1> N C52ED 141<18=5>E:E=E1D1>
;1B5>1 >571D96 5C1B =1C9>7=1C9>7 ;E1D =541> <9CDB9; D5BC52ED 141<18

# &= & 41>
*
=

# &= &
*
=
'<58 ;1B5>1 41> C51B18 B5CE<D1>>H1 141<18

P & & &
"149;E1D=541><9CDB9;49D9D9;(141<18P &=5>E:E=E1D1>
2 #E1D=541><9CDB9;49D9D9;(?<58C5D91@=E1D1>49DE>:E;;1>@14171=21B2
5C1B ;E1D =541> <9CDB9; ?<58 C5D91@ =E1D1> 141<18
3=
3=
N
3=
!

# &= & 41>
*(
=

# &= &
*(
=
'<58 ;1B5>1 41> C1<9>7 D571; <EBEC 25C1B B5CE<D1>>H1 141<18

( & & &

E1 2E18 =E1D1> =1C9>7=1C9>7 41> D5B@9C18 @141 :1B1;
3= ,9D9; ( D5B<5D1; C545=9;91> C589>771 ;E1D =541>>H1 C1=1 45>71> >?<
,5>DE;1>@?C9C9D9D9;(41B9=E1D1>
3 !
#E1D =541> 49 D9D9; ( 141<18 B5CE<D1> 4E1 ;E1D =541> <9CDB9; F5;D?B H1>7
49D9=2E<;1> ?<58 =E1D1> 41> *5CE<D1> 4E1 2E18 F5;D?B C1=1 45>71> >?<
:9;1 25C1B ;54E1 F5;D?B D5BC52ED C1=1 D5D1@9 25B<1G1>1> 1B18 +H1B1D D5BC52ED
49@5>E89:9;1D9D9;( 25B141@14171B9C8E2E>71>D1B1 41>
$;+5=3</6+4+;3<35+>8=>5 /6+<*

* *
3=
Q
$/0 + , 5 =5>E>:E;;1> 218G1 171B ;E1D =541> <9CDB9; C1=1 =1;1
r2

81BECC1=15>71>;1D1<19> 1D1E
* * * *
C589>771 49@5B?<58
* *
5>71> 45=9;91> @?C9C9 D9D9; ( 41B9 =E1D1> ) 141<18 @141 :1B1;
* 3=3=;51B18

08/6-675-/(%28/81%866
+5:1E89>9>41D5<18=5>77E>1;1> E;E=?E<?=2E>DE;=5>789DE>7
=541><9CDB9;49CE1DED9D9;49C5;9D1B=E1D1>CE=25B%5D?41<19>H1>741@1D
497E>1;1> E>DE; =5>789DE>7 =541> <9CDB9; 141<18 45>71> =5>77E>1;1>
E;E=1ECC->DE;=5=181=9 E;E=1ECCD5B<5298418E<E>4181BEC
=5=181=9@5>75BD91>71B9C71B9C71H1=541><9CDB9;41>6<E;C<9CDB9;
%541> <9CDB9; 41@1D 4971=21B;1> ?<58 71B9C71B9C 71H1 =541> <9CDB9;
B1871B9C71B9C71H1=541><9CD9;49C5;9D1B=E1D1>C5<1<E;5<E1B41B9=E1D1>
<9CDB9;@?C9D9641>=5>E:E;5=E1D1><9CDB9;>571D96 +! / =5=@5B<981D;1>
71B9C71B9C71H1=541><9CDB9;49C5;9D1B=E1D1><9CDB9;@?C9D9641>>571D96
%1&%5
+;3<1+;3<1+A+7/.+8
63<=;35
+ .3</53=+;.>+7>+=+8
=3=35.+8
, .3+8=+;+.>+5/:381
</4+4+; ,/;7>+=+8
!
->DE; =5=181=9 6<E;C <9CDB9; @5B81D9;1> +! / %9C1<>H1

14171B9C71B9C71H1=541><9CDB9;C5B171=45>71>;5B1@1D1>=5>5=2EC
2941>7C5<E1C 45>71>=5=25>DE;CE4ED D5B8141@2941>7>?B=1<H19DE
F5;D?BH1>7;5<E1BD571;<EBEC2941>71>H1;>H171B9C71B9C71H1=541>
<9CDB9;H1>7=5>5=2ECD571;<EBEC<E1C2941>7D5BD5>DE49C52ED$-#+$!+,*!#
+531B1=1D5=1D9C6<E;C<9CDB9;49DE<9C;1>
N
dengan: = fluks listrik (weber, disingkat Wb),

A = luas bidang (m2), dan
= rapat garis gaya medan listrik yang berimpit garis normal atau
tegak lurus bidang (Wb/m2).
6/5=;9<=+=35+
(141 +! / ! E 141<18;?=@?>5>F5;D?B@14171B9C>?B=1<
C589>771 3?C 5>71>45=9;91>$/0 + , 5 41@1D49DE<9C
E A cos N
45>71> CE4ED1>D1B141>>?B=1<2941>7
>?B=1<
%1&%5
++;3<1+;3<1+A+7/.+8
7+18/=7/8/7,><
=/1+56>;><,3.+81.+8
,7/7,/8=>5<>.>= q
=/;2+.+:1+;3<89;7+6
1ECC =5>5=E;1> 218G1 :E=<18 71B9C71B9C 71H1 =541> <9CDB9; H1>7

=5>5=2ECCE1DE@5B=E;11>D5BDEDE@C521>49>745>71>:E=<18=E1D1><9CDB9;
H1>749<9>7;E@9?<58@5B=E;11>D5BDEDE@D5BC52ED(5B>H1D11>9>9;5=E491>
49;5>1<C521719 E;E=1ECC+531B1=1D5=1D9C E;E=1ECC49>H1D1;1>
?<58
)
N

45>71>)=E1D1><9CDB9;H1>749<9>7;E@9@5B=E;11>D5BDEDE@49C52ED:E71
@5B=E;11>1ECC
+5@5BD9D5<1849C9>77E>7491G1<CE22129>9=541><9CDB9;H1>74981C9<;1>
C52E18 =E1D1> 41@1D 4989DE>7 =5>77E>1;1> E;E= 1ECC +5;1B1>7
@5B81D9;1> +! / 1B9C 71H1 =541> <9CDB9; ;5<E1B 41B9 =541> <9CDB9;
*
C531B1B1491<=5>H521B;5C571<11B1841<1=BE1>7(5B=E;11>1ECC49@9<98
25BE@1@5B=E;11>2?<145>71>@EC1D25B9=@9D45>71>=E1D1>D9D9;(5B81D9;1>
) 218G171B9C71B9C71H1=541><9CDB9;=5>5=2ECD571;<EBEC@5B=E;11>1ECC
C589>7716<E;C<9CDB9;>H1141<18
1D1E *
@5B=E;11>
2?<11ECC '<58 ;1B5>1 @5B=E;11> 1ECC 25B25>DE; 2?<1 =1CE;;1> 6<E;C <9CDB9;
9>9;5$/0 + , 5 =1;1
)
%1&%5

"/8/8=>5+87/.+863<=;35 C589>771 49@5B?<58
96/27>+=+8=3=35./81+8
)
2>5>7+><<
N
*
H1>7 C1=1 @5BC9C 45>71> ;E1D =541> <9CDB9; 49 C5;9D1B =E1D1> D9D9; H1>7
49DEBE>;1>=5>77E>1;1> E;E=?E<?=2

1B9C71B9C 71H1 =541> =17>5D9; C5B171= 45>71> ;5B1@1D1> /2=
=5>5=2EC2941>7C5<E1C 3= ,5>DE;1>6<E;C<9CDB9;>H1:9;171B9C71B9C71H1>H1
=5>5=2EC
1 D571; <EBEC 2941>7 41>
2 =5=25>DE; CE4ED L 45>71> >?B=1< 2941>7
$;+5=3</6+4+;3<35+>8=>5 /6+<*
3 !
9;5D18E9 /2= 41> 3= N =
1 %541> <9CDB9; D571; <EBEC 2941>7 =1;1
/2= N = /2
2 %541><9CDB9;=5=25>DE;CE4ED L45>71>71B9C>?B=1<=1;1
3?C /2= = /2
)(%2-675-/30),30%32(8/735)518%7%2
(1412?<1;?>4E;D?B25B=E1D1>=E1D1><9CDB9;1;1>D5B49CDB92EC9=5B1D1
@141@5B=E;11>2?<1 1<9>9D5B:149;1B5>11>D1B=E1D1><9CDB9;C5:5>9CD?<1;
=5>?<1;C589>771=E1D1>=E1D1>@1412?<11;1>25BEC181C1<9>7=5>:1E8
41>D5B85>D949@5B=E;11>>H1

%1&%5
* * "/8/8=>5+87/.+863<=;35:+.+

,96+598.>5=9;,/;7>+=+8
* + .3 .+6+7 ,96+
, .3:/;7>5++8,96+ .+8
- .3 6>+; ,96+
@5B=E;11>2?<11ECC @5B=E;11>2?<11ECC @5B=E;11>2?<11ECC

! "
+5;1B1>7D9>:1E2?<1;?>4E;D?B45>71>:1B9:1B941>=E1D1>D?D1<C5@5BD9
49@5B<981D;1>@141 +! / %541><9CDB9;H1>74981C9<;1>?<582?<1;?>4E;D?B
25B=E1D1> 41@1D 49D5>DE;1> 45>71> =5>5B1@;1> E;E= 1ECC ->DE; 9DE
492E1D<18 @5B=E;11> 1ECC 49 41<1= 2?<1 ;?>4E;D?B 49 @5B=E;11> 2?<1
;?>4E;D?B41>49<E1B@5B=E;11>2?<1;?>4E;D?B5B9;ED9>9=541><9CDB9;49
D9D9;@141C5D91@@5B=E;11>1ECC
% - %0%1 30% 32(8/735
'<58;1B5>1D941;141=E1D1><9CDB9;H1>749<9>7;E@9?<58@5B=E;11>2?<1
1ECC1D1E) C5CE19$/0 + , 5 C589>77141B9$/0 + , 5
49@5B?<58 5>71> ;1D1 <19> D941; 141 =541> <9CDB9; 49 41<1= 2?<1
;?>4E;D?B 25B=E1D1>
& - )518/%%2 30% 32(8/735
%E1D1><9CDB9;H1>749<9>7;E@9?<58@5B=E;11>2?<11ECCD5@1DC1=1 %7%82'-
45>71> =E1D1> D?D1< 2?<1 ;?>4E;D?B ) $E1C @5B=E;11> 1ECC
B 96+598.>5=9;
C589>7716<E;C<9CDB9;>H1 ,/;7>+=+8
B $/;7>5++8+><<

+E2CD9DEC9;1>@5BC1=11>D5BC52ED;5$/0 + , 5 =1;1
)

C589>77149@5B?<58=541><9CDB9;49@5B=E;11>2?<1

# N

6/5=;9<=+=35+
' - 8%5 30%
%E1D1> <9CDB9; H1>7 49<9>7;E@9 @5B=E;11> 2?<1 1ECC C1=1 45>71>
=E1D1>D?D1<41<1=2?<1;?>4E;D?B)$E1C@5B=E;11>2?<11ECC
*
C589>7716<E;C<9CDB9;>H1

5>71>45=9;91>=541><9CDB9;49<E1B2?<149>H1D1;1>45>71>@5BC1=11>

# N
* *

?<1 ;?>4E;D?B 25B:1B9:1B9 3= 4925B9 =E1D1> <9CDB9; =5B1D1 45>71> D?D1<
,5>DE;1> ;E1D =541> <9CDB9; @141 :1B1;
1 3=
2 3=41>
3 3=41B9@EC1D2?<1
3 !
9;5D18E93=P N =41>) P N
1 "1B1;* 3=25B1414941<1=2?<1*=1;1;E1D=541><9CDB9;>H1
2 "1B1;*3=D5@1D49@5B=E;11>2?<1*=1;1;E1D=541><9CDB9;>H1

# &= &
=
3 "1B1;* 3= =25B14149<E1B2?<1*=1;1;E1D=541><9CDB9;>H1

# &= &
* =
!3%0)2+8%6%%2 ,*!
$/( ) ,* & #' # * + !2)2 * 1'& , ,#
+52E18 =E1D1> E:9 ) 49<5D1;;1> 49 D9D9; 1 =5>5=2EC D571; <EBEC 2941>7
H1>7 25B:1B1; 3= 41B9 C52E18 CE=25B =E1D1> 2 =5=25>DE; CE4ED L D5B8141@ 2941>7 41>
D9D9; %E1D1> E:9 9>9 =5>41@1D 71H1 C525C1B & 3 C5:1:1B 2941>7
45>71>1B18=5>E:E;5CE=25B=E1D1>,5>DE;1> +52E182?<1;?>4E;D?B25B=E1D1>)D5BC521B=5B1D1
1 25C1B41>1B18;E1D=541><9CDB9;49D9D9;41> 49 @5B=E;11> 2?<1
2 :5>9C =E1D1> CE=25B 1 1=21B;1>7B169;=541><9CDB9;D5B8141@*H1>7
%541><9CDB9;C5B171=C525C1B &=5>5=2EC 4981C9<;1> 2?<1 ;?>4E;D?B D5BC52ED
2941>7 @5BC579 45>71> E;EB1> 3= P 3= 2 1=21B;1>@E<17B169;=541><9CDB9;D5B8141@
,5>DE;1> 6<E;C <9CDB9; H1>7 49<9>7;E@9 2941>7 *H1>74981C9<;1>?<58CE=25B=E1D1>D9D9;
D5BC52ED :9;1 =541> <9CDB9;>H1 3 1>49>7;1> ;54E1 7B169; D5BC52ED @1;18
;5C9=@E<1> >41
$;+5=3</6+4+;3<35+>8=>5 /6+<*
37)26-%0-675-/
5C1B1> <19> H1>7 25B;19D1> 45>71> ;525B1411> =E1D1> <9CDB9; 141<18 %7%82'-
(',&+!$ $!+,*!# 5B2541 45>71> 71H1 ?E<?=2 41> =541> <9CDB9; H1>7 B 8/;13 :9=/8<3+6 63<=;35
=5BE@1;1>25C1B1>F5;D?B@?D5>C91<<9CDB9;=5BE@1;1>25C1B1>C;1<1BH1;>9 B $9=/8<3+6 63<=;35
81>H1=5=9<9;9>9<19D941;=5=9<9;91B18
->DE;=5>5>DE;1>@?D5>C91<<9CDB9;49CE1DED9D9;@5B81D9;1><18 +! /
%9C1<>H1 141 =E1D1> <9CDB9; @?C9D96 ) 49 41<1= =541> <9CDB9; (141
=E1D1> D5BC52ED 1;1> 25;5B:1 71H1 H1>7 C51B18 45>71> ->DE;
=5=9>418;1> ) 41B9 ;5 49@5B<E;1> EC181 E>DE; =5<1G1> 71H1
<9CDB9;1B9 E;E=#5;5;1<1>>5B79EC181E>DE;=5=9>418;1>=E1D1>
C1=1 45>71> @5B25411> 5>5B79 @?D5>C91< <9CDB9; N
541@?D5>C91<<9CDB9;49D9D9;D5B8141@494569>9C9;1>C521719EC181H1>7 )
49@5B<E;1>E>DE;=5=9>418;1>=E1D1><9CDB9;41B9D9D9;;5D9D9;492179
25C1B=E1D1>H1>749@9>418;1>+531B1=1D5=1D9C49DE<9C;1>C52171925B9;ED

)

) N
%1&%5
(?D5>C91< <9CDB9; 49 D9D9; 41@1D 49D5>DE;1> 45>71> =5=2E1D (<+2+.3:/;6>5+8>8=>5
1<9>941@1D49<1;E;1>45>71>=5>78E2E>7;1>D9D9;;5D1>185>71> 7/738.+25+87>+=+8.+;3=3=35
45=9;91>41B9$/0 + , 549@5B?<58@?D5>C91<<9CDB9;49D9D9;C521719 5/=3=35
25B9;ED
(
) N
+1DE1>@?D5>C91<<9CDB9;41>2541@?D5>C91<141<18:?E<53?E<?=2"
41> 4925B9 >1=1 ;8ECEC F?<D . . " %E1D1> @?C9D96 C531B1 1<1=9
25B75B1;41B9@?D5>C91<D9>779;5@?D5>C91<B5>418C521<9;>H1=E1D1>>571D96
25B75B1;41B9@?D5>C91<B5>418;5@?D5>C91<D9>779541@?D5>C91<E=E=>H1
49C52ED 45>71>, & &
418E2E>71>H1>7C1>71D5B1D1>D1B1@?D5>C91<<9CDB9;41>=541><9CDB9;
"9;1=541><9CDB9;@141 +! / 8?=?75>EC181H1>749<1;E;1>?<58=541>
<9CDB9;E>DE;=5>775B1;;1>=E1D1>@?C9D96)41B9;5141<18
) )
%5>79>71D218G141>)=1;1
) )
C589>771 49@5B?<58
VAB
1D1E E N
d
45>71>:1B1;1>D1B1D9D9;41>
1B9$/0 + , 5 C1DE1>=541><9CDB9;41@1D49DE<9C41<1=25>DE;
F?<D @5B =5D5B .= 41@E> 1B18 =541> <9CDB9;>H1 141<18 41B9 D9D9;
25B@?D5>C91< D9>779 ;5 D9D9; 25B@?D5>C91< B5>418
Contoh
->DE; =5=9>418;1> =E1D1> ) 41B9 CE1DE D9D9; ;5 D9D9; 49@5B<E;1>
EC181 C525C1B P N " ,5>DE;1>
1 41>
2
6/5=;9<=+=35+
3 !
9;5D18E9) N
41>/ P N
"=1;1

P "
1
.
)
2 .
Contoh
Loncatan 8%2781 +52E18 5<5;DB?> 49<5@1C D1>@1 ;535@1D1> 1G1< 41B9 ;1D?45 41> 25B75B1; =5>E:E
1>?45 (?D5>C91< 1>?45 141<18 . <5298 D9>779 41B9@141 ;1D?41 9;5D18E9
=E1D1>5<5;DB?>N P N 41>=1CC15<5;DB?> P N ;7
1 ,5>DE;1> 5>5B79 @?D5>C91< 5<5;DB?> ;5D9;1 25B141 49 ;1D?41 B5<1D96 D5B8141@
1>?45
2 5B1@1;18 ;535@1D1> 5<5;DB?> C11D =5>E=2E; 1>?41
3 !
!81&)5!!!! 9;5D18E9# .1>?45#;1D?45)N P N 41>% P N
;7

1 >5B79 @?D5>C91< 5<5;DB?> 49 ;1D?41 B5<1D96 D5B8141@ 1>?45
$/=3;7/;>:+5+8:/6/:+<+8
<981D $/0 + , 5
7>+=+863<=;35<=+=3<A+81 EPKA EPK EPA qVKA qVAK ( 1,6 1019 C)(200 V) 3, 2 1017 "
,/<+;</-+;+=3,+=3,+A+81
=/;,/8=>5.3.+6+7+@+8 2 "9;1 5<5;DB?> 49<5@1C 41B9 ;1D?45 5>5B79 @?D5>C91< 5<5;DB?> 49 ;1D?45 B5<1D96
,+.+3 D5B8141@ 1>?45 1;1> 25BE218 =5>:149 5>5B79 ;9>5D9; C521719 1>1<?79
21H1>7;1>25>41:1DE82521C'<58;1B5>125B<1;E E;E=#5;5;1<1>>5B79
8%2781 C11DD921491>?455>5B79@?D5>C91<5<5;DB?>25BE218C5<EBE8>H1=5>:1495>5B79
Leap ;9>5D9;
# mv N mv

# ;1B5>15>5B79;9>5D9;1G1<>H1>?<5>71>45=9;91>;535@1D1>5<5;DB?>C11D

# "
!81&)5 # =5>E=2E; 1>?45 141<18v =C
% ;7
Contoh
E1 2E18 @5<1D C5:1:1B 4925B9 2541 @?D5>C91< . C589>771 D5B41@1D =541> <9CDB9;
C5B171=491>D1B1;54E1@5<1D"1B1;1>D1B1;54E1@5<1D3=
1 ,5>DE;1>25C1B;E1D=541><9CDB9;D5BC52ED
2 "9;1 =E1D1> ) 49C9=@1> 49 1>D1B1 ;54E1 @5<1D 25B1@1 71H1 H1>7
491<1=9 =E1D1> D5BC52ED
3 !
9;5D18E9 .3=P N =41>) P N

1 #E1D =541> <9CDB9; 49 1>D1B1 ;54E1 @5<1D 141<18
.
.=

=
2 1H1 H1>7 491<1=9 =E1D1> ) 141<18

) .=
&
$;+5=3</6+4+;3<35+>8=>5 /6+<*
37)26-%0-675-/30),)2(%"-7-/)518%7%2
(?D5>C91< H1>7 4981C9<;1> ?<58 C52E18 =E1D1> D9D9; 49DEBE>;1> 45>71>
21>DE1>;1<;E<EC9>D57B1<D941;49DEBE>;1>49C9>9(?D5>C91<<9CDB9;@141CE1DE
D9D9;H1>725B:1B1;*41B9C52E18=E1D1>D9D9;49>H1D1;1>?<58@5BC1=11>
Q
V k N
r
45>71> =5>H1D1;1> @?D5>C91< =ED<1; 49 CE1DE D9D9; (141 * D1;
D5B89>771 5>71> ;1D1 <19> =5BE@1;1> 2541 @?D5>C91< 1>D1B1 *
41> D941; D5B89>771
'<58;1B5>1@?D5>C91<<9CDB9;=5BE@1;1>25C1B1>C;1<1B>9<19>H149CE1DE
D9D9; 41@1D @?C9D96 41> 41@1D @E<1 >571D96 25B71>DE>7 @141 =E1D1>
CE=25B>H1 (?D5>C91< 49 CE1DE D9D9; 1;921D 2525B1@1 =E1D1> CE=25B C1=1
45>71>:E=<18@?D5>C91<<9CDB9;?<58C5D91@=E1D1>+531B1=1D5=1D9C@?D5>C91<
<9CDB9;?<582E18=E1D1>CE=25B49DE<9C

# * # * # * N
!

,9D9; (D5B<5D1; @141 :1B1; 3= 41B9 =E1D1> <9CDB9; 41> 3= 41B9 =E1D1>
<9CDB9;N ,5>DE;1> @?D5>C91< <9CDB9; 49 D9D9; ( H1>7 4981C9<;1> ?<58
1 =E1D1> @5BD1=1
2 =E1D1> ;54E1 41>
3 ;54E1 =E1D1>
3 !
9;5D18E9 P N* 3= = N NP N
41>
* 3= =
1 (?D5>C91<<9CDB9;49D9D9;(?<58 141<18

# &= .
* =
2 (?D5>C91< <9CDB9; 49 D9D9; ( ?<58 141<18

# &= .
* =
3 (?D5>C91< <9CDB9; 49 D9D9; ( ?<58 ;54E1 =E1D1> 141<18
( . . .

,971 2E18 =E1D1> <9CDB9; =1C9>7=1C9>7 N 41> N 25BDEBED
DEBED 49<5D1;;1> @141 D9D9;D9D9; CE4ED C52E18 C579D971 C9;EC9;E 49 "1B1;
3= 41> :1B1; 3= ,9D9; 25B141 @141 71B9C D5@1D 49 D5>718
D5>718>H1 ,5>DE;1> EC181 H1>7 49@5B<E;1> E>DE; =5=9>418;1> =E1D1> <9CDB9;
41B9D9D9;;5D9D9;
3 !
1B9$/0 + , 5EC181E>DE;=5=9>418;1>=E1D1>)41B9D9D9;;5D9D9;
141<18 )0'<58;1B5>19DED5B<5298418E<E>41D5>DE;1>@?D5>C91<
<9CDB9;49D9D9;41>H1>74981C9<;1>?<58=E1D1>49D9D9;41>=E1D1>49
D941; 49<921D;1> ;1B5>1 =E1D1> D5BC52ED 141<18 =E1D1> H1>7 49@9>418;1>
6/5=;9<=+=35+
9;5D18E9 P N

N P 41>)N
N
P N
(5B81D9;1> 71=21B 25B9;ED

3=
3=

3= 3=
"1B1;* = P N

=:1B1;** 3="1B1;41@1D
)0%.%,
-6-/% 49D5>DE;1> 45>71> 41<9< (HD817?B1C * 3= P N
= (?D5>C91<
)2)5%735$%2()5%%* <9CD9;49D9D9;141<18

# &=
.
* *
=
=
C541>7;1> @?D5>C91< 49 D9D9; 141<18

# &=
* *
=
=
5>71>45=9;91>EC181H1>749@5B<E;1>E>DE;=5=9>418;1>=E1D1>)41B9D9D9;
;5D9D9;141<18

) . "
37)26-%0-675-/30),30%32(8/735)518%7%2
(141 CE2212 C525<E=>H1 D5<18 >41 ;5D18E9 218G1 =541> <9CDB9; 49
<E1B2?<1=5=5>E89$/0 + , 5$/0 + , 59>9C1=145>71>
$/0 + , 5 1<9>9=5>E>:E;;1>218G12?<1;?>4E;D?B25B:1B9:1B9
67>@+8 7/;35+ &9,/;= )+8
./;++0 C :+.+ 41@1D49@1>41>7C521719=E1D1>D9D9;;5D9;1:1B1;D9D9;;5@EC1D2?<1<5298
+@+6 +87/81/7,+815+8 25C1B 41B9@141 :1B9:1B9 2?<1
7/<38>8=>57/81>7:>65+8.+8 (?D5>C91< <9CDB9; H1>7 4981C9<;1> 2?<1 ;?>4E;D?B 25B=E1D1> @141 CE1DE
7/8A37:+8 4>76+2 7>+=+8
63<=;35A+81<+81+=,/<+;$+.+
D9D9;49<E1B2?<1*49@5B?<5845>71>=5=1>41>72?<1;?>4E;D?BC521719
1+7,+;.3+=+<=+7:+5)+8./ =E1D1>D9D9;'<58;1B5>19DE@?D5>C91<<9CDB9;49<E1B2?<1=5=5>E89$/0 + ,
;++0,/;<+7+1/8/;+=9; 5 H1;>9
/6/5=;9<=+=352+<36-3:=++88A+
">+=+8.3.+6+77/<38.3,/8=>5
.+;3,96+691+7.+87/8-+:+3 # N
=/1+81+8 4>=+?96="/<38383
*
>7>78A+.31>8+5+8</,+1+3+6+= +5<1>:ED>H1@?D5>C91<@141@5B=E;11>2?<149@5B?<5845>71>=5=1CE;;1>
:/8/63=3+8 >8=>5 7/7:/6+4+;3
:+;=35/6:+;=35/6:/7,/8=>5
*H1;>9
+=97
!81&)5 # N

1719=1>1;18 @5BC1=11> @?D5>C91< <9CDB9; 49 41<1= 2?<1 +5@5BD9 D5<18
>41 ;5D18E9 218G1 =541> <9CDB9; 49 41<1= 2?<1 141<18 1< 9>9
=5>E>:E;;1>218G1:9;1>4185>41;=5=9>418;1>=E1D1><19>)4941<1=
2?<1 >41 D941; =5=5B<E;1> EC181 ;1B5>1 =E1D1> ) D941; =5>41@1D;1>
71H1<9CDB9;1B9$/0 + , 5D941;141>H1EC181 =5>E>:E;;1>
218G12541@?D5>C91<1>D1B14E1D9D9;4941<1=2?<1C1=145>71>>?<
$;+5=3</6+4+;3<35+>8=>5 /6+<*
C589>7715>71>;1D1<19>@?D5>C91<49C5D91@D9D9;41<1=2?<1141<18
C1=141>25C1B>H1C1=145>71>@?D5>C91<49@5B=E;11>2?<1C5@5BD9H1>7
4925B9;1>@141$/0 + , 5

+52E182?<1;?>4E;D?B25B:1B9:1B9 3=25B=E1D1><9CDB9; ,5>DE;1>@?D5>C91<
<9CDB9; @141 :1B1;
1 3=41>
2 3=41B9@EC1D2?<1
3 !
9;5D18E9 P N41> 3= P N =
1 (?D5>C91<<9CDB9;@141:1B1;* 3=*4941<1=2?<1141<18

# &= .

=
2 (?D5>C91<<9CDB9;@141:1B1;* 3=*49<E1B2?<1141<18

# &= .
*
=
!3%0)2+8%6%%2 ,*!
$/( ) ,* & #' # * + !2)2 * 1'& , ,#
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) =541> <9CDB9; 49 D9D9; >?< =1;1 49 D9D9; 81BEC
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49<5D1;;1> C52E18 @1BD9;5< 25B=E1D1> C525C1B M
141<18 M
6/5=;9<=+=35+
1 N) 4 ) 2 1 P =C
2 P =C
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3 N) 2 4 P =C
5 P =C
(141 ;55=@1D CE4ED C52E18 @5BC579 C9C9 3=
(14171B9CH1>7=5<1<E9D9D9;41>D5B41@1DCE1DE
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25BD5D1>771 141<18 41> N @?D5>C91<
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)
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)
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1 P N %
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3 P N 1 41> 4
4 P N 2 41> 5 41> 41>
5 P N 3 41>
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1 P N" 3 P N &C
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3 P " 5 P N &C
4 P " +52E18;1@1C9D?BD5B25>DE;41B94E1<5=@5>71<E=9>9E=
5 P " H1>7<E1C@5B=E;11>>H1 = 49@9C18;1>?<58C5<5=21B
+52E18 5<5;DB?> 45>71> =1CC1 P N ;7 41> ;5BD1C @1B169> H1>7 D521<>H1 == 41> ;?>CD1>D1
=E1D1>N P N 25B75B1;41B9C1DED9D9;;5D9D9; 495<5;DB9;>H1 "9;1 0 P N &= ;1@1C9D1C
<19> 41<1= BE1>7 H1>7 @?D5>C91<>H1 F?<D <5298 ;1@1C9D?B D5BC52ED 141<18 M
D9>779>5B79;9>5D9;H1>749@5B?<585<5;DB?>41<1= 1
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5. P N 3
1 5. 4 5. 4
2 5. 5 5. 5
3 5.
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5<5;DB?> P N ;741>=E1D1>>H1N P N @?BC5<5> #?>CD1>D1 495<5;DB9; @?BC5<5> 141<18 M
5>5B79 ;9>5D9; 1;89B>H1 141<18 M 1 4
1 " 4 N P N " 2 5
2 P N
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3 P N
"
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25B75B1; =5<1<E9 2541 @?D5>C91< . "9;1 =1CC1 1
5<5;DB?> P N ;741>=E1D1>>H1N P N =5>:149 ;1<9C5=E<141>;54E1;5@9>74935<E@;1>
=1;15>5B79@?D5>C91<>H11;1>DEBE>C525C1BM
2
;5 41<1= =549E= 45>71> ;?>CD1>D1 495<5;DB9;E=
1 P 5. 4 P 5. ;1@1C9D1C>H1 =5>:149 M
2 P
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1
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4
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1
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2
C11D 25B:1B1; P N = #535@1D1> 5<5;DB?> D5BC52ED
3
;5D9;1;54E1>H125B:1B1;P N =141<18M
$;+5=3</6+4+;3<35+>8=>5 /6+<*
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31B1 C521719 25B9;ED 1>D1B1 E:E>7E:E>7 ;1@1C9D?B H1>7 141<18 M
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(5B>H1D11> H1>7 25>1B 141<18 M 25B=E1D1> 1;1> 498E2E>7;1> 45>71> 21D5B19 .
1 41> 4 "9;1 81>H1 C1<18 C1DE H1>7 498E2E>7;1> 45>71>
2 41> 5 41> 21D5B19 D5BC52ED 5>5B79 H1>7 D5BC9=@1> 41<1=
3 41> ;1@1C9D?B141<18>5B79H1>71;1>D5BC9=@1>:9;1
#1@1C9D?B 41> H1>749@1C1>7@1B1<5<=1C9>7 ;54E1 ;1@1C9D?B D5BC52ED 498E2E>7;1> C5B9 45>71>
=1C9>7 =5=@E>H19 ;1@1C9D1C 41> "9;1 21D5B19 141<18 M
D571>71> E:E>7E:E>7 ;1@1C9D?B F?<D =1;1
1 4
;1@1C9D1C @5>771>D9 ;54E1 ;1@1C9D?B D5BC52ED
141<18
=E1D1> <9CDB9; 141<18 2 5
5>5B79H1>7D5BC9=@1>49 141<18 P N " 3
5>5B79H1>7D5BC9=@1>49 141<18P N " +52E18 ;1@1C9D?B 45>71> ;1@1C9D1>C9 N H1>7
(5B>H1D11> H1>7 25>1B 141<18 M @5B>18 498E2E>7;1> 2525B1@1 C11D <1=1>H1 @141
1 41> 4 2541@?D5>C91< .;54E1E:E>7>H1498E2E>7;1>
2 41> 5 41> 45>71>E:E>7E:E>7;1@1C9D?B<19>45>71>;1@1C9D1>C9
3 41> P N H1>7 D941; 25B=E1D1> >5B79 H1>7
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"
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1H1 9>D5B1;C9 1>D1B1 4E1 =E1D1> <9CDB9; E;E=
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Listrik Statis

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dengan: = fluks listrik (weber, disingkat Wb),

1ECC =5>5=E;1> 218G1 :E=<18 71B9C71B9C 71H1 =541> <9CDB9; H1>7

@5B=E;11>2?<11ECC @5B=E;11>2?<11ECC @5B=E;11>2?<11ECC

"1B1;* = P N

,571>71> 21D5B19 C1=1 45>71> :E=<18 D571>71> 41B9 C5D91@ ;1@1C9D?B

$/0 + , 5 =5>E>:E;;1> 218G1 ;1@1C9D1>C9 5;9F1<5> E>DE;

1 ,5>DE;1> ;1@1C9D1>C9 5;9F1<5> B1>7;191> D5BC52ED

5>71> 45=9;91> D571>71> @141 D91@ ;1@1C9D?B 141<18

$,4$*$0 ' , 1D1EC5D5>718;1<9C5=E<1'<58;1B5>19DE5>5B79H1>7

5>41 ,9D9; %E1D1> H1>7

$5298 41B9 ?<1 #?>4E;D?B

7/8A37:+8 .>+ =3=35 .+6+7 7>+=+8 6+38 .+6+7

>5B79 541 (?D5>C91< 1H1 ?E<?=2