CHAPTER 4 CURRENT ELECTRICITY ‘There are two kinds of charges: (i) Positive (4) (ii) Negative (-) {When an ebonite rod is rubbed with fur, the bonite rod gets negatively charged. ‘Whena glass rod is rubbed with silk, the glass rod gets positively charged. |x Apositively charged body loses electrons and ‘a negatively charged body gains electrons Bodies with like or similar charges repel each other: On the other hand, bodies with unlike charges attract each other. # When an ebonote rod is rubbed with fur, some clecitons are transferred from the fur to the ebonite rod. Therefore, due to deficiency of electrons, the fur becomes positively charged and excess of electrons makes the ebonite rod negatively charged. Similarly, exchange of electrons takes place between a glass rod and wool. The glass rod loses electrons and becomes positively charged and the wool gets negatively charged on gaining electrons. 3 According to Coulomb’s law, the force of attraction or repulsion between two charges attest is directly proportional to the product Of the magnitudes of the two charges and inversely proportional to the square of the Aistance between them, when the force is 4 aingalong th line joining the two charges. Consider charges q, and q» separated by a ee d. Then the force of attraction or ™pulsion (F) is given by, Ee UNDERSTANDING BASIC CONCEPTS Free qian an eo Eady or aaa The value of k when the charges are situated in vacuum or air is given by 9 x 10? Nm? co +9 +% + The ST unit of charge is coulomb (C), F=9x 10? x 42. e If F=9x10°N 11> = (say) d=1m We can write, 9x 10° 9x10 = 2 amr? ———a sonjces i Ps for Cass-X 2 Namerils syould ata gesl€ sn isthat charge Whi similar charge Pl etre from it in-vacuut OF 9.x 10°: or ‘Tus one co an equal and distance of one M™ air witha force of at ‘e Acharged body modifies the sPiNE aroun jn some way and sets up an electri? field in "Thus, the space around the space around i Argan body in which ts influence con be ‘tor experience iscalted electric fel, The levtrc field then exerts the force on any other charged body placed in the field. The charged bodies exert forees on one another not directly but through the electric field. ‘te The forve experienced by a charged body at ‘point in an electric field depends upon, (i) the strength of the electric field, and (i) the amount of charge on the body. The electric field strength is simply called electric field or field intensity and is denoted ‘by Z. The electric field (E) ata point is defined 4s the force experienced by a-unit positive charge placed at that point. ‘dr The Slunit of electric field intensity is NC It is a vector quantity. The direction of the field intensity is the direction in which the unit positive charge would move when free to do so. Sa eae hey 3 bier Teco ly at alower temperature, igher level to lower level and charge fiows from higher | 1 4 potential to lower potential, The electrostatic potential achanedconductoris defined ass elected condition that. lasits electrical ae eo ee the direction of flow ioced naetatee when another conductor is tact with it, ‘We The electrostatic potential i as the work done in bringing soo outed ging @ unit positive charge from infinity to the point unde, | consideration. \ ‘te The electrostatic tential is a scalar quai | potential or the electric mntity. SI unit of | \ p blectric potential is volt (V). | eels e 1 volt {coulomb | 1v=1ict ot 2x The electric potential 0} as zero. An isolated P Conductor has positive electrical potential sharged conductor ‘An isolated negatively ¢ has negative electrical potential. An isolated uncharged conductor has zero electrical potential. 3 te The electrostatic potential difference or potential difference is defined as the work Zone in bringing a unit of positive charge from one point to another in an electric field. The SI unit of potential difference and electric potential are the same. The | potential difference between two points is | a scalar quantity. Www (Gi) Solutio, h \ @ & ar GyFig. 429 h=044 and 1-064 ie, (ii) Potential difference across PQ=1 x5 V Potential difference across PR = PD, PQ+ PD. scoss OR cas ‘Total resistance across OR is given by, say r. pis ate Suva r 5 30 6 or r=62 £ 152 potential difference across OR = 2 6v «potential difference across PR= SV * 6V=INV mnce of the given circuit (Gi) Total resist = 50+ 62 = 110. Example27 Inthe diagram shown below, thee and the ammeter both have negligible resistant ‘The resistorsare identical, With the switch K op the ammeter reads 0.6.4. What will be the ame reading in the ammeter when the switch is clos! =(q\+ ie ‘Three identi parallel, Their ¢ek ene” pants or 2 ; ea a fens py to 438 pp aerts 50= 083) a4 pp aeoss30= (083) =24¥. “When two unknown resistances are Meare rociesend inp tei eC cere and 2p. What re the nlnown resstnees? on Letrandrbetheunknown resistances ‘Weare given, m+ 729 (in seies) (i wi AS =2¢apenllel) tno Example 28 S ryry= 18 Reet, ovo il) Example 30) Sorte cir oor current trou Dente Dresser ee cvs 12.Q.resistor? can be writen 3 showy, winter soit ce re .. Fi ial resiian® ofthe circuit is (sy, Wee @ Curren (i Potent oe Gi) (Curret on 2 won coe| | eee oe Refer to th vig 437 19 “We can again write the circuit diagram as, av oe 90 as“4 ans Fig. 442 15v, ‘Thus, the cu : Ie Gq SA Note: We he Thus the curent flowing rough the circuit is 1S A. ‘Example33° The baer hasan internal resistance of 0.5 2. What is the current in the circuit? (Example 3 a resistances resistances t 20 2H combinatior 10 Solution Since all the four combi ‘ ao 2 below: 11h i 15,050 ® Fig. 4.43, Solution Tene ee es ‘8iven circuit can be simplified as; Gi)many differenter a 50 omer nd Obecives nD ite he iid Soi oral ‘pote et an i 10 10 7a 7a Fig. 447 Sample 36 Figure 448 shows a battery of 12 ‘Vandinteral resistance 0,6 connected to three resistors P, Q and R, Find the current in each resistor enf= 12 080, pies for Case {Wheatstone bridges toe same, In other ie is the potential d lows along 4’B’, that is sam words curent ows along yy - ‘entra | resistance has a “4 2A ' 108 Fig. 44 I Current in 10:2 wire 75° in 20 Q wire = 1.0 i ind 10 Q wit in $ and 10.2 wit wire, z= Curre =3.0A 60.0" - Total potential difference Seauement of 5 Qand 10 current current pd. across 20.2 emf arangeme Toalcurent =F - Total resistance Sind 70.0% ‘The pad. across both Q and R= Current x Combing resistance of Q and R =30Ax240 712aQ 72V Thus, curent in the 10 © wi and, total pd. across the wh, Example'38 2 m of resi Stoss-section 0.50 mm?, 2.20 Q. Calculate: a Fe (@ the re Comet through Q = = 7 ane (©) the length of the wire Ressanee 400 Parallel with 2 m length wire, Curent through R= 72¥ > 4 ozo Thus, current thr i Solution : rough resistor P= 3.0, © We through resistor = 1.8 a jeknow: RA mt through resistor R= 1.9 a, Now cao) PRNMEIN To wires of 10 ands aust o> Wire rhe? @7@Mgement isin series with209. cae ae in5 Qwire is2 A, calculatet® wire and ial iftere* ee gree, oe ee Laxa) Suton 2, anid M8085 the 5.0 wire = 055 x “lyan Nera ne Oats orf Came Pe ei cluctilwad ea ba Ba” RA 1 | oy “a0 oe Rd Combined resistance oF 6 and 12.G.yvhen parallel =. (W) Leck total resistance of cirenit =4048Q =2a then, ‘Current in 8 resistor = 2. (6) Let My = pd. across parallel network of 6 2 and 810 resistors. Vi=IxR=2Ax40 =8AQ=8V ‘pd. across parallel network = 8 V (@) Let = Current inthe 6:2 resistor Then, (Current in 6 resistor = 1.33 A. Oeil (0) Whats the total resistance bet inthe following network? 40842 30 oe be esi Fig. 453 Soutlon ne (a) The given circuit can be writen, 2a eau a st aq M0 tisabalanced Whee fa) tee pearas shown t nae a 10 Fig. 454 i Let the equivalent resistance between 4x be written as Ry 1a es 30 29 49 reer 2h eiaval resistance between A and B in the et ss is — 2 work is a ne a aiis oon ‘The given ©! o Pa a 5 isabalanced Wheatstone bridge circuit, which 4 ee shown below on pulling 4 and B. Curren Electricity 93 Fig. 457 Since no current will flow along ab, Therefore, the circuit can be further simplified as, A 1a 10 10 10 8 A A 8 en A angy | A sa 1a 19 $ » F Se es | “ sy Fig. 458 Thus, the resistance between 4 and Bis 12, a UNSOLVED NUMERICAL ‘ PROBLEMS 1 Calculate the force on an electron in a field °F 1500. N/C. Take the charge of an electron tobel6x1o%C. (Ans. 2.4x 107! N) esistances, each equal to 5 Q, are in series with a cell of 1.2 V. Find ‘magnitude of current in the circuits. FS (Ans. 0.08 A) Anelectric bulb, ‘connected to a 220 V supply oes Suen of005,A.Calnlate he f Of coulombs per second flowing through the bulb, (Ans. 0.15 Cis) 4. The resistances of 5 Q, 10 Q and 15 Q are connected in series and a potential difference of 1.5 V is applied across the extreme ends, Calculate the current passing through the circuit (Ans. 0.05 A) 5. An equilateral triangle is formed with each side having a resistance of 2. What is the effective resistance across any side. (Ans. 4/30) 6. A battery of 6 V is connected in series with three resistors of 12 ©, 6 © and 4.Q as shown in Fig. 4.59 is the current through each of the Tesistors the same? Calculate the potential difference across each resistor,yes amare ond onjectves I PMSIS for Class-X 94 Numerical 4a ah 6v Fig. 459 calculate the ig. 4.60, 7, Anthe circuit shown in Fig Pe (@) current flowing through the arms AB, At and CDE () potential difference «° DE (as (60.1254, 0.154, 0.154 (b) 15V, 0.9V, 0.6V) cross AB, CD and 1.5V Fig. 4.60 8, Fifly lamps each of resistance 100 © are connected in paralle! across a 220 V main. Find (a) the power consumed in watts, and (b) the cost of operating the lamps for 20 hours at 10 paise per kWh. (Ans. (2) 24,200 W, and (b) Rs. 48.40) et ehtetetonnesinlseics Across a soure of eam, together dissipate J0.W of power. What should be the power leSnated if the resistors are connected in parallel across the same e.m.£? (An aa (Ans. 90 W) Barratt Fig 4 tn the network shown in Fig. 4.6, hd 10.0) te total resistance between 4 ay ibeeae (Ans, (b) The resistance of two Conduct 11 pa in series is 8 © and in paratle gy" os Show that the resistance are 64. ae respectively. i ; 11, In the network shown below (Fig 19: rir calculate the effective resistance ety, Bs ee (A mi 20) 2q * SN be AWW x el { 6 oo 2a 2a 20 Es ——] 20.1 Fig. 4.62 ' 12. Acloudis at a potential of 2x 10 V ria to the ground, When lightning strikes; 21 ground, a charge of 86 C is transferred ground, Calculate the work done. (Ans. 1.72 x16 13. Prove, by taking an example, that resistance of the combination is ait! less than the least single resistance itt arrangement, in the case of resist connected in parallel. 14, Inthe following circuit (Fig. 4.63) proe® WR\= 1p Ry What is the significance of this relatio Fig. 4.63 15. If electrons are caused to fall iyo Potential difference of 10° V, dete final speed if they were initially a7 (Ans. 23%charged body has lost 10° electrons, Find ‘magnitude of charge on the body, (Ans. 1.6 x 10° c) 17. Two electrons are 11m apatt, show thatthe + sorce between them is 2.304 x 10-5 N, How many electrons must be removed froma » pith ball to give ita charge of 6.4 x 10"? C? (Ans. 4 x 107) 19, Find the electrical foree between the electrons and proton of the normal hydrogen atom and compare it with the gravitational force between them. Given: mass of proton = 1.7 x 107” kg, average separation between the electron and proton = 5.3 x 10!! m, and G= 6.67 x 107! N m/kg?, (Ans. F.= 8.2 x 10° N, F, = 3.67 x 10-47 N, FIP, = 2.234 x 10°) 20, How much workis required to be done to move a charge of 10°° C from a point at a potential of 1000 V to another point at 1025 V? (Ans. 2.5 x 10° J) 21, What is the value of r in the following network? The effective resistance of the 16. A the network between PQ is1Q. (Ans. 2.2) 10 19, 19 1 Q Fig. 4.64 22. Whatis the value of rin the following network if 1A current flows through the cireuit? (Ans, 4.5.2) 1A r 1 3V Fig. 4.65 Curren Elecricity 95 23. What is the magnitude of fim the circuit? (Ans. 1.54) 1 a 20 20 20 Fig. 4.66 24, Whatis the value of rin the following network. ifthe resistance across AB is 1 07 (Ans. 2:2) 1a 19 1a A 7 B Fig. 4.67 25. When the resistances are connected in series and in parallel, their equivalent resistance are 10 Q and a Q respectively. What are the individual resistances? (Ans. 4.0, 60) 26. In the circuit diagram: 6a 20 49 ww 3V Fig. 4.68 (i) Whats the value of 1? i) What is p.d, across 6 0? (ii) What is p.d, across 42? (Ans. (i) 14 Gi) 3 V (iii) 2 V)Wa 04 crak ¥ pote caves PCD 500 2 and 3000 Sate plc 0 ay os tome od 30, Rese a 60 V SM Wat wi be, O00 crcuit dingo series oltmeter of internal resistinc, gr. mnie re en placed 207088 isto (a) the a 1 resistor! Ape {b) the 3000 2 FESISON ngs, 7.0 V, 43.5 v) meme, of 1.08 and an inte ; st nee ig cq, When it is conneceg at oF esisior of R, the potent oa eee ofie? (Ams $0.4 eo RT as ence of 3 piece of Wire 1) * cm long and area fof eross-section 0.25 mri ammeter? i Whatis the pd Coie Rat iy) neal of the material of Me i . ) 10° Om. ce isthe value of /in the circuit? ita of length 1m and uniform diameter ae (Ans. 1.5.4) bi a Se of 1.05 Q. What length of the wire of the same material, but having 18 Hair the diameter, would be needed to makes 5Qc0il? ~ (Ans. 1.19) bs aa 34, A wire 150 cm long and diameter 1.0 mm is made of an alloy of resistivity ta x 107% Om. What is the resistance of the wire? (Ans. 0.42) ' 35. Acopper wireis stretched to double its length, =e keeping the volume same. If the original Keeping One Ne wireis4 Q, What isthe Q)etame Fig, 470 rosie (Ans. 16.2) Fig. 469 29, () jtbeFig 471(0, whats thepoteniad 36. What is the resistance between P and Q? @ difference across. (AB ro¢ 10 own What do there p.d. become, when the 2 circuit is altered as in Fig. 4.71(b)? 05a a (Ans. (a) (i) 40 V (ii) 20:V tg ()() 48V Gi) 2) osa P S Q a Fig. 4.72 & Et es +has a resistance of 1.32 Q, a lengt monte a aca of cross-section of 4 fin ae material of which it poate, outs ak (Ans. 49.8 x 10"$ 2m)119) a tivity oftie 0.) gt sim fim 16) ” 8 2 © Whe in tong ant of ameter 0.60 jstance of 1.5. What is the sa mtn ofhich ne? ip hvtintero 1000 chm resistance rads Go pry when connected across a battery e602 internal resistance, What is the f ofthe battery? ei (1.06 x 10° 2m ii) 212 V] evstrs are connceted as in Fig. 4.73 wpa pd. of 12 Vis applied across them. Sand, are switches, Calculate (a) the tial esstance when both S, and Sp are closed. (tthe total current supplied when both svitches S; and Sp are closed. (0) tecurentin3 resistor when switch S, isclosed and switch S, open. pe 30. go awie 040 Cument 2 =2A hen $, is closed and 5, is open, total 12 othe circuit will be 7, Current ar 7 I. True or False ‘State whether the following state or False: Current Electricity 97 ‘OBJECTIVE EVALUATION sments are True 1 Ohm’s law does not apply toradio valves and transistors. 2. Anammeter is always conne the circuit. 3. A voltmeter can only be connec in the circuit 4, Avoltmeter has low resistance. '5, Current is a vector physical quantity. 6. The charge of an electron is larger that coulomb. 7. A kilowatt hour is larger than a joule. 8, Anclectron volt is larger than a joule. 9, 1eV= 1,602 x 10°19. C 0. 1 jcted in series in ed in series 1 kWh = 3.6 x 10° joules The positive and negative charges produced by rubbing two materials are equal in ‘magnitude. ‘The materials in which charges move easily are called insulators. . The materials in which charges are bond are called conductors. Ohmic conductors do not obey Ohm’s law. The reciprocal of resistance is known as specific conductance. 16. Theresistvty ofa copper wire i infinitely large. 17. Resistivity is measured in ohm metre 18. Avolimeteris used tomeasure electric intensity 19. The Slunit ofelectric intensity is. 20. Exm. ofa cell is expressed in joule. 14, 15. eee 1. Te 2.Tme 3. False i 4, 8 Ri 6 False 7. True 8. a a es 10. True 11, True 12. False ey a 14. False 15, False 16. False Tre 18. False 19, False 20. False1. Fill in the planks + ing ste wort Mal soit Doren ie edb mS Fhe potential fer ofan instrument called 4. Rooter tasa Dh Ty gieence ri 5, The SI unit © potenti di ovate should Bave VON” resistance pd ee 1 wh atoelece currents" ee Ui giecarent is the flow of Be wire when a coll is applied A108: itsends. 11, The substances having ¥ resistance are called : ip, The substances having infinitely Big electrical resistance are called i 13, One coulomb per second is a 14, The SLunit of resistance is 15. 1 watt=1 volt 3 16. TheSlunitof electri powers 17, The commercial unit of electrical energy is ery low electrical 18, TRWh= J 19. The reciprocal of resistance is called 20, The slope of voltage (along y-axi se (along y-ax Cee is) and eurent 21. The resistance of Heres uve i i with 2. The resistance of a nce of a semiconductor Answers a 1, One joule 2. se ‘came cat 3 vohmeter ee hater 9 fc © a 1. conductors 12. i D tamer ees 2 insulators eaten Be : yh 18,3, ri ee a rine .6 x 108 . decreases ' Choice Questions ect choice AMONES th ly charged by fricticg * jemeans as acquired excess of electron has acquired excess of proton, body fas lost some electrons cH ie ody has lost some newire ey aege on body produces etic field only ric ficld only surge and magnetic field {@) neither electric OF magnetic field 3, There is no flow of current between tw, There bodies when connected Deca {@) they have the same quantity of charge (b) they have the same potential (© they have the same capacity (@ they have the same ratio of potential pe unit charge 4, Ifa charged body attracts another body, charge on the other body (@) must be negative (b) must be positive (c) must be zero pa ous ease ce positive or zero t PA kas force represents e (b) energy @ coed oe unit charge cee ofem, ofa cell is ae y oe of kilowatt-hours = Volt ampere x __ i 1000 (a) time i ONene a seconds (c) time in hours Par eee ce) ine in dave The commonly used safety fuse wire#™ @) copper (b) lead 9 nickel 9) an alloy of tin and lead 14. WIBe pe Yo be (© 16x 1083 16x a (@ 161085 16x10" a) 13, Aman has five resistors each of value + a. What isthe maximum resistance he can obtain ty connecting them? @ia Pea 1 © 39 @ 52 14, Whatis the minimum resistance that one can obtain by connecting all the five resistances ven in question 13? 1 1 ome w ta 1 1 oto els ae @ Es Q ‘Materials which allow larger currents to flow through them are called (@) insulators _(¢) semiconductors ia als (@) alloys is the curent through a wire and ¢ is the charge of electron, then the number of in# seconds will be given by Te e r (©) Ite ©) el tee @ Me tyson the direction ofthe curen (9) the direction a : Pde Fete ymeentve charge reece of flow of molecules direction of flow of positive charge 18, How will the reading in th Current Electricity 9 e ammeter A ther identical bulb @ is tel to P? (Fig. 4.74). is maintained at @ be affected if ano! connected in parall ‘The voltage in the mains i constant value. ‘switeh ee Mains P Fig. 4.74 (@) The reading will be reduced to one-half (b) The reading will not be affected. (©) The reading will be double the previous value. (@) The reading will be increased four-fold. 19, In the circuit shown below, the ammeter A reads 5 A.and the voltmeter V reads 20 V (Fig. 4.75). The correct value of resistance R is = @— in D Fig. 4.75 (2) exactly 40 (b) slightly greater than 4. (©) slightly less than 4 Q @ zero 20, The force between two parallel wires carrying currents has been used to define (a) ampere: (b) coulomb (©) volt (@) watt 21. The unit of specific resistance is (a) ohm (b) ohm (©) ohm-metre (4) ohm per metre 22. What is the in the circuit i : iti current in the circuit shown (Fig. (@) 115A ©@25A (b) OSA (d) none of these100, Namrata OF scree Poses for ae 2a. UL |: 2v ig. 4.76 23, Ifthe length ofa wi section is also do will ies doubled and its cross bled, then the resistance (@) inerease eight times (0) decrease four times {) become four times (@) remain unchanged 24, In the circuit shown in Fig 4.77, the reading ofthe voltmeter V will be ; wav (sv @) 2V (a 3V rey sono It 200.0 —o— Fig. 7 25. Five identical esista Es resistance coils are connected inthe network as shown in Fig. 4.78 and te resitnee measured between A and Bis the individual coils must have a resistance of @19 1 @ 72 1 72 4 @5a Fight) BtweED orb 28 Ay inoving IA an aie ed. ng, py lo ofthe following graphs (Fig: #0) correy (moving presents the variation of force (Fb ¥en 3 stationary repepeducors and distance (11 sy, nasable h . Meetrc field § ml b ( VIC @ NIC 30. 1 volt equals fa) 1 joule (1 joule ps ; fe) Leoulom (@ Lnewton 41, 1 Vin! equal (@) INC! 5 =a °.. -4 (@) 15m" ) ® Gare aan of a A If the unit of ‘ | A — conductance (a) ohm (c) mho i fs a 33. Which of th . a : aay maximum eff OF B? Fig. 4.90 G juestic Tf ‘ In question 26, which of the following graphs a correctly represents the varia pee variation between oe f see VV (i | f 24 i @ o > eee gare ° id : ® c ; 2a A a coe tie (a) Fig. 4.81Current Fleets 101 2g. A magnetic eld cannot exert any force on a t (a) moving magnet |G) stationary magnet {o) moving charge (@) stationary charge 49. Asuitable unit for expressing the strength of electric field @ vic @ NC 30. Lyolt equals: (a) L joule (b) 1 joule per coulomb (©) 1 coulomb per metre (@) Inewton per coulomb (b) Clim (@) CN 31, 1 Vm" equals @ Nc! (b) INC? (© tmnt @) 1 Jnr? 32. The reciprocal of resistance is conductance. Ifthe unit of resistance is ohm, the unit of conductance will be (@) ohm (b) volt (©) mho (@) ohm metre! 33, Which of the following networks yields ‘maximum effective resistance between A and 3B? 20 4 | 20 (@) 20 2a a 6 20 () 20 20 © 20 20 Ae 98 20 L_www4— (@ Fig. 4.82 34, Which of the following networks yields minimum current? 10. 10 10 10 (0)ects in Ps for CIE stance between A and B ing, mera and Ob o : 36, Wha ark Fig 48500)? networ 19 aves ae @ 22 29 3 2a 10. ua @ 32 Os ae the resistance between and Bin 4 3 x aa ie @ 3a () $9 1 @ 22 ia) -— av @ 10.48 19 Bak a 38 is Ati as NW! 20 @ 12 4 av a Fig 483 435, Whatis the total resistance between A and B inte given network (Fig. 484)? Given the © resistance ofthe gelvanometer as 40 0, @ 10 20 ae i i 38, Good conductors have many loosely ou" @5a @ Ss 2 Rp rane ohthese @ atoms (b) molecules ie (©) protons (@ electrons 39, One ampere equals (@ 10° pa (b) 10% pA 10 1 © WeyA 10 2 40, Inwhich ofthe cirouits shown in Fie will the galvanometer (G= 100.2) te en deflection? Fig 484 4 20 5 SI sa {r— ® 50 20 te © 2a G sa \ q 20 40 i ¥ a Se ey cles De:Current Electricity 108 (a) 625 x10 (b) 6.25 x 10" (©) 625% 10° (a) 625 10" 42. A person connects four +. © cells in series but one cell has its terminals reversed. The external resistance is | ©. Ifeach cell has an emf. of 1.5 V, the current flowing is 4 (154 (d) zer0 We er 43, The equivalent resistance between P and Q (Fig. 4.87) will be (79 () 2a 4 a a) SA b) 3A 5 ) © fa @ 12 19 P it © 20 2a 40 o. Fig. 4 44. If a wire of resistance 1 Q is stretched to double its length, then the resistance will ea 162 tepeae H M @ 72 (b) 22 i © © a Qa @ 4a 45. Which switch in the circuit (Fig. 4.88) when a ao 20 closed will produce short-circuiting? Bi (@) 4 )B ¥ @c (d) none of the above Fe | 16.5.2 T OY ; i ft ot @ o 9 Fig. 4.86 i a How many clecirons constitute a current of microsmpere? aaphysies for Clase-X 104 Numericals and Objectives in Physics for Cl 46, Seven identical lamps of resistance 2200 2 each are connected to a 220 V line as shown inFig. 4.89. Then the reading in the ammeter willbe \ 2 @ oA 5A 1 @ z A Fig 489 47. Whatis the resistance between 4 and B in the following circuit (Fig. 4.90)? @ 1a ® a 1 a © 72 @ 52 Sooo 19 oA 19 at L453 20 Fig. 490 48. Three identical bulbs are connected to a battery as shown in Fig. 4.91. When the circuit fpslosed by means ofthe switch itis found (2) Rwill be bright, but Q and P dim (©) B Qand Rall willbe equally bright (©) Qand R will immediately burn out (® Pill be bright, but Q and R dim 49, The fo ha amen 6 aso ngnetc ld was discovered by", ge Bina (@) Ocrited (b) Maxwett @ ess (o) Faraday (@) Ohm (3) esis 50. What isthe resistance between P ang 9, y 3 @ 72 ) 52 16 v aa (@ infin O 4 a { 2a 20 o 2 ¥ 20 20% 56, For © me! voltage & P a temperatui Fig. 4.92 Plows: 51. The unit of conductance can’t be expresse; @ ™|)=1 (a) mho (b) (ohm)! ) T%)>1 (©) siemen (@ ohmm" Cet <3 52. The SI unit of specific resistance is (@) nothir (@) ohm m (b) ohm m* yw (c) ohm m? (@ (ohmy'! 53. The reciprocal of resistivity of a conduct: (@) conductance (6) capacitance (©) conductivity (@) none of these 54. The slope of current (1°) versus voltag( a is called (@) resistance (b) resistivity (©) conductivity (4) conductance oO y 3. For a _ ! Current t femperan, follows: @ 7. ie os x © ay (@ Es Fig, 4.93icity 105 Current Electr Ay i X cle (b) conductance a) eesistanee (b) & x (esa conductivity (esi vy Fig. 496 58, Whats the current (1) in the cieult? 1 a) LA (b) 24 @> 2 f these Fig. 4.94 @ 34 (@) none of thes 1 \ gq Fora metallic conductor, current versus a 4 paises graph is drawn at two different ila Temperatures 7) and > From the graph it eae follows: mm @nnh Zsseyye NN @ 1h (Poin Fig. 497 is @ nothing can be decided. ae 59. The resistance of germanium rise in temperature. (@) increases i Ty i | A (b) decreases t { (c) remains the same | (€) first increases then decreases 4 60. A suitable unit for expressing electric ficld l strength is x (a) VIC ot e =! (© Am Fig. 495 61. Theefiective resistance ofa circuit containing 51. For a metallic conductor, voltage versus resistances in parallel is | i cutrent graph is drawn at two different (a) equal to the sum of the individual resist- temperatures 7, and Tp, From the graph it ness) follows: (b) smaller than any of the individual resist- @ 7.=7, ances (b) 7)>7, (c) greater than any of the individual resist- O41 ances (@) nothing can be decided (@) sometimes greater and sometimes smaller than the individual resistances—————————— sow sctives in Physics for Class-X 16 Numerics a Objectives InP @) ayector (©) neither scalat {@) sometimes Electo potential is {@) a scalar quantity &) anestor guantity {@) neither scalar nor VestOr { somerimes salar and sometimes vector 64, Choose the only veetoramongst the following: {@) elects potential (b) emt. {@) clerical energy (@ electrostatic force 65. One ohm is equal to (@) 10°mega ohm (MQ) () 10°MO (©) 10-°MQ (@) none of these 66. In general, when the temperature ofa conductor increases, its resistance (a) increases (b) decreases (©) remains the same 67. The resistance of carbon rise the temperature. (2) increases. (b) decreases (c) remains the same ©) first increases then decreases 68. The resistance of a semiconductor material (germanium orsilicon) itiise ‘in temperature. (@) increases ©) deoreases (Ql realas fhe sano so, ©, fst inreases then decreases AS reciprocal of resistance is conductance. he unit of resistance is ohm, Therefore, the a is ae, | () henry ©) Ora (@) molestitre 70. In Coulomb's law, the ality Khas the unity tt OfPrOPOrtion- salar and sometimes vector with 1 n B. 74, 7B 16. 1. @N (b) Nm (o) NC*at (a) Nme/c? Tike magnitude of Kin the above quey. Nim/C? is ta (a) 9x 108 (b) 9x 10!" (©) 9x10" (@) none of they 1 volt equals @ 1s (b) Le (©) Lc (@)_ none of these A graph is plotted between the po, difference (applied across the eng,” conductor) and the current (following ty. the conductor). The graph isa straight (@) intersecting both the axes “ (b) having an intercept on the X-axis (©) having an intercept on the Y-axis (@) none of these In order fo measure current in a resis present ina circuit, the ammeteris conn, (@) inseries (b) in parallel (©) in series or parallel (@) nothing can be decided Good conductors have many loosely tox (@) atoms (b) protons (©) molecules (d) electrons In ourhouses all electrical devices ope: 220 V. It implies that (@) they are connected in parallel (b) they are connected in series (©) they all have currents of equal vos (@) they all have the same resistance What isthe total resistance across 4 andl the circuit shown in Fig. 4.98? @ 19 (&) 20 cee (@) none of these 2a. 22 20 20 a B Fig. 4.98 a 0 could carer @ 103 ar © 70 2, The device difference i (@) potenti (© voltme 4. The work charge act’ jgameasu (@) currer (b) resist (©) powe: @) poten 84. Ohmic co (a) obey ©) don (©) som @) none 85. Chooset others, a @ cop, (c) sive 86. Which c ie nict c) con, 87. Which clectric: @) wo (©) nei ~ @) botites current ina metal wire? ot a weeons (0) tokens oe @ molecules fixed resistance is called ets) Heitor oe. Oe ‘Cre variable resistance is Triste (0) theostat (open switch (€) none of these ety) at How ‘much work is done in moving a ‘charge mnt Ariwo coulombs from @ point at 118 volts to Rey apointst 128 volts? Rig Gg) 107 () 20) a EOD (@) none of these as 10 | 9, The device used for measuring potential neg, diffrence is known as {ig @) potentiometer (b) ammeter Sam (voltmeter. _(d) galvanometer | 49, The work done in moving a unit positive ‘charge across two points in an electric circuit | isameasure of Be | eae (&) resistance (c) power (@) potential difference 84, Ohmic conductors (@) obey Ohm’s law (6) donot obey Ohm’s law: (©) sometimes obey Ohm’s law (@) none of these is true fal 85. Choose the substance which is different from others, as regards conduction of electricity: (@) copper (b) aluminium we (©) silver (d) rubber 86. Which of the following has low resistivity? (@) nichrome ——(b) manganin ie (©) constantan — (d) copper . Which of the following has infinitely high lectrical resistance? @) wood — (b) rubber (©) neither (a) nor (b) (@) both (a) and (b) ; | | | Current Electricity 107 88, What is the resistance across A and B in the following circuit (Fig, 4.99)? 5 4 @ 72 & 32 14 © 72 (a) none of these 19, a 19, 20 19 8 2a Fig. 4.99 89. Ifthe length of wire of resistance Ris changed to:n times, its mass remaining constant, then its new resistance will be (a) mR (b) PR ad R 2 ae OF OR 90. Ifthe radius of the wire of resistance Ris made times, its mass remaining constant, then is new resistance will be @ wR (b) wR os @* 91, The temperature coefficient of resistance for a super conductor is @l (m) <1 (©) ze10 (@) infinity 92. The speed at which the current travels in @ conductor is nearly (a) 3x10 ms* (b) 3x 10° mst (©) 3x 107 mst (@ 3x 10° ms! 93. Conductivity of a conduetor depends upon, (a) length (b) volume (©) area of eross section (fami+f pects in Psi for CSP son Aveeno nd diameter and half the half the J meterial. The wire Q of simi sistance of P to that of is ou Aire PS Aengtt of ratio of @it @) 12 wrt @ sl 9g, he resistance of human body is about @ 2a @) 1202 © 2k (a) 120K 96. te equivaent resistance of network of BS 2.0 resistors cannot be 22 (@ 0672 3a 97, Inthe folowing di annmeter is (when the inter the hater is zero) 2a © 10 oA ameofitese 1 © Zov 340 = ss | ioe | Fis. 4.100 Avishai f900 sein te rmofan equstea ingle The x ‘resistance between the comers is TM eae & 309 99, cee @ 9Q . The resistance wl be I dimensions least in a wire with @ —.2a oA 101 102. If there is an increase to stretching, the pes resistance will be @) 0.1% © i% 103, The current i @) 4+ © b+ Fig. 4.102 104.A wire of resistance R drawn into another ‘eistanoe of the wire wil @Zz 2 © 4R A