> PROPERTIES OF SOIL ek msi 8+ Gw=eS var ow 4 Yn= 22 (Ht) Your HE iy 5 » CRITICAL HYDRAULIC GRADIENT & uae Gal [te » COEFFICIENT OF UNIFORMITY ¢, =e 4" Dio » COEFFICIENT OF GYRATION Ce «Da Dio«Deo » SUITABILITY NUMBER Sn=17 by? ™ tha 0-10 EXCELLENT 20-30 Hai 10-20 GOOD 30-50 POOR GEOTECH > 3 » ATTERBERG LIMITS SOLID | SEMI-SOLID | PLASTIC | LIQUID SL PL uw ® LIQUID LIMIT (LL) 121mm * 25 BLOWS 20mm * 5 sec PLASTIC LIMIT (PL) 42mm DIAMETER » PLASTICITY INDEX PI = LL-PL P RELATIVE DENSITY OR DENSITY INDEX (Dr) Dr =f og = = Vie 1Y4_ 99 Vydoum ~ Vda PD RELATIVE COMPACTION (R) =14 x (004 R= x 100%, » EFFECTIVE PARTICLE SIZE Dio z 3 P SORTING COEFFICIENT [Dn son BR > SIEVE ANALYSIS. OPENING DIAMETER {une} PERCENT FINER CLIN > SHRINKAGE LIMIT (SL) | MaMa _Ve-Ve * [ we 1 see Gea » UU y INDEX ett P CONSISTENCY INDEX GEOTECH® 4 P ACTIVITY OF CLAY hese GEOTECH*G> UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (USCS) COARSE FRACTION : No. 200 RETAINED GRAVEL >No 4 RETAINED "6.2 to 45 mm SAND: Not PASSED 475te 0.075 mm FINE FRACTION: No, 200 PASSED SILT and CLAY: < 6.075mm » USDA METHOD GRAVEL. > 2mm SAND: 2mm to 05mm SILT: 0.05mm to 0,002mm CLAY: < 0.002mm > VELOCITY ® HYDRAULIC GRADIENT veki i=b/L » SEEPAGE on INTERSTITIAL VELOCITY Ve=v/n PSEEPAGE FORCE & DISCHARGE Q=kiA » CONSTANT HEAD ‘TEST k= Noll SF= iyw GEOTECH®S » Tey = Alnlle/rs i 2mlu-ta) > FLOW NETS a- KiNG) id > UPLIFT PRESSURE us hash 4G (Nas) > PARALLEL Flow Gea=Q.+Q 14872 ARE DRAWDOWNS se | HKea= hk GEOTECH*7 > USDA METHOD (WITH GRAVEL) y ot 100%, BSQND = 100%, - GRAVEL 1 GAY Onn ERAVEL > AASHTO METHOD GT (Foe 95)(000511) é +001 (Fase 15)(PT-10) PARAL ALAcB A244 | A-2aG AAAS A2-5 ADT A-G,A-7 GI= ZERO | GI=PARTIAL | GI = FULL > PUMPING TEST (UNCONFINED) k= GlnG/n) rehehz) : PPO Te (CONFINED) F = Fs/Ta, a KD Hthchy) tp > TRANSMISSIVITY » PERPENDICULAR FLOW fi=2(t] Gea =@i=Qe K Hea= hi+h, P CAPILLARY RISE h=c/eDio naciay- 3 DWE: Pa#0 = CAPILLARY ZONE ® Beton ad TARE e Pee’ "heb DP EFFECTIVE STRESS Pe= Pr-Pw> PRIMARY CONSOLIDATED aH eae He log (APE f) » OVERLY CONGOLIDATED _ Hs, (AP+P, Heys on (A282 HCs Pe A> Te loa(f) + > COMPRESSION. INDEX Ce" Tafiegpr 7 0009(LL-) > COEFFICIENT OF CONSOLIDATION y= Ha*Ty > HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY K=Cy my Xw > MOHR’S CIRCLE SIGN CONV. COMPRESSION ® COUNTER-CLOCKWISE SHEAR ® P TRIAXIAL TEST ANGLE OF FAILURE O= 45+ 4/2 PRANKINE EARTH PRESSURE ACTIVE SOIL PRESSURE Ka = cosh cos ese are 1- aoe si B =t-sind Ka ‘Tsind ' i BO I h PASSIVE SOIL PRESSURE Ke cosp- cosh + Seos'B- cost cosh ~Jeos'B-costp Kp = Atsing «ag i-sing : we) apeecr, 2 Hell > SWELL INDEX Cs*C/5 iF Nor civen © OVERCONSOLIDATION RATIO OCR = P./Pe » P COEFFICIENT OF COMPRESS. ays 28202 P2-Ps > COEFFICIENT ‘OF VOLUME COMPRESSIBILITY my = 5 5 av ltewe eA NORMALLY CONSO- COnESNE “sou. UDATED SOIL @=ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION/ SHEARING RESISTANCE Os* MINIMUM PRINCIPAL STRESS * CONFINING / LATERAL / RADIAL/ CELL/ CHAMBER PRESSURE GEOTECH » 1G REST EARTH PRESSURE Ko 1-sind > PRESSURE DIAGRAM FPR GBR Paeky'h (Sou) Re2clk (coves) Py=kq (SURCH) Pw=yehw (H20) > BOUSSINESA, EQUATION (CONCENT. LOAD) GEOTECH 18 a aP= raterAP = oe (UNIFORM LOAD) = VERTICAL DISTANCE r= HORIZONTAL DISTANCE » DEPTH OF EMBEDMENT TO WIDTH RATIO. SHALLOW: <4 a) 8 °14 DEEP: >4 » GENERAL SHEAR FAILURE STRIP FOUNDATION Qur=cNe + qNq + 05yBNy CASE 2: =yDs De. Ste rasn meee SHOULD BE we BY y' 8 CASE 3: se * ave nierytod dan a yet PPILE IN SAND LAYER Qrriction = KApPtanar Quip = qNq Are Qnp = CreNe Ane aes gag + Gre 4 im a=Fle GROUP EFFICIENCY 2(m+n-2)S + 4D motrD M=NUMBER OF COLUMNS n= NUMBER OF ROWS $= SPACING OF PILES D= DIAMETER OF PILE GEOTECH = 23 SQUARE FOOTING wr = L3CNc +qNq + 0.4 yBN; CIRCULAR FOOTING wus LOCNc +4Nq #0.34BNy clahae & ne: OF WATER TABLE i q* eyiDe- d)ty'd me TN me Td Tent af SHOULD BE REPLACED P De= CRITICAL DEPTH De® 10x SIZE OF PILE Te for LOOSE SAND f DENSE ‘ P= PERIMETER OF PILE 5 KCOEFFICIENT OF LAT. PRESS. Ap=AREA OF PRESS, DIAGRAM 8 PPILE IN CLAY LAYER Qenscron 7 CLaP ® PILES ACTING AS A GROUP CONSIDER TOTAL AREA AND TOTAL PERIMETER OF PILE GROUPP SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF INFINITE SLOPE A. FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING WITHOUT SEEPAGE =—_<_ , tan ‘ ba Hsin8 cosB * tanB : FS2——__ + tang é SmHsinBcosp tang B. FACTOR OF SAFETY W/ SEEP FS= c + Sue tan? Sear H sinBoosh Sigur tan Fe=c(L of trial fail. plane)x width B. MAX HEIGHT FOR CRITICAL EQUILIBRIUM (Her) ‘ -4c__sinBeos Her % Peelb-al & C STABILITY NUMBER (m) 3% m= c/%sH D. STABILITY FACTOR = 1/m Fe= FRICTION FORCE Fe= COHESION We WEIGHT, ABOVE ae * c= COHESION a | B= BACKFILL ANG. Sx. P=ANGLE OF =~ INTERNAL FRIC. H=THICKNESS OF SoIL 2 ANALYSIS OF FIXED SLOPE = A. FACTOR OF SAFETY é AGAINST SLIDING FS2—FetFe_ Wsin8 | Fs =yWcos® = Wcoe8 tan P }PACE FACTOR CORRECTION DUE TO PULL = LENGTH on DISTANCE = (P-PIL Pea Eero Deane Coe (PGI 400 AGEBRAICALY 1 STRIDE = 2 PACES P CORRECTION DUE TO SAG > ERROR IN TAPE Leomneer = Luerras +e(4e) Co Tape 2p? ALWAYS SUBTRACT ae a =| > LEVELING = SANS > fn Stoct Laopt | HI*ELEV+BS = Pu" HI-FS & > CORRECTION DUE TO TEMPERATURE | AELEV= 3B5 - SPS a CroL(T=T,) ADD ALGEBRAICALLY P RELATIVE ERROR/ PRECISION = ILGxIO USE IF NOT GIVEN RP = PE/ PV > PROBABLE ERROR INCLINED ne = Xa-3)? H=Kscos’8 + Ccos8 PE mean = 2 0.6745 [sear a} V= Ka(sin26)/2 + Csin8 PEemcie = + 0.6745 / 20-0" T= kacos8 + C (n-1) C=O INTERNAL FOCUSING P STADIA FORMULA be s C=0.30 EXTERNAL FOWSING T HORIZONTAL SIGHT & > DOUBLE MERIDIAN DISTANCE & D=ks +C DMD OF THE FIRST LINE IS GQUAL K=/i_ STADIA INTERVAL FACT. # TO THE DEPARTURE 2 C=c+ STADIA CONSTANT $= STADIA INTERCEPT DMD OF OTHER LINES iS DMD OF PRECEDING LINE + DEP OF PREC. + DEP_OF CURRENT LINE DP ADJUSTMENT OF LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE COMPASS/ BOWDITCH RULE ——Cn___. LENGTH/DISTANCE ERROR unyoer PERIMETER TRANSIT RULE OF LAST LINE IS NUMERICALLY OwraUAL TO THE DEPARTURE OF THE LAST LINE BUT WITH OPP. SIGN P CLOSED TRAVERSE (CALTECH) COMPLEX MODE x. INPUT: rZ8 . a = DISTANCE ‘ecw —— oh __,_tAhonper > a FROM ERROR .at/oeP | LAT] on 2] DEP} . Orns EASURED S| eRRoR oF cLosure OUTPUT: x+yi x:DEP uy: LAT JoiaT}* + (Epep)* BASIC MODE oe | RELATIVE ERROR INPUT: REC(r,B) OUTPUT: x.y RE = E0c/ PERIMETERP SIMPLE CURVE CHORD_BASIS | T= Rtan(t/2) TANGENT. bis. sinB =i » KR» C=aRsin(T/2) LONG CHORD P REVERSE CURVE Le= mRI/1¢0 LENGTH OF CUR. P i E= RU sec(t/2) - my EXTERNAL DIST. Rat Re or >< i M=R(L-cos(t/2)) MIDDLE ORD. © | pgpipar cunve ie DEGREE OF CURVE Lt, 190 a G ARC BASIS g OR rt CALs 5 p= AMBAIG 2nk_ Bn a is ee ANGLE x0" P= LsY/24R = x, oy: ee BY AN ARC Le=0.0%K/R = 0.00799k7/R {| Te = (Ls/2) + (Rt I, PD UNSYMMETRICAL VERTICAL h Sr iRipel (R ay M2, de ‘ OnE win, ote aon)? ® wt Hast (otos) ™ SS D/De=L/Ls La} T= 2864 Te GolLstla)= gala tout a, > SIGN s mPa oe || EE | ait — LEVEL CROSS. SECTION g 4s “che es THREE LEVEL CROSS SECTIO} An=3[c(ditda) +2.(hthe) P VOLUME BY PRISMOIDAL FORM. Ve=(L/c)(As#4Am*Aa) Sr gsr CORRECTION Ce=(L/12)(ca-ca)(da-d2) p= Ve-Cp P VOLUME OF DEPRESSION 2 oie UwiaN Asta $24s$. + An) 8 SIT HOR. ANGLE ERROR E=etanO E=e(tanOs - tanGa) @=ANGLE OF INCLINATION 2 a FIVE LEVEL CROSS SECTION As. =(1/2)( BC+ Fade + $2.4.) rvoune BY END AREA METHOD = (Asta)P HIGHWAY SAFETY AND ACCIDENT ANALYSIS ¥ (100,000,000) R r Br “ns MEL (SEGMENT) oy OD M “7 Re ENTE acs (spor) A=NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS & L= LENGTH IN MILES z N=TIME PERIOD IN YEARS » SEVERITY RATIO gp =——fatal (F) + injury (i) (F) + (i) * PROPERTY DAMAGE (P) > ACTUAL (DESIGN) FLOW RATE (DHV) DHV = PHV/PHF » RATE OF FLOW q=kUs (veh/hr) MINIMUM TIME HEADWAY = Yq (hours) 2 P SPACING OF VEHICLES 3 Wk (km) 2 K= DENSITY IN veh./Km P CAPACITY OF A SINGLE LANE C= 1000V/S — (veh/hr) @= SUPERELEVATION in m/m = COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION P STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE ce —e__ SsD= vt + Fea) £=SKID RESISTANCE G*GRADE OR SLOPE OF ROAD DECELERATION = o( F4G) _ BRAKING TIME tp= a(iG) BRAKE EFF. = 2 x 1007, Fave TRANSPO » 5 DSPACE MEAN SPEED W224 20 oe ee EVD > TIME MEAN SPEED Uy = ZUd/t) - Ue n n SPO e 2 Ur>Us ‘Ui = SUM OF ALL SPOT SPEEDS »PEAK HOUR FACTOR (PHF) & RATIO OF THE PEAK HOUR VOLUME TO FOUR TIMES THE PEAK 15-MIN_VOLUME 3=VEFL $= AVERAGE CENTER TO CENTER SPACING (m) t= REACTION TIME (s) L* LENGTH OF ONE CAR (m) = V=AVERAGE SPEED (m/s) + V in Kph for CAPACITY FORM. & P DESIGN OF HORIZONTAL CURVE Rew = Tea) = (i CRor IF ar zetf 5 PDESIGN OF PAVEMENT RIGID_ PAVEMENT t={2W/F WITHOUT DOWELS. t= ne DOWEL AT EDGE t2J2W/4F = DOWEL AT CENT. 2 f=ALLOW. CONCRETE 5 TENSILE STRESS FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT = t= 0.504 /H - oseP RAILROAD ENGINEERING AREA_OF “i fex\ OE CONTACT BETW. + ‘#/—\ ease ee | WHEEL LOAD & 4 “440°. sup, >) | tio PAVEMENT Aa em ANGE ow EXPANSION PRESSURE o TOE LENGTH HEEL LENGTH 2 te EXPANSION PRESSURE FROG NUMBER = HL/ HS 2 PAVEMENT DENSITY FN= (1/2) cot (6/2) PAVEMENT STIFFNESS FACTOR F | pueADWAY CAPACITY = SF = J Es/Ep h= ML/RP "Es SUBGRADE; Ep PAVEMENT M= SEATING CAPACITY L= Too ome ACCEPTABLE AVE. R= RATIO OF MAXIMUM LOAD To PASSENGERS BOARDING P= TOTAL PATRONAGE IN PASSENGER PER HOUR ® WAVES STEEPNESS = H/L Vv > RADIUS FOR MAX. SPEED R= vi/g(ute. P HORIZONTAL SHEAR IN NOTCHED BEAMS (NSCP) nei (S) d= TOTAL DEPTH OF BEAM _, d'= ACTUAL DEPTH AT NOTCH =: P COMPRESSION AT AN ANGLE TO GRAIN (HANKINSON ) = Fa= TRANSPO » 9 Fesin’® + Fe, cos*O Fn = ALLOWABLE UNIT STRESS ACTING PERPENDICULAR TO THE INCLINED SURFACE Fe=ALLOWABLE UNIT STRESS IN COMPRESSION PARALLEL « TO GRAIN Fe. = ALLOWABLE UNIT STRESS IN COMPRESSION PERPEN- = DICULAR TO. GRAIN @= ANGLE BETW. LOAD & GRAIN > COMPRESSION PERPENDICULAR TO GRAIN 150mm IN LENGTH AND NEARER THAN ‘15 mm OD THE END OF A MEMBERPp eas te ae » AVERAGE SHEAR STRESS » SECTION MODULUS fy2¥- | g-t v Otw c > GENERAL SHEAR STRESS er OF GYRATION fye a : Te [E he a ¢ >» SHEAR FLOW 4 > BOLT SPACING s - iQ 5 g- RL 5 I | va » MODULAR RATIO > CASE I n=Es/Ec a COMPACT SECTION P CONCRETE Fe Fo=0.GGFy STRONG AXIS Fe= O45 Fe Fo=O15Fy WEAK AXIS > BENDING STRESS NSCP (bt/ 2ts)JFy $110 Lc =200bs op 197900 : (d/tw Fy $1680 z TR Fatdlae) SMAUER a * PARTIALLY COMPACT a LSLe CASE I-LATERALLY SUPP. Fo=(074-o.000%2 BJF) Fy # L>Le CASE IT- LATERALLY UNSUPP. M10 <(bs/ateNFy < 250 : | AWN, $ 180 c.NON-COMPACT SECTION Fue 1872 Prato Comer ct > CASE I Fos S2740Ce TER THAN ‘2 Falta}? LG/As)_ O.GOFy 3. Fee 3 ~ 1055710" r|Fy Ly BIRO Foe ago ” is iid $ © Fyn 22740Cp < 0.C0F 3 USE THE BIGGER VALUE.NOT “LG/As) = y d GREATER THAN Q.GOFy ‘ < 03270 z y [Eo TE < 1. < <== Coe ent scala” Mi? SMALL 5 Mr®BIG = Ces 23® EULER CRITICAL LOAD Pens 7 > COMPRESSIVE STRESS ab Ce SHORT COLUMN » ane STRESS FORMULA KL >Ce LONG COWMN EF > COMPRESSION. INDEX > EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTOR * cen PRE FI CROTON | Hm LONG COLUMN L->unsupron- mem | 99 faa Sth, [pat wens FIN- FREE 20 ra(hL/r} > On > GOVERNING RADIUS OF GYRATION Fa itl r=JLa/A rg- B+ [Me] afi]? > AXIAL TENSION AND BENDING a°8 8 | fey fey fer < 19 > PRODUCT OF INERTIA oO Fm Pa Tw = SAxy =P AXIAL COMPRESSION & BENDING » MOHR'S CIRCLE COORDINATES # A WHEN fa/Fa < 05 Pi a.Le) fay fou y Fou Ps (oie) Lhe Bee ———— _— SIDESWAY PREVENTED 6 i amen Cngh SUBJECT TO TRANSVERSE LOADING Fa =0@5 RESTRAINED AGAINST fa (epee (Fe) Fe & ROTATION AN (m= 10 UNRESTRAINED fa_, fo, fy < 10 AGAINST ROTATION we NOT SUBJECT TO TRANEVERSE LOAD Fe oy Waite}? # C= 0-04 (ML/ Ma) > VALUES OF Cm & PURLIN. ANALYSIS SIDESWAY NOT PREVENTED Cm= 0.85 WITHOUT SAGRODS (SIMPLY SUPP) Maz wol/8 My= wal?/8 STEEL* 8 STEEL» 10 STEEL + 12WITH SAGRODS aT MIDSPAN »NSCP ALLOWABLE BEARING o Mex wsl?/B 9 My=wel®/32 FULL CONCRETE PNSCP WEB YIELDING Fp= 035fc ([s]] LOAD 1S APPLIED AT OR NEAR NOT FULL CONCRETE hi THE MEMBER END Fes O35FE [& < 070K R___ < O66F, 8 AD z t(N4 25K) =| CALCULATION OF Lp A LOAD IS APPLIED AT A DISTANCE & — cHOOSE THE # FROM Ms MEMBER END = % — TARGER VALUE ° TnINTER) < OG6Fs | OF bs Fett > THICKNESS OF PLATE (OLD aisc) > BLOCK SHEAR tee [Peele Fo=O5Fy | P=050Fudt + 030FuAv > STAGGERED BOLTS a P THICKNESS OF PLATE _ (NEW AIsC) Anet (B-50mu + rg) 2 di 4g 3 ip AlabE gs fe 4 (tbe)*Fe a | STRESS ON CRITICAL BOLT 2 A. HEAVILY LOADED SMALL PLATE | WITHOUT TORSION a antl wield ee] OH ea & B.LIGHTLY LOADED SMALL PLATE y gx 1S VERY SMALL 2S o RELATIVE TD Ay? | 9064 ve antl) ! - > STRESS ON A BOLT DUE DUE TO MOMENT (BENDING) TO TORSION Pa = te =—lt = ite Poe = SG553) Tatty) P FILLET WELD SHEAR STRESS > ALLOWABLE WELD SHEAR STRESS Fv = O30Fu P LOAD AND RESIST) te = O107t S| FACTOR DESIGN (LRFD $ fea Pe fa Be IK, a| Paco rean, CED) a te G 9=090 veLbiNG IN THE Rose AREA 's *DUE TO MOMENT ( TORSION) #0715 Factors Pg zt pg Te ; aa re CET AREA SLB ata) UL outa") e075 swear SEN OF bors on Wendy> PLASTIC NEUTRAL AXIS DIVIDES THE SECTION INTO TWO EQUAL PARTS PLASTIC SECTION MODULUS 1a=(A/2)(yetue) %) %[Sp6T 1x7™ 3Q c » PLASTIC SHAPE FACTOR PSF = 1x/Sx > PLASTIC ANALYSIS VIRTUAL WORK METHOD > BIDDING (PD 1594) RB= RESPONSIVE BIDS O.GOAAE< RB $ 1.20 AAE AAE= APPROVED AGENCY ESTIMATE AGE= ALLOWABLE GOVERNMENT ESTIMATE =(1/2)(AAE + RBave) ELIGIBLE BIDDERS EB OOAGE < EB < AGE on AAE AIR-DRY (AD) NO SURFACE MOISTURE BUT INTERNAL PORES ARE PARTIALLY FULL SATURATED -SURFACE=DRY (SSD) NO SURFACE MOISTURE BUT ALL PORES ARE FILLED WET ALL PORES COMPLETELY FILLED WITH WATER WITH A FILM ON THE SURFACE STEEL*19 “1 * 3 - EW= IW EW= WORK DONE BY LOADS = LOAD x DISPLACEMENT IW= WORK DONE BY THE PLASTIC. MOMENT "tos HOTAT , 8 toot Zp g rer # 4M» * 6Fele PABSOUTE ERA {Otte = Seurn* Veenent © Vass +3. Bw Vals = Veement (1- %VOIDS)*MR Vaes = m/s9. Sw MIX PROPORTION CAN ALSO BE EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF MASS OF CEMENT 3 MOISTURE STATES OVEN-DRY (0p) ALL PORES ARE EMPTY 2> CAPILLARITY Yacos@ WHO, for Hg he O' for H20 P HYDROSTATIC FORCE (PLANE) » ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE BF=¥,Vy Yo= eV > STATICAL STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES Forfa ea Zion OM =e = WMGcind z 2 =W : PHYDROSTATIC FORCE (CURVED) @ ges pcr 8 Vesnd Fa /Rntey £ 5 f a =f) “ MBy= SBE = t aL. 5 APPROXIMATE - i wee BE [1 +05tent6] + RECT T= bh b 1S PARALLEL If e>BiG a Rae tne BE a0 GB.< MB. RIGHTING sees OF Ry (3) anp (e) GB. >MB. OVERTURN = RM-OM_ UPSTREAM > FACTORS OF SAFETY 4 Ry _ ee RM uRy : ibnhd m= om FBTR g g > FOUNDATION PRESSURE = > HORIZONTAL MOTION 2 Th es Bie ey tanO= § q- Bt) = _ ® INCLINED MOTION > VOLUME e PARABOLOID fan@=—S"— (+) UPWARD Ve 0.5’ Qiay —-) DOWNWARD | TH ist RI VERTICAL MOTION ee ee p=yh 123 (+) UPWARD 7 W 29 VELOCITY HEAD Y (+1 DOWNWARD “i PE 7 > ROTATING VESSELS 3 Ww. ELEVATION HEAD g tenp2 2x tL =| PIX PRESSURE HEAD z se i oe > TOTAL ENERGY yout team rdlee eB es |> HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE HEIGHT THE FLUID WOULD RE TO IN A PIEZOMETER wip okse > ENERGY GRADE LINE SE? > BERNOULLIS THEOREM war eRe a= eRe asin » POWER PLOT OF THE TOTAL a 75 is = GsE ie ENERGY CONTENT PeGye he = > CONTINUOUS FLOW [| > EFFICIENCY a Qi=Qi=Qs... 2 | — Eff =(QUTPUT/INPUT)* 100 2 SLOPE OF EGL > Tee © |» DARCY-WEISBACH FORMULA @ = S=HL/L HEAD EXTRACT.) ne he=0.0826FL > PUMP (HEAD ADDED) (ALL ecTioNs) (CIRCULAR mires) _ > MANNING FORMULA # > MINOR Logs PENEREY IN THE hn=Ga5rtL og he=lOaaeAl po he km Pi viy (ALL SECTIONS) — (CIRCULAR. PIPES) P THREE-RESERVOIR PROBLEMS genie WL FORMULA « CASE 1: Ga=GatGe LO. @ v=0.049.CR' AOL Ela-ELo=hta thee Oo ae onescorenn ore, El “Elehe-hee 8 3 (ALL SECTIONS| CIRCULAR PIPES) CASE 2° GQa+@n= a > HIORAIC RADI El: name we we » FoR, Note CIRCULAR PIPES Saree leet te Se = _ a | = IN SERIES V=KINEMATIC VISCOSITY (ov'/s) Qi=Qe=Qs.. pw AP veulp HL= hrathts hes. x TYPE OF FLOW PARALLEL PIPES Na< 2000 LAMINAR Qs=Qs = Qa#Qn Azeaa = GH/Ner HL* hfs hia ha ALT | Na> 2000. ruReuewr # ha" hfe aa. =-Il Tar REYNOLDS NUMBER é 235° Ni & Nee 3D. Dye "en ABSOLUTE ROUGHNESS (m) | van £/D = RELATIVE ROUGHNESS |b" DYNAMIC/ ABSOLUTE VISC. (Pa's)> ORIFICE_ VELOCITY P ORIFICE f ens HEAD) HYDRO* 14 Ve 2V2gh. THEORETICAL t= =Cvd7gh ACTUAL Im CAV 2gh hy > ORIFICE DISCHARGE “ths (Jiu -Jb: ) conan Q=(CeACv/2gh =CAV2gh CAMIg ie sah Cev, & SPECIAL CASE: IFICE HEAD 2 Haase (eam 2 tahegeary (Re) P PROJECTILE WATER bee OF Aer & A PLANE y= xtan® — (9x7/2viten88 ) FepQv Fe pay’ MOVING PLATE > RECTANGULAR WEIRS gp4P Fep\ol (=) SUPPRESSED (IF NOT SPECIFIED) a=kcL ym HH? i » FORCE ON PIPES BEND actA (cule ae AND REDUCE fay Dt = TFe=pQvarve) SZ "™ os) CONTRACTED WEIR shpat) RE ™ 3 batt Se P FORCE ON A CURVED VANE = 8) conineRING VELOCITY OF APPR LF x® pQ(Vex-Vix) amylt™ is ae eae) => Das oft | or wat) fa? | PCIPOLLETTI WEIR onsen (a) (x) Bree ee witH m= (2/3)¢ 4 (A f > TRIANGULAR 4 V-NOTCH WEIR sie La S SYMMETRICAL - haa ANGE (WEIR) a= fl talp) a; #4 Q= mH g See <3 (*- ; ie) xeon = Q=L4H™ * on WHEN 6=40° P BROADCRESTED WEIRS Q?LTLH™ D UNIFORM a SAME DEPTH, CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA AND VELOCITY HYDRO® 16 s ANGULAR a =POPEN_ CHANNELS v=C/RS P VALUES. OF, ¢ = [8a . mi” c= [ie mn CHEZY coor MANNING -—_ 81 Te mR BAZIN = (Un) +23 +(0.00155/5) 1 +(niTR) (234 0.00155/8) P ALTERNATE STAGES OF FLOW SUBCRITICAL de ‘SUPERERIT. 7" amar CONSTANT @ CONSTANT E » FROUDE NUMBER Ne= v/fedm Ne® v/Jod RECTANGULAR dm= HYDRAULIC DEPTH = A/B B* WIDTH OF LIQUID SURFACE Ne<1 SUBCRIT. Ne>d1 SUPERCRIT. > NON-UNIFORM FLOW RETARDED FLOW di CHEZY- MANNING FORMULA v=(1/n) RY?S* MOST EFFICIENT SECTIONS Ga q@ “DISCHARGE PER METER at # (2/9) E, re ExWcfigheae HCO P ALTERNATE DEPTHS FisE2 @s=@z: qaqa DP HYDRAULIC JUMP HEIGHT OF JUMP =d)-dy, POWER LOST = Qy (HL) P,-Py = = Bivew) Pr sha ted ne) er: Yom ¥ a ay GENERAL id ,|> eK d=094D . d*0.01D (maxy) He MES TRAPEZOIDAL > uTICA, DEPTH Ge Ae au secr, Be dee fgi/q RECT. - HYDRO * 20 HYDRO » 22 HYDRO® 24» LOAD DISTRIBUTION FOR A TWO-WAY SLAB we (SHORTER BEAM) > aH set wamifeab a ae wg) omen S = SHORTER SPAN S~ s 7 3 L=LONGER SPAN [we SJ” & *aonie ae 4 4 FLOOR Load (Pa) ©) > VALUES OF Bs * By= 0.85 ,-085 -005(2*) » 00s » STEEL RATIO pf e ee | = 068 (1-[- BB ) ai asf »( x (= Pune ff > 1H ote de a seem UF RESISTING == Pre HE (F)() sero 2 ET 3 pont (3 \(4 ) e105 & Ras ie = > NOMINAL FLEXURAL STRENGTH P STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR Mn= C(d-05a) = T(d-05a) € 70.002 , $=0.65 ie REBAR DIAMETERS (mm) £e=0.005 "9-080) 8 eS 10,12, 16,20, 25,28, 32.36 — pet P DOUBLY REINFORCE! 085fc ab * Assfy conta(fe-nser2) Mo, = Asefy (ded) = {ee Hs wae z eal | f°] aa Prt 9 » COMPRESSION STEEL 2 | sy timmy j™] feecoo(t-d) < fy ru | ee knoe! | Teka isha As(fs-O85fc)= Asafy» DRB MAXIMUM STEEL RATIO Puss oan * Posner + IMMEDIATE CHECKING TENSION STEEL WILL YIELD is" Ty pact < Pea E> ty Asuer MINIMUM ONE-WAY SLAB THICK. CANTILEVER t/10 SIMPLY SUPP, U2 ONE END CONT. 1/24 BOTH ENDS CONT. 4/26 fy OTHER THAN 415 on 420 MULTIPLY BY (044 £,/7100) ee 20mm o 40mm 2 4Omm “ RCDeT Pact S pwarte = Fe 20.005 Asner Aswete CS Couxte » OTHER FORMULAS &=0003(4-1) ce Asfe fs=00(#-1) a Tb | P CONCRETE DISP. NOT NEGLECTED 3 CstCo =T As (f5-0.95Fe) + O.85fab = Asfy OMn, = OAs ( f8 -O.85f2)(d-d') C00ds GOOF, > MINIMUM BEND DIAMETERS INSIDE DIAMETER BEND NOT LESS THAN 4d» FOR ¢lGmn AND SMALLER > SPACING LIMITS FOR REINFORCEMENT MINIMUM CLEAR SPACE BETWEEN PARALLEL BARS db BUT NOT LESS THAN 25mm @ CLEAR DISTANCE BETWEEN a TWO LAYERS 2 NOT LESS THAN 25mm ONE-WAY SLAB BAR SPACING Mu*Rn*p*s $4 Ab/pd STRENGTH REQ. $$ Ab/premph MINIMUM AREA REQ. GRADE 275 rane = 0.002 GRADE 415 prone = 0.0018 $43h sah} ADDITIONAL REQ. RCD + 12 &T-BEAM (2010 NSCP) SLAB ON BOTH SIDES bw+ + (swe/2) bes { Been (owtSLAB ON ONE SIDE 2{ Basser as bw + Lo/12 Jee > T-BEAM STRENGTH “P| —] 4-42 Ma = aera Mna= 0.85f¢Aa(d- a/2 é > ULTIMATE SHEAR 2 Vocus = Walle2d) 6 R- wad 2 > NOMINAL SHEAR STRENGTH Vn = Ve + Ns > CONCRETE SHEAR STRENGTH Ver O1A/RE bwd Rec. Ve= QI AVF& (09D) cireuLAR A=LO NORMAL — A=075 LIGHTW. A=O.85 SAND-LIGHTWEIGHT Yewart(14 Me ) ATE bwd DP VERTICAL STIRRUPS Ve = AvFed /s P INCLINED STIRRUPS v= Aviad, (sina + cose) RCD * 14 > STIRRUPS SPACING (2010 NSCP) O33/F5 bed < Vs $ OGGUFE bwd WuS05¢Ve O= 015 sgh s Ach*AREA OF CONCRETE CENTER ply vay aga @ | pprrcn OF SPIRAL RENFORCE. © > AREA OF LONGITUDINAL REINF. $= O.OLAs < Aw < 0.08As De PsDeDP SPIRAL REINF. LIMITS Sun = 25 4dr Smax = 75 4dr P PLASTIC CENTROID LOCATION OF THE RESULTANT LOAD WHEN THE COLUMN IS COMPRESSED UNIFORMLY Rip = IM > INTERICTION ; DIAGRAM, z mtn Ooo fa. 2 FIND e/h AND yh _i+ - > NON-SLENDER COLUMNS NOT BRACED AGAINST SIDESWAY Klu/r £ 22 BRACED AGAINST SIDESWAY Klu ¢ oa-12 Me £40 r 2 Mi/M2 POSITIVE: SINGLE CUR. = > MOMENT MAGNIFICATION B PROCEDURE - NONSWAY 2 Mc= &Ma ‘ -—— 2 > S= (Romp) = 1° USE UNFACTORED LOADS P CRITICAL SECTION FOR BENDING 9 AND FOR SHEAR * d COLUMN, PEDESTAL, 2 BENDING SHEAR CONCRETE WALL PBRESLERS RECIPROCAL EQUATION Aotdydiobt Po Phx Phy = Pe PD ALIGNMENT CHARTS = ZMET/L) coun YS CET/Leean Fest A tad BEAM = ‘eRosS r=lTa/Ms *030H RECT O25) CIRC Klu/r SLENDERNESS RATIO RCO 20 WITHOUT TRANSVERSE LOADS C= 0.6404 (Mi/Mz) 2 OO WITH TRANSVERSE LOADS Cm=1.0 > FLEXURAL_ STIFFNESS (O2EcTs) + Esse ET = =shces/ Ge nse Lt fans O4EcIs FIT Bas RCD* 22 MASONRY WALL 4 COLUMN WITH STEEL BASE cf a PLATE SHEAR MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT 9 ONE-WAY SLABS (2015 NSCP) Aswa#0.0020Ag for Fy <420 z «As =0.0018Ag for Fy=420 Ves (1/6)(1+ 2/8) AVE bed fcroantig” "babi Fy> Ve= (1/12)(2+ agd/be) AVE bed Asmw = 0.0014 Ag B*™ COLUMN vowe 8. / COLUMN guoar s. SPACING = As per BAR/ Moe e240 INTERIOR P TWO-WAY SHEAR (PUNCHING) e280 EDGE = fe} aap /2 “ EFFECTIVE 1g s=20 CORNER ah 2 tra DEPTHS dae | P-PORTION OF REINFORCEMENT 4 PTWO-WAY SHEAR STRENGTH © Tee late a ely PROVIDED BY CONCRETE Ve =a) FE bad B= Lroorate/ Spoor FOOTINGS UNDER VERTICAL LOAD AND BENDING MOMENT OE a tay ee “0 (1+ 5) ®»TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD a coAbipe acta TO PREVENT UPLIFT a PLM ey " one re> Die ‘Zook = Se 8 — _2R_ > 65 D/G R Dox 2 maT BOr) BEB] centro oF A TRaPEZOD 8 lwR wer ihe L (2+ L nay b B x=(D/2)-e (Be Bre a) oie P WORKING STRESS DESIGN PPILE ye FORMULA (WSD) SERVICE LOADS ory +-Osd , Max SAy? ~ SAxt MODULAR RATIO Pi mea + “ie na(Es/Ee) > G > FACTORED SHEAR ON PILES f CONCRETE MODULUS Ec Eom we O.04V42 MPa ‘Sans 2500 Ka/m? Ec= 47100 JF MPa aed Kg/m* (NORMAL) ~ ic = OBE, bse % fa=110NPa IF NOT GIVEN RCD» 40xT (20r1)Aia NA Efe. nas MAasove = MAseuow » CLASSIFICATION Mc>Ms TENSION STEEL UNDER = YIELDS FIRST — REINFOR. Mc ANNUITY “ +i "= iJ. reales) peal > PERPETUITY paA i > CAPITALIZED COST ses OM 4 RC-SV CaPCt "4 ctip-r » INTEREST Fe P(itin) SIMPLE F=P (195) COMPOUND Fs Pet CONTINUOUS » EFFECTIVE RATE ER*(145)"-4 ER= e"-1 3; FOR CONTINUOUS ECON? 1 ECON® 2 » ANNUAL COST > SIMPLE DISCOUNT RATE AC=C(i) . ne AC = FL) +0m + BE=SUL > INFLATION > DEPRECIATION sith eif [edtltay STRAIGHT LINE (LINEAR) > MODIFIED ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY SYSTEM (MACRS) DDB (2/n) 05 aNen 05 t/n)(100%) 2) 1@n)(“.) i[t/o-o5)](%Z) 3) 1(2in)(.) aLt/(n-15)] 4) SINKING FUND (ANNUITY) ¢ SUM-OF-THE YEARS DIGIT (QUAD) DECLINING BALANCE on MATHESONS METHOD (EXPONENTIAL) DOUBLE DECLINING BALANCE i=% ECON» ECON® 4 P BENEFIT COST RATIO (BCR) » PAYBACK PERIOD = PRESENT VALUE OF BENEFIT. pps -FIXED CAPITAL BR TOTAL COST GROSS INCOME 'SNET BENEFIT SUSE SINKING FUND D> RATE OF RETURN (ROR) P STOCKS CAPITAL RAISED i= d/Pe CONSTANT DIVIDEND Ls = +9 WITH GROWTH RATE RoR = ANNUAL NET PROFIT 2 > CAPITAL INVESTED 3 |» EQUAL BONDS g > RECOVERY PERIOD ) ve de 7 Lt =i RP= he> NUMBER OF DIAGONALS De B(n-3) (POLYGONS) >» PARALLELOGRAM Area = $dida sind > RHOMBUS Area © aids » TRAPEZOID be [abe ands EN ba be > CIRCLE INSCRIBED IN A QUADRILATERAL Aayao=rs — Aeun = Vabed > TWO CHORDS RULE ab =ed » TWO SECANTS RULE © AC*AB= AEXAD a? » SECANT- TANGENT RULE AB’= ADxAC > PTOLEMY'S THEOREM did * act bd » CIRCLE CIRCUMSCRIBED ABOUT A QUADRILATERAL R = V{labtedNact bd)(ad+ be) "q Aqui = J(-al(s-bie-eXe-d) 2 atbtetd GEOMETRY > 1 » TANGENT AND CHORD > FRUSTUM OF A PYRAMID vel (B.+B, + /8.B,) P RIGHT CIRCULAR CONE LAs rk b= Stee > FRUSTUM OF A CONE » SPHERICAL SEGMENT > SPHERICAL SECTOR WITH ONE BASE &S veZreR*h = The (4p v2 on xs Va-k bam R zone = 2tRh ry > SPHERICAL SEGMENT =| P ELLIPSOID WITH TWO BASES = (_S V9) abe = BE (3924 3b" +h) SS > TETRAHEDRON vee ave hen [E “a a=40 Me au (Rr Re) Las robe) GEOMETRY ® 2 GEOMETRY * @»LENGTH OF PARABOLIC CABLE Se[fi+ (a) de FORCES IN 3D SPACE F =F (cosOyi + cosByj + 050, k) ron(s) ) er R_ Re Ry. R fe d™ x “'y % CALTECH: Vect A /‘ Abs (ect A) P UNIFORM MOTION 8= P UNIFORM ACCELERATION = vet +O0.5at? Ip = Not at v4" vo'+ Jas, P VARIABLE ACCELERATION SOLUTION BY FORMULA veds/dt a=dv/dt ads=vdv GRAPHICAL SOLUTION USING a-t DIAGRAM AN= CHANGE IN AREA OF a-t DIA. 4,: 2, seas ve'sin’B FOR MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL RANGE USE 6 = 45" P ROTATIONAL MOTION VFrw ar=ror > PERIODIC MOTION T=2m/w PERIOD f=w/2t FREQUENCY PD NEWTONS SECOND LAW F=ma an wr MECHANICS » 3 MECHANICS » i MECHANICS * 5 > MOMENT WIN 3D SPACE M-T*F raxtty} tak F-Pt +Fel *Fek P ANGLE OF LIMITING FRICTION fanoc = F/N = id BELT FRICTION Ltr Ta Ta>Ts us (BANGLE IN RAD. AS* Vot + CHANGE IN MOMENT OF AREA OF THE a~t DIA. WITH RESPECT TO THE POINT IN TIME USING y-t DIAGRAM AS™ CHANGE IN AREA OF v-t DIA. P CURVILINEAR MOTION an? v/R arer= > PROJECTILE Hore yt xtanB - 7 3 Vattar 2 i rey BROAD EMBANKMENT WITHOUT FRICTION tan = v7/gR D COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION IN AN UNBANKED CIRCULAR CURVE u=v'/oR P ENERGY GRAVITATIONAL / POTENTIAL mi ELASTIC POTENTIAL (1/2) kx?KINETIC ENERGY (2) mv? P ENERGY / WORK EQUATION ma(ha-ha) + O.5K (x,2-x,4) + O5m(vi-vs") = +W+ CW) + » MOMENTUM 3 p=mv_— (Kg~ ys) z > IMPULSE i Fat = CHANGE IN MOMENTUM F = IMPULSE/t P CONICAL_ PENDULUM T=anJhig w=Jo/h IN P BOBBING BUCY m Tein hop, »EMBANKED ROAD. WITH FRICTION ei i 9 ute) MECHANICS *9 > 1. > CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM MaVa + maVe = Miva + MVe° | P COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION ~ Pe ek Va Va e=1 PERFECTLY ELASTIC e=0 PERFECTLY PLASTIC P OSCILLATION OF SPRINGS T= 2n/m/K w=tk/m P SIMPLE PENDULUM T=andiis — w=do/t_ + MECHANICS @ 8» DEGREE OF INDETERMINACY DI=U-E » PLANAR CASE DI=R-3-C BEAMS, DI=R+3M-23J-C FRAMES P DOUBLE INTEGRATION. METHOD ELy'=M Ely'=[Mdx +Cs ELy*Sf(Masldx #Cix #C2 P AREA MOMENT METHOD THEOREM 1: sk oa oS: DI-R+M-25 TRUSSES =! > 3D CASE G 1 DI-R-G-C BEAMS Ee, Tee. DI=R+GM-GJ-C FRAMES = tua EA®. 5 AB A 5 DI=R+M-3J TRUSSES a Po, PD SUMMARY OF BEAM LOADINGS CASE 1: CANTILEVER , CONCENTRATED LOAD AT THE FREE END Gexp= PL'/2ET — bexo™ PL*/3ET CASE 2: CANTILEVER, CONCENTRATED ON THE SPAN me a = a) be0= “Cer CASE 3: CANTILEVER, UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD Bano = WLYGET sexo™ ool“/QET CASE 8: FIXED , CONCENTRATED > MOMENT DIAGRAM BY PARTS ft “amy da Si AREA" En | er a STRUCT °4 = rien euith, 8 Anch~pna Cys AREAS Bh iS ® IMPACT FACTOR = be / 2b F ber 1+ 1? oer CASE 4: CANTILEVER, TRIANGULAR LOAD (ZERO AT FREE END) LOAD AT MIDSPAN Oeio= wl*/2HET ‘Senn = wl*/40ET fomo® PL/ 19261 CASE 5: CANTILEVER, MOMENT CASE 9: FIXED, UNIFORMLY LOAD AT THE FREE END DISTRIBUTED LOAD Cew=ML/ET sexo=MLY/2ET in wo = wi4/994ET PTHREE-MOMENT EQUATION _ Mala + 2Mo( Latta) *MeLa + SAME Ghia, , ‘Ds he le cer (tebe) CASE G: SIMPLE, CONCENTRATED * LOAD AT MIDSPAN 8.*On= PLYVIGET bwo= PL?/4GET CASE 7: SIMPLE, UNIFORMLY of DISTRIBUTED LOAD Gx*Bn wL/HET Sem * 5uel"/ RET rte STRUCT * GVALUES OF GAa/L AND GAB/L GAa/L GAB/L the fait a') vt) P MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD MEMBER STIFFNESS FACTOR k=EL (AR END FIXED) co al? JOINT STIFFNESS FACTOR 4 4 oe] ik eee MULLER BRESLAU PRINCIPLE THE INFLUENCE FUNCTION OF A PARTICULAR VARIABLE IS PROPOR- TIONAL TO THE ELASTIC CURVE FUNC. P MOVING LOADS TWO MOVING LOADS P INFLUENCE LINES FOR SIMPLE ,BEAMS —_—_ —— mf CR Raf © Rel 10 10 INF LINE FOR Ra INF. Le FOR fe 7T Vieux OCCURS AT TI 10N : man oN OE HEN THE LARGER LOAD IS 2 Bad a ER THAT S IPPORT. « INF. LINE FOR Vc INF. LINE FOR Me 2 % Pe Mnax = {PL ad Lae P=P,+ Pp > NIRTUAL WORK METHOD (FRAMES) =| Mm =| tae m=MOMENT FUNCTION IN A MEM- MOMENT. FUNCTION INA, M= MO MEMBER DUE TO APPLIED LOADS = P CANTILEVER METHOD THREE OR MORE MOVING LOADS THE BENDING MOMENT UNDER A PARTICULAR LOAD IS A MAXIMUM WHEN THE CENTER OF THE BEAM IS MIDWAY BETWEEN THAT LOAD AND THE RESULTANT OF ALL é THE LOADS THEN ON THE SPAN. VIRTUAL WORK METHOD (TRUSS s=3 ONL Fema THE AXIAL STRESS IN A COLUMN AE be=ZnAL 1S PROPORTIONAL TO ITS DISTANCE T= AXIAL FORCE DUE TO UNIT LOAD FROM THE CENTROID OF ALL CO N= FORCE DUE TO APPLIED LOADS | LUMNS IN A GIVEN STOREY i eT! ‘STRUCT ® 11PORTAL METHOD THE POINT OF INFLECTION OF A MEMBER |S AT ITS CENTER AT ANY GIVEN FLOOR LEVEL, THE | SHEAR ATAN INTERIOR CO- LUMN [IS TWICE THAT OF AN = EXTERIOR COLUMN PSPRING DEFLECTION x & x=B.-bR SL= DEFLECTION DUE TO LOADS __Br= REACTION DEFLECTION > ELLIPSE » RECTANGLE > TRIANGLE T= bh?/3 Le = bhr/12 A=trab P=2n 2b Tye= bh?/12 Tox bh*/96 Tsx= mab?/4 > CIRCLE ap Tes mba’/4 Bogs Ise=Tey= wr'/4 --y g | > HALF ELLIPSE 2 a | > SEMICIRCLE > QUARTER ce yen 4b/Sm Tee mrab*/8 E ye® 4r/ 31 Xe* Ye =4r/ 990 ' Tey=ba?/8 Tex Ol ab? 3 de= Toy wr %8 Te=Ty=ar'/e > QUARTER ELLIPSE = Tex = Olir® Tyx=Tgy=0.055r" xe=4a/3q Ix=mabAG Tg=O055ab* : ue=4b/3m [y= abate Tey=0.055ba* SEISMIC FORCE my 10N Ve Fetb i Te] Fe=0.,07TV<025V | Lx] Fe20 wien TS0.75 1 | Fe=(V-F) why 7 i wih, | 74 a a hi 4 he= HEIGHT ABOVE BASE» AXIAL DEFORMATION PL = of REE p=Hel ( DUE TO OWN WEIGHT ) >» SPHERICAL PRESSURE VESSEL o= BB » THERMAL DEFORMATION o=Eo AT br=aL aT > POLAR MOMENT OF INERTIA I-R ol) I=F(D"-d") 5 HoLuow > POISSON'S RATIO eo LATERAL STRAIN: 4 ONGITUDINAL STRAIN > MODULI RELATIONSHIP sar TEE) > FLEXURAL STRESS fe=Mc/T Fon =GM/bd? (RECT. SEC.) P MOMENT -CURVATURE FORMULA L1sM eo re EI Ee SUPERIMPOSED MEMBERS P= pasps iby, PD WAHL FORMULA (HEAVY COILED) MLPR (Am-1 O06) m Ter oon (aaa STRENGTH © 1 STRENGTH ® 3 ® SHEAR DEFORMATION bye Mk Th iG G P TORSIONAL SHEAR STRESS 5 SOLD Dd 5 HOLLOW » ANGLE OF TWIST 8=TL/JG PHELICAL SPRING SHEAR STRESS 4 GPR Trax nd (14) 2-GPR(). de Toor = AER (1- ) DEFORMATION ‘Tour @ Trax P PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM Tx* Ign + Ad? m= 2Rid _ PSHEAR FLOW STRENGTH » 5 q=VG/T “SIGN SENSITIVE P FLEXURAL SHEAR STRESS fv=VQ/Tb ® SHEAR CONNECTORS $= RI/VaQ MAXIMUM FLEXURAL SHEAR fvmax= 3V/2A TRIANGLE fvmax=4V/3A CIRCLE fumax = 9V/2A RECTANGLE STRENGTH © 2 STRENGTHY STRENGTH © C>» AXIAL DEFORMATION perk b= AE AcEc +AsEs, p-Mak (pue TO OWN WEIGHT) 2AE > SPHERICAL PRESSURE VESSEL o= BP » THERMAL DEFORMATION br=aLAT oO =Ece AT — > POLAR MOMENT OF INERTIA 2 Zo > SOLD J= Epa") 3 HOLLOW » POISSON'S RATIO LATERAL STRAIN 44> SNeITUDINAL STRAIN > MODULI RELATIONSHIP E G= 2(i4u) DP FLEXURAL STRESS fe =Mc/T foux=GM/bd? (RECT. SEC.) > MOMENT - ~ CURVATURE FORMULA > regina MEMBERS Pa™ Pr" Pp: Ips = ie =1i/ps WAHL FORMULA (HEAVY COILED) Tone » MPR. (ck + Ou6) STRENGTH ® L STRENGTH > 3 STRENGTH > 5. » SHEAR DEFORMATION sth toe fe G P TORSIONAL SHEAR STRESS cig ae tox 2 AE 3 SOLID Tras D*=, 5 HOLLOW » ANGLE OF TWIST 8=TL/JG P HELICAL SPRING SHEAR aay T= ng me ae) 44- inn ae ae li-s 4) DEFORMATION y= CAPR Pn Gd" P PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM Tx = Igx + Ad? m= IR/d _ DSHEAR FLOW 4*VG/T “SIGN SENSITIVE EeeN SHEAR STRESS fv=VQ/Ib P SHEAR CONNECTORS $= RI/VQ MAXIMUM FLEXURAL SHEAR fvmux = 3V/2A TRIANGLE fvmax = 4V/3A CIRCLE fvmax = 3V/2A RECTANGLE ‘STRENGTH ©? STRENGTH STRENGTH *C* LINE SEGMENT DIVISION > DISTANCE (PARALLEL LINES) Cs: ea xe Mid aXe de : ate Aaa) veil P ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES » DISTANCE (POINT AND LINE) 5 ae tan = = 3 _ Ant But Plc) cl ae 5 ae + AB a z tn 1+mm, z AntBy ited > CENTROID OF TRIANGLE yemttetns ge teteetee * ORTHOGONAL CIRCLES. on eee Jer 4 got » CONIC SECTIONS r bs = fle =fyldy= Foley rl ECCENTRICITY, €=1 é fous est » PARABOLA 3 ; Paes ACTION g aL oe1 , HYPERBOLA LR=4a P ELLIPSE ds di +da sta cia>b e=c/a>10 d=a/e P EQUILATERAL HYPERBOLA ASYMPTOTES ARE PERPENDICULAR ‘e LR= Bila : > ppc OF ue MULA, e=c/a<10 cr) x" = xcos8 ~ ysin ze 2 e'=c/b ra ar y'= xsind +ycos8 yy Z a 3} > EQUILATERAL HYPERBOLA ASYMP. di-d2 = 2a Kh} TO THE AXES WITH CENTER AT (0,0) cat bt = hotr HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTES SAME SIGN ARC : CIRCLE y= ae AC : ELLIPSE Fm=en, A: y=Ca/Cr care eae men, Per a BI-4AC0 + mapa 2 Axt4 Bay +Cy? + Dx +Ey +F=0) Z See oe NATE yt z AC @ zehO: PARABOLA =~ y=rsing — tand= wx AMD C ARE NOT ZERO PSUBTANGENT AND sr rae | OPPOSITE SIGNS: HYPERBOLA SUBNORMAL —=== = >» TANGENT To A CONIC @ (xs,ys) 1 REPLACE x BY xX 2.REPLACE y? BY 3. REPLACE ; BY tatea)/2 4.REPLACE y BY (ytus)/2 oe SB. REPLACE xu BY (xys+yxs)/2 P POLAR OF A POINT (xe,y-) WITH RESPECT TO THE ELLIPSE b'xX. +a”yye = ab? > DIAMETER OF ELLIPSE BISECTING L CHORDS HAVING ae ax SLOPE m mh ANALYTIC *9> QUADRATIC ROOTS » GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION SUM OF ROOTS: x.+x,=- 2 PRODUCT OF ROOTS: x,x, = £ > BINOMIAL EXPANSION rt’ TERM IN (atb)"= nCm a™™5™ > RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEANS, atm: 2 a | merch s GM*=AM«HM : oe S| PCLOCK-RELATED PROBLEMS = » ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION 3 MINUTE HAND 2 an=am Hom a Xx MINUTES = * HOUR HAND x/12 MINUTES Sn=Fla,tan) OR Spaz Df2a, (o-Nl] > MOTION IN ANY CLOSED CIRCUIT » PERMUTATION SAME DIRECTION Plover) = nPr = gee = Laneur a! He aco OPPOSITE DIRECTION Pe om east + daow = 1 cimcurr 9 Mulia ins! ARE ALINE - » WORK PROBLEMS z Pe(n-1)! CYCLIC PERMUTATION = JOB DONE = RATE * TIME & | > COMBINATION g > NUMBER OF CORNERS OF A PoLY- | cins)=nCr = OL 2 GON GIVEN “L” NO. LINES 4 (n-rf rl L=nC2 LINES, N= 2-1 (THEOREM 5) ___BenC2-n___ DIAGONALS. > NORMAL PROBABILITY a=np a only } BINOMIAL- NORMAL > BINOMIAL PROBABILITY Pls) = nCx p'q”™ GEOMETRIC PROBABILITY 19 Pld hy Rea) Pla) =9°%p a tome P POISSON PROBABILITY | > VARIANCE ‘ ? P(x) = wie & ots 2lxu)?. Sat it 3 x x N : N § P EXPONENTIAL PROBABILITY = anu Plxda) =e Nc fe P INTERQUARTILE RANGE Plxsa)= 1-e# S TQR=Qs-Q;» GROUPED DATA MEDIAN Le+ aie “Cc MODE | fa~Soes i bo te GPa) © CLASS SIZE C=(b-a)+L xm 42405 ALGEBRA * 7 inte > PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES sit cos'B=1 1+ cot*O=csc8 1+ tan'®= sec’@ » CO-FUNCTION IDENTITIES sin(90-8)= cos tan(90-8)= cot 8 cos(90-8) = sin8 > DIFFERENCE OF TWO ANGLES > DOUBLE ANGLE sin(A-B) = sinAcosB ~cosAsinB gin 29 = 2sin8cos8 cos (A-B) = cosAcosB + sinAsinB -p) «tan - tanB tan(A-B)=— + tanAtanB » SUM OF TWO ANGLES sin (A+B)= sinAcosB + cosAsinB cos (A+B) = cosAcosB -sinAsinB TRIGO #2 » AMBIGUOUS CASE (SSA) (0) (a) (2) TRIANGLE | TRIANGLES A>%0° bl] a>b AKO] a1, zero (0) LY A pc > HALF-ANGLE 1-cosA - LtcosA sin4 = 7 cosh = Z As,[ acoso tan | “Teas A > SQUARES sintA= Loags?A cost iF sinB<1., two (2) > VERSINE versA = 1-cosA TRIGO #4 = LecosZA tant 14cos2A> COVERSED SINE covers A = 1-sinA ® HAVERSINE hav A=(¥/2)(1-cosA) >» EXSECANT exsecA= secA~1 > TRIGO FUNCTION FUNCTION PERIOD y=Asin(Blxt)) 2n/B y-Acos(Blxtc)) —- ’2n/B y=Atan(Bixtc)) —1/B P ESCRIBED CIRCLE (EX- CIRCLE) Aa= r(s-a) > AREA OF A SED... TRIANGLE Az 4 at enBant nA P RIGHT, SPHERICAL TRIANGLE c NAPIERS: ce Om RULE 1: SIN-TA-AD RULE 2° SIN-CO-OP > AREA OF SPHERICAL TRIANGLE Aste. 180° > SPHERICAL EXCESS. E= A+B+C- 180° > SPHERICAL DEFECT D=%0°-(at+b+e) » TERRESTRIAL SPHERE UNITS AMIN ARC = 1 NAUT MILE LNAUT MILE = GO8O ft 1 KNOT = 1 NAUT. MPH TRIGO * 5 TRIGO= 9 TRIGO*1 » ALTITUDE GM THEOREM heJab aay > CIRCLE INSCRIBED IN A TRIANGLE (IN-CIRCLE) 6X Aa= Fs E s= atbic “INCENTER » CIRCLE CIRCUMSCRIBING A TRIANGLE (CIRCUM-CIRCLE) (A\) Ay=-tbe. scancumcenter EN) » LAW OF SINE (SPHERICAL) sina . sinb . sinc, sind sinB sinc » LAW OF COSINE FOR SIDES cosa = cosbense + sinbsinc cosA cosb=cosacosc + sinasinc cosB COSC = cosacsb + sinasinb cas * LAW OF COSINE FOR ANGLES cosA=~cosBeosC + sinBsinC cosa cosB = -cosAcosC + sinAsinC cosb cosC = -casAcosB + sinAsinBeosc TRIGO>G TRIGO > 8> v » » INVERSE RIGO FUNCTION pe ercsinu) = & (wecos) =- les HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS ae (sinh u) = cosh a a s (cosh u) = sinhw a £ (tanh u) = sechte s 2 (csch u) = -csehu cothu # 2 (sech u) =-sechu tanhu ge 2 (coth u) =~cschtu a POLAR CURVES dy , (Gr/db) sin + reos8 dx (dr/d6)cos6 - rsinB P RATE OF CHANGE OF SLOPE y" y">O CONCAVE UPWARD y"< 0 CONCAVE DOWNWARD POINTS. OF INFLECTION y=0 FOR A GIVEN PERIMETER, AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE WILL MAXIMIZE THE TRIANGULAR AREA DIF CALC® 1 DIF CALC*3 DIF CALC *5, > LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS > EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS a (a") = "Ina du 4. (et) =e! du Z (W)=y sm #3 sinhx= = * cosh = £3 = sinh s_1 tanhx hx cobhx Tana > CURVATURE a —h__ "Tyr? > RADUS OF CURVATURE pak Ete » MAXIMUM RECTANGULAR AREA IN AN ELLIPSE A= 2ab MAXIMUM AREA OF A NORMAN il OF GIVEN. PERIMETER xy r=x/2 als MINIMUM LENGTH OF WIRE Zed 4 g a atb 2 P ORDER: HIGHEST DERIVATIVE DEGREE: EXPONENT OF THE HIGHEST DERIVATIVE DIF CALC * 2 DIF CALC» 4 DIF CALC *G> INTEGRATION P TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION Jtanudu = In secu +C au? use ut asin® Seotudu = Insinu +C attu’ USE w=atand Jsecudu® Unlsecu+ tanu| + uta" USE u=asecO Jescudu = eas 4 a} > WALUS ra s-t2ens a Jtan’xdx* O5tan*x-In|secxl+C 4 a Im-3)...(208 1) » , OBsecatang ¢ Zz » tr-INin-33- ond) 5 Ico d O5in Isecr#tanxt 4C E {us con d® = (m+n)(m4n-2.. Loin)intn2) Caen)" B INTEGRATION BY PARTS o1/2 BOTH m AND n ARE EVEN Judy = uv-fvdu oc=1 IF OTHERWISE LIPET for choosing uw > POLAR CURVE AREA P VOLUME OF SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION ot df" 149 CIRCULAR DISK METHOD = 4» nae OF A. CURVE Ve fe Cot- x) dy fay CYLINDRICAL SHELL METHOD s-] fia JF dx Ve Onn}, tel uerue) dx D SURFACE AREA OF REVOLUTION As= an [rds = dy)? ds= Ji+{S4) dx »LeNcTH OF A POLAR CURVE 2 dr z sf anes da INTEGRAL 3 INTEGRAL 4 — were OF PAPPUS > POLAR CURVE CENTROD FAUT a(? 2 2 PueNcTH OF A Paraweraic cue | In preset Pa Lf ea GF 0 Ase«[*2 rsinddA YX P MOMENTS OF INERTIA > CENTROIDS BY INTEGRATION ABOUT THE x-AXIS , Ix LOCATION FROM THE y-AXiS USING HORIZONTAL STRIP Ta= fat atan = Ja wilte-nudds Au 05!" (xe x2)dy Te=(/2) Jes (wa wi USING VERTICAL STRIP ABOUT THE y-AXiS, Iv 16 * fx (yur) dx Is = (1/3) 8 (xa xo) dy INTEGRAL* 5 INTEGRAL*G= | | |) Tes Gextda =frex®( yay dx P POLAR MOMENT OF INERTIA J=Ix+Iy =fr2dA | P PRODUCT OF INERTIA | Tw =JaudA P TRANSFER FORMULA T= Ie + Ad? INTEGRAL * 3