Chemistry Notes 12th

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST AFFECTIONATE AND THE MERCIFUL
F.Sc
2nd Year
CHEMISTRY
IMPORTANT MCQ’s, SHORT AND LONG QUESTIONS
Prepared by:
Prof. Jahfar Hussain Manais
Phone#0301-7262220
Important Features
❖ MCQ’S with solutions from exercises of PTBB.

❖ Chapter wise MCQ’S with solutions from past papers of Punjab Board.
❖ Short Questions of exercises and past papers of Punjab Board.
❖ Long Questions of exercises and past papers of Punjab Board.
PUNJAB GROUP OF COLLEGES

ARIFWALA CAMPUS
ARIFWALA CAMPUS
CHAPTER 1
PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY
MULTIPUL CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Which one is ionic hydride?
A) NaH B) AlH3 C) NH3 D) CH4
2. Hydrogen resembles in properties with groups:
A) I-A, V-A, VII-A elements B) I-A, IV-A, VII-A elements
C) I-A, III-A, V-A elements D) I-A, II-A elements
3. Zinc oxides are an example of:
A) Neutral B) amphoteric C) acidic D) basic
4. Which is the longest period of periodic table?
A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7
5. Which oxide is amphoteric in nature?
A) Al2O3 B) Cl2O7 C) MgO D) SO3
6. Keeping in view the size of atoms, which order is the correct one?
A) Mg>Sr B) Ba>Mg C) Lu>Ce D) Cl>I
7. The concept on atomic number was introduced by:
A) Alrazi B) Mendeleev C) Moseley D) Dobereiner
8. Keeping in view the size of atoms, which order is correct?
A) N>P B) Br>1 C) Ca>Be D) Mg>Sr
9. The oxides of Beryllium are:
A) Acidic B) Basic C) Amphoteric D) None of these
10. Which statement is incorrect?
A) All the metals are good conductor of electricity B) All the metals are good conductor of heat
C) All the metals form positive ions D) All the metals form acidic oxide
11. Transition elements in 4th period are:
A) 18 B) 10 C) 8 D) 6
12. The intermediate Hydride is:
A) CsH B) ZnH2 C) BH D) HF
13. The decrease in atomic sizes is not much prominent across rows containing elements of:
A) s-Block B) p-Block C) d-Block D) f-Block
14. How many elements are present in 5th period of the periodic table?
A) 32 B) 8 C) 18 D) 28
15. Which of the following element has lowest melting point?
A) Beryllium B) Magnesium C) Calcium D) Barium
16. Which of the following elements has lowest ionization energy?
A) Beryllium B) Boron C) Carbon D) Oxygen
17. Coinage metals are present in the periodic table in group:
A) I-A B) I-B C) II-A D) II-B
18. The basic of modern periodic law is:
A) Electron affinity B) Atomic mass C) Ionization energy D) Atomic number
19. Smaller the size of an ion:
A) Lesser in the degree of hydrogen B) Lesser in the polarizing power
C) Greater in the electron affinity D) Greater in the energy of hydrogen
20. Mark the correct statement:
A) Cl is the smaller than Cl atom B) Cl- (ion) and Cl (atom) are equal in size
+
C) Na is smaller than Na atom D) Na+ is larger than Na atom
21. Keeping in view the size of atoms, which order is the correct one:
A) Mg>Se B) Ba>Mg C) Li>Na D) Cl>1
22.In the Mendeleev’s periodic law the properties of elements are periodic function of their:
A) Volume B) Densities C) Atomic number D) Atomic masses
23. The number of groups present in modern periodic table is:
A) 8 B) 7 C) 6 D) 5
24. Which of the following metal gives an amphoteric oxide?
A) Ca B) Fe C) Cu D) Zn
25. The oxides of non-metals are:
A) Acidic B) amphoteric C) basic D) neutral
26. Choose the correct statement:
A) Metallic character increase down the group B) Metallic character decrease down the group
C) Does not change D) First increase than decrease
27. Which of the following statement is correct?
A) Na atom is smaller than Na+ B) Na atom is larger than K atom
-
C) F atom is smaller than F D) F atom is larger than F-
28. The basic of modern periodic table is:
A) Electron affinity B) Atomic mass C) Ionization energy D) Atomic number
29. Which one is amphoteric oxide?
A) SO3 B) CaO C) ZnO D) Li2O
30.6th period contains the number of elements:
A) 18 B) 32 C) 8 D) 10
31. Which one of the following elements forms weakly acidic oxide?
A) Aluminum B) Phosphorous C) Sulphur D) Chlorine
32. The element which forms amphoteric oxide is:
A) Beryllium B) Sodium C) Magnesium D) Calcium
33. Among the elements of VA group which has highest ionization energy:
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A) Nitrogen B) Phosphorus C) Antimony D) Bismith
34. Which of the following form amphoteric oxide:
A) Na B) Mg C) O D) Zn
35. The hydrides of group I-A are:
A) Ionic B) Covalent C) Metallic D) Interstitial
36. Aluminum oxide is:
A) Acidic oxide B) Basic oxide C) Amphoteric oxide D) None of these
37. Which of the element gives acidic oxide?
A) N B) As C) Sb D) Bi
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Ionic radii of negative ion are always bigger in size than its parent atom. Why?
2. The ionic radius of positive ion is smaller than its parent atom. Give reason.
3. Why the oxidation state of noble gases is usually zero?
4. Why metallic character increases from top to bottom in a group of metals?
5. The oxidation states vary in a period, but remain almost constant in a group. Give reason.
6. Why 1st electron affinity is negative and 2nd is positive?
7. What is lanthanide contraction?
8. Prove with chemical reactions that ZnO behaves as amphoteric oxide.
9. How does hydrogen resemble with the element of group IV-A?
10. Why the second value of electron affinity of an element is usually shown with a positive sign.
11. Define electron affinity. Give its trend in periodic table.
12. Discuss the trend of ionization energy in periodic table.
13. Give two defect of Mendeleev’s periodic table.
14. Write any two resemblances of Hydrogen with Alkali Metals.
15. Why diamond is a non-conductor and graphite is fairly a good conductor?
16. Why the ionization energies decrease down the groups?
17. Zn, Cd, Hg were placed with alkaline earth metals in Mendeleev’s table. How this confusion is removed in the Modem
Periodic Table?
17. Write name and symbol of an element from p-block that zero oxidation state. Also write its electronic configuration.
18. Why melting and boiling points of elements belonging to groups VA-VIIA are lower?
19. Define metalloid.
20. Define modern periodic table.
21. Why do metals conduct electricity?
22. Hydrogen can be placed over elements of VIIA group. Justify.
23. Write a note on blocks in periodic table.
24. Write a brief account of oxides of s-block elements.
25. Justify that carbon and hydrogen are both reducing agents.
26. State Mendeleev’s periodic law. What improvements were made in Mendeleev’s periodic table?
27. How the classifications of elements in different blocks help in understanding their chemistry?
28. Electrical conductance of metals in group IA generally increases from top to bottom. Explain.
29. Describe 7th periodic of modern periodic table.
30. How do you justify the position of hydrogen at the top of group I-A of periodic table? Write at least four points.
31. Ionization energy increases from left to right in a period. Justify the statement.
32. d and f block elements are called transition elements. Give reasons.
33. In what respects does hydrogen differ from halogens? Write down two dissimilarities.
34. The first electron affinity of oxygen in negative, but the second in positive. Why?
35. What are Ionic Hydrides? Give Example.
36. Ionization energy of Al3+ is greater than Mg3+. Give the reason.
38. Write two properties of covalent hydrides.
39. Melting points of Group VIIA elements increase down the group. Why?
40. Why the ionic character of halides decreases from left to the right in periods.
41. Name various classes of hydrides.
42. M.P and B.P of short periods increases up to middle of period and then decreases. Why?
43. How melting and boiling points varied in a period?
44. Give reason that Hydration energy of Al3+ ions is more that M2+ ions.
45. Define hydration energy. How it varies in group in periodic table?
46. Explain basic character of oxides increase down the group.
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Describe the position of Hydrogen over IV-A group.
2. Discuss the position of Hydrogen over I-A, and VII-A.
3. Define Hydration energy. Give example. Explain its trend in periodic table.
4. What are halides, classify them? Give their types and properties.
5. Define hydrides, give their classification and properties.
6. Define Oxides, give their classification and properties.
7. What are improvements made in Menelaus periodic table?
8. What is Ionization energy? Discuses factors affecting the ionization energy.
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CHAPTER 2
S-BLOCK ELEMENTS
1. Which one of the following does not belong to alkaline earth metals?
A) Be B) Ra C) Ba D) Rn
2. Which is the least reactive of all alkali metal?
A) Li B) Na C) K D) Cs
3. Elements of group I A are called:
A) Alkali metals B) Metalloids C) Alkaline metals D) Coinage metals
4. The ore CaSO4.2H2O has the general name:
A) Gypsum B) Dolomite C) Calcite D) Epsom salt
5. Plaster of Paris can be obtained from:
A) Marble B) Bauxite C) Gypsum D) Lime water
6. CaCl2 is added to NaCl in Down’s cell to:
A) Decrease solubility B) Decrease dissociation
C) Decrease melting point D) Decrease conductivity
7. LiNO3decomposes to give products:
A) Li2O + NO2 + O2 B) Li2O + NO + O2 C) Li2O + NO2 D) Li2O2 + NO2 + O2
8. Oxides of beryllium are:
A) Acidic B) Basic C) Amphoteric D) Neutral
9. Down’s cell is used to prepare:
A) Sodium metal B) Sodium bicarbonate C) Sodium carbonate D) Sodium hydroxide
10. Which one of the following elements can from super oxide?
A) Li B) Be C) K D) Mg
11. Carnalite is the mineral of:
A) Be B) Na C) Mg D) Ca
12. The elements that forms amphoteric oxide:
A) Li B) Be C) C D) N
13. Chile salt petre has the chemical formula:
A) NaNO3 B) KNO3 C) Na2B4O7 D) Na2CO3.H2O
14. Which is not an alkali metal?
A) Francium B) Cesium C) Rubidium D) Radium
15. Which of the following sulphates is not soluble in water?
A) Sodium Sulphate B) Potassium Sulphate C) Ammonium Sulphate D) Barium Sulphate
16. Which element is deposited at cathode during electrolysis of brine?
A) Na B) O2 C) Cl2 D) H2
17. Which of the following elements form acidic oxide only?
A) Cd B) Al C) Sn D) Br
18. Amphoteric oxide is formed by:
A) Ca B) Fe C) Zn D) Cu
19. Which of the following gas will turn lime water milky?
A) Cl2 B) NO2 C) CO D) CO2
20. The milk of magnesia is used for the treatment of:
A) Basicity B) Rancidity C) Acidity D) Jaundice
21. Elements of group II-A are called:
A) Coinage Metals B) Alkali Metals
C) Metalloids D) Alkaline Earth Metals
22. The word Alkali is derived from which language:
A) Arabic B) Greek C) French D) German
23. Nelson’s cell is used to prepare:
A) NaOH B) N2CO3 C) Na metal D) NaCl
24. Which ion will have the maximum value of heat of hydration?
A) Na+ B) Cs+ C) Ba+2 D) Mg+2
25. Point out the element which forms supper oxide:
A) Li B) Na C) K D) C
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Why lime water turns milky with CO2 but becomes clear with excess CO2?
2. Why aqueous solution of Na2CO3 is alkaline in nature.
3. Solution of Na2O in water is alkaline. Justify the statement.
4. Give advantages of Down’s cell.
5. Write the advantages of Nelson’s cell.
6. Why lime is added to acidic soil.
7. Justify that BeO is an amphoteric oxide, show with two suitable examples.(Give reactions of BeO with NaOH and H2SO4
8. How plaster of Paris is formed. Give its two uses?(How Gypsum is converted into Plaster of Paris?)
9. Why is milk of Magnesia and for which treatment it used?
10. How Portland cement is made? Why Gypsum is added in the cement? (2% gypsum is added in the cement. Justify.)
11. Why is CaCl2 added in molten NaCl in Down’s cell.
12. Give two uses of lime industry.
13. What is the role of Gypsum in Agriculture?
14. Mention two major problems that may arise in Nelson’s cell.
15. How lime mortar is prepared. Explain with chemical equation.
16. Give reason that alkali metals are strong reducing agents.
17. Why group II-A elements are called Alkaline Earth Metals.
18. What is the function of calcium in plant growth? (Why calcium is essential for the normal growth of plants?)
19. What is the action of litmus with aqueous solution of Na2CO3?
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20. Alkali and alkaline earth metals are reactive elements of periodic table. Justify it.
21. What is a lime mortar and what changes occur when it hardens during hydrolysis.
22. Write a brief note on the occurrence of alkaline earth metals?
23. How chlorine, produced in Diaphragm cell, is protected to react with hydroxide ions?
24. What happened when (a) Lithium carbonate is heated (b) Beryllium is treated with sodium hydroxide.
25. Lithium is least reactive element of all alkali metals. Give reasons.
26. What happens when Lithium nitrate is heated up and Sodium Nitrate is heated up?
27. Write any two points if difference of Be with its family members?
28. What happens when (a) Li2CO3 (b) Na2CO3 is heated
29. What happens when CaC2 is hydrolyzed?
30. What happen when beryllium reacts with sodium hydroxide and lithium hydride reacts with water?
31. When sodium reacts with water, Hydrogen which evolves catches fire, why?
32. Complete the reactions (a) Mg3N2 + H2O → ? (b) KO2 + CO2→ ?
33. Give the name and formula for common minerals of Be.
34. Write chemical formula of
➢ Carnallite
➢ Borax
➢ Natron
➢ Dolomite
➢ Halite..
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Describe the commercial preparation of sodium by down cell.
2. Describe commercial preparation of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) by diaphragm cell.
3. Give Peculiar Behave of Be form other family members.
4. Give Peculiar Behave of Li form other family members.
5. Discuss the role of gypsum in Agriculture.
6. Discuss the role of gypsum in Industry.
7. Describe eight points to discuss role of lime in Industry.
8. Describe eight points to discuss role of lime in agriculture.
4
CHAPTER 3
GROUP IIIA AND GROUP IVA ELEMENTS
1. Following is used in making fire proof clothes:
A) Water glass B) Borax glass C) Kaolin D) Asbestos
2. Tincal is a mineral of:
A) Aluminum B) Borax C) Silicon D) Carbon
3. Kaolin is mineral of:
A) Aluminium B) Magnesium C) Calcium D) Barium
4. Ordinary glass is:
A) Potassium Silicate B) Calcium Silicate
C) Sodium Silicate D) Calcium and Sodium Silicate
5. Aluminum oxide is:
A) Amphoteric B) Basic C) Acidic D) Neutral
6. The aqueous solution of borax is:
A) Acidic B) Basic C) Neutral D) Corrosive
7. In Borax bead test, colour of cupric borates are:
A) Blue B) Red C) Green D) Colourless
8. Which elements form an ion with charge +3:
A) Be B) Al C) C D) Si
9. Elements having less than four electrons in its valence shell but it is not a metal:
A) B B) Al C) Ga D) In
10. Boric acid cannot be used:
A) An antiseptic in medicine B) For washing eyes
C) In Soda bottles D) For enamels and glazes
11. Valence shell electronic configuration of the elements of group III-A is:
A) ns1 , np2 B) ns2 , np3 C) ns0 , np3 D) ns2 , np1
12. Which metal is used in the thermite process because of its activity?
A) Iron B) Copper C) Aluminum D) Zinc
13. The chief ore of aluminum (Al) is:
A) Na3AlF6 B) Al2O3.2H2O C) Al2O3 D) Al2O3.H2O
14. Which of the following do not form oxide of Nitrogen on heating?
A) LiNO3 B) NaNO3 C) Ca(NO3)2 D) Mg(NO3)2
15. If temperature dropped from 100oC to 0oC, the viscosity of petroleum oil may:
A) Increase four times B) Decrease four times C) Increase 100 times D) Decrease 100times
16. Which element forms an ion with charge 3+:
A) Be B) Al C) Si D) C
17. The stable yellow modification of Lead chromate is:
A) Triclinic B) Hexagonal C) Tetragonal D) Monoclinic
18. Which of the following is non-metal?
A) B B) Al C) Ga D) In
19. Which metal is used in the flash light photography because of its activity?
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. CO2 is a gas while SiO2 is solid at room temperature. Justify.
2. What is meant by chemical garden? (Describe composition and use of chemical garden.).
3. Why 2% gypsum is added in cement?
4. Discuss chemistry of borax bead test.
5. Write four uses of Sodium Silicate.
6. What are silicones? Give two uses.
7. Write any four uses of borax.
8. Enlist any four uses of aluminum.
9. Discuss use of PbCrO4 in paints?
10. Give the use of Talc soap stone.
11. What is asbestos? Give its two uses.
12. Give uses of Lead Suboxide.
13. Why liquid silicones are preferred over organic lubricants?
14. What is reaction of heat on orthoboric acid, H3BO3?
15. Aqueous solution of borax is alkaline in nature. Justify the statement.
16. How is Borax converted into boric acid vice versa(Boric acid can be converted to borax and vice versa. Give reactions.)
17. What is the action of an aqueous solution of Borax on litmus?
18. Give reactions of Aluminum with dilute and concentrated H2SO4.
19. Write lead is not a good pigment. Give reason.
20. What is effect of temperature on semiconductor?
21. How will you prepare Borax from “Colemanite” and “Boric acid”?
22. Borate glazes are better than silicate glazes. Explain.
23. Show that H3BO3 is monobasic acid.
24. How Al finds its uses in metallurgy and photoflash bulbs?
25. Alumunium is found free in nature. Comment the statement?
26. Write any two properties of boron which show peculiar behavior? (Boron differs from its family members. Discuss.)
27. In which way Al becomes water soluble by using NaOH?
28. Write the names and chemical formulas of four boric acids.
29. How does Aluminium react with (a) NaOH (b) H2SO4 (c) HNO3
30. Write short note on white lead and lead chromate?
31. State procedure by which surface of stoneware is made less porous?
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32. Under what conditions aluminium corrodes?
33. Aluminium sheets are said to be corrosion free. Comment?
34. How borax is commercially prepared? Give two methods of preparation.
35. What is the effect of temperature at 340oC and 470oC when red lead is heated?
36. How weathering of potassium feldspar takes place? Give chemical equation also?
37. How Aluminium reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide?
38. How semiconductors are used in transistors?
39. What happens when borax is heated with NH4Cl?
40. What happens when borax Is treated with HCl and H2SO4 separately?
41. Which elements and compounds can act as semiconductors?
42. Write down the structure of CO and CO2?
43. How does orthoboric reacts with (i) Ethanol (ii) Sodium carbonate?
44. Why Boric acid cannot be titrated by NaOH?
45. How clay Articles are glazed.
46. How does H3BO3 act as an acid?
47. How lime and sand are used to make glass?
48. Give formulas of following
➢ Tibcal
➢ Mica,
➢ Tincal
➢ orthoboric acid
➢ colemanite
➢ Cryolite
➢ Borax
➢ Chile saltpeter
➢ Talc soap stone.
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CHAPTER 4
GROUP V A AND GROUP VI A ELEMENTS
1. among group V a elements, the most electronegative is:
A) Sb B) N C) P D) As
2. Which of the following is a reddish brown gas, when metal reduces HNO 3:
A) N2O B) NO C) N2O5 D) NO2
3. The brown gas formed when metal reduces HNO3 is:
A) N2O5 B) N2O3 C) NO2 D) NO
4. Oxidation of NO in air produces:
A) NO2 B) N2O3 C) N2O4 D) N2O5
5. Which catalyst is used in contact process for manufacture of H2SO4?
A) Fe2O3 B) V2O5 C) Al2O3 D) MnO2
6. The formula of laughing gas is:
A) NO B) N2O3 C) N2O4 D) N2O
7. Out of all the elements of group VI-A the highest melting and boiling points is shown by the elements:
A) Te B) Se C) S D) Pb
8. NO2 is called:
A) Nitrogen peroxide B) Nitrous oxide C) Nitric oxide D) Nitric anhydride
9. The most reactive allotropic form of phosphorus is:
A) White B) Red C) Black D) None of these
10. If N2O is exposed to a person it causes disease:
A) Cancer B) Sleeping sickness C) Hysterical laughter D) Tumor
11. Which of the following species has the maximum number of unpaired electrons?
+ −
A) O2 B) O2 C) O2 D) O2−2
12. The most metallic element from the following is:
A) Nitrogen B) Oxygen C) Antimony D) Bismuth
13. A gas which burns with blue flame is:
A) CO2 B) NO C) CO D) N2
14. Chile saltpeter has chemical formula:
A) NaNO3 B) KNO2 C) Na2B4O7 D) Na2CO3.H2O
15. Which one acts as catalyst in contact process?
A) Fe2O3 B) V2O5 C) SO3 D) Ag2O
16. Which of the following elements is not present abundantly in each crust?
A) Calcium B) Sodium C) Phosphorous D) Nitrogen
17. Point of the element whose inorganic minerals are not much abundant in earth crust:
A) Li B) N C) Na D) O
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is aqua-regia? How aqua regia dissolved gold and platinum?
2. Why SO3 is dissolved in H2SO4 and not in water?
3. Write any four use of nitric acid.
4. Write any four important uses of H2SO4.
5. Justify that H2SO4 is a king of chemicals.
6. Describe “Ring test” for confirmation of presence of nitrate ions in solution.
7. P2O5 is a powerful dehydrating agent. Give two examples.
8. Write two reactions in which sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent.
9. NO2 is strong oxidizing agent. Prove with help of two chemical reactions? (Justify that NO2 acts as an oxidizing agent.)
10. Write two properties of HNO3 in which it acts as an oxidizing agent?(How Does HNO 3 act as an oxidizing agent.)
11. How sulphuric acid as an oxidizing agent?
12. How does nitrogen differ from other element of its group? Give four points.
13. Write two dissimilarities and two similarities between oxygen and sulphur.
14. Write reactions of two metals which evolve hydrogen upon reaction with HNO3.
15. Give the reaction of HNO3 with carbon and sulphur.
16. How does dilute Nitric acid HNO3 react with Mn and Zinc?
17. Give reactions of Cu with dil. HNO3 and conc. HNO3.
18. How does P2O5 react with water in cold and & state?
19. What happen when NO2 is dissolved in water?
20. “N2O supports combustion” Give two reactions in favour of the statement.
21. Name three allotropic forms of phosphorous.
22. State the principal of contact process for manufacture of sulphuric acid.
23. How do member of group VI-A( except oxygen) show +4 and +6 oxidation state?
24. Phosphoric acid is a weak tribasic acid; give its 3 reaction of different salts.
25. Complete the following reactions: (a) HNO3 conc. + H2S (b) HNO3 conc. + HI
26. Write balanced equation for reactions of HNO3 with: (a) HI (b) Co(NH2)2
27. Nitrous acid decolorizes acidified KMnO4 and bromine water. Give reactions,
28. Write structure of N2O and NO2.
29. Write the chemical reaction which takes place in contact chamber?
30. How HNO3 can be prepared in the laboratory?
31. What are the optimum conditions for the manufacture of H2SO4 in the contact process?
32. Why Nitrogen is chemically inert at room temperature?
33. Why Dinitrogen Oxide is called “laughing gas”?
34. Give molecular structure of red phosphorous. How it is prepared form white phosphorous?
35. Why the elements of group VI-A other than oxygen show more than two oxidation states?
36. Write names and formulas of oxyacids of nitrogen?
37. How phosphorus forms PCl3 and PCl5?
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38. In what respects, carbon behaves differently from other members of group IV-A?
39. How H3PO4 is prepared on large scale?
40. Give name and formulas of Oxyacids of phosphorous.
8
CHAPTER 5
HALOGENS AND THE NOBLE GASES
1. The element which causes burn to skin that heels slowly:
A) F2 B) Cl2 C) Br2 D) Acidic
2. Which of the following noble gas is used in bactericidal lamps?
A) Ne B) Ar C) Kr D) Xe
3. Which of the following statement is correct?
A) Bond energy of F2 is less than Cl2 B) Bond energy of F2 is less than l2
C) Bond energy of Cl2 is less than F2 D) Bond energy of Cl2 is less than 2
4. Bleaching powder may be produced, by passing chlorine over:
A) Calcium Carbonate B) Hydrated calcium sulphate
C) Anhydrous calcium sulphate D) Calcium Hydroxide
5. Which halogen acid is the weakest acid in its solution from H2O?
A) HF B) HCl C) HBr D) HI
6. Polymeric halides are formed by the elements:
A) More electropositive B) Less electropositive C) More electronegative D) Less electronegative
7. Iodine penta oxide (I2O5) is used for the quantitative analyses of:
A) I2 B) CO C) CO2 D) H2O
8. Which halogen occurs naturally in a positive oxidation state?
A) Fluorine B) Chlorine C) Bromine D) Iodine
9. ClO2reacts with H2O to form:
A) HClO B) HClO3 C) HClO4 D) Cl2 and O2
10. Bond angle in OF2 is:
A) 180o B) 120o C) 107o D) 105o
11. The halogen which occurs naturally in a positive oxidation state:
A) F B) Cl C) Br D) I
12. Hydrogen bond is the stronger between the molecules of:
A) HF B) HCl C) HBr D) Hl
13. Which of the following hydrogen halide is the weakest acid in solution?
14. The halogen that does not form oxyacids is:
15. Which halogen is used as an insecticide?
A) Br2 B) I2 C) Cl2 D) F2
16. Which halogen will react spontaneously with Au(s) to produce Au3+:
A) F2 B) Cl2 C) Br2 D) l2
17. The anhydride of HClO4 is:
A) ClO3 B) ClO C) Cl2O5 D) Cl2O7
18. Which of the following is the strongest acid in solution?
19. Which of the following stronger acid:
A) HI B) HCl C) HBr D) HF
20. Out of elements of group VII-A, the highest melting and boiling points is shown by element:
A) F2 B) l2 C) Cl2 D) Br2
21. Which one of halogens is a liquid?
A) F2 B) Cl2 C) Br2 D) l2
22. The radius of F ion is:
A) 72pm B) 136pm C) 99pm D) 181pm
23. Hydrogen bond is the stronger between the molecules of:
A) HI B) HBr C) HF D) HCl
24. In nuclear reactor, the cooling medium is provided by:
A) Helium B) Neon C) Xenon D) Radon
25. Which halogen occurs naturally in a positive oxidation state?
26. Which of the following noble gas is used for are welding and cutting:
A) Helium B) Argon C) Xenon D) Radon
27. Which one is perchloricacid?
A) HClO B) HClO3 C) HClO2 D) HClO4
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What are the commercial uses of halogens and their compounds? (Write four uses of halogen)
2. What are Freons? Give their uses.
3. What is Teflon? Give two uses.
4. Why iodine has metallic luster?
5. What is iodide salt?
6. How Halogen acids are ionized in water.
7. Why HF is a weaker acid than other halogen acid. (HF is a weak acid while HCl is strong acid. Give reason.)
8. What are the major applications of Neon? (Write any four applications of noble gases.)
9. Write any two uses of krypton.(Write any four applications of noble gases.)
10. Write down the applications of helium.
11. Write down reaction of chlorine with cold & hot NaOH. (Write the reaction of NaOH with Cl2 in cold state.)
12. Discuss “Disproportionation reaction” with an example?
13. Give uses of Iodine.
14. What are noble gases? Why are they inert? (The elements of group VIII-A are called noble gases. Comment.)
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15. Write Chemical reactions of bleaching powder (CaOCl 2) with HCl and NH3.(What is meant by available chlorine?)
16. What is bleaching powder? Write Down its four uses.
17. What is peculiar behavior of Fluorine?
18. What is Halothane? Give its formula and its uses.
19. Halogens are strong oxidizing agents. Justify.
20. Arrange following oxyacids in increasing order of acid strength and oxidizing power; HClO 4>HClO2>HClO
21. Give one method of preparation and one use of I2O5.
22. Compare halogen acids in their reducing properties.
23. How bleaching power reacts with Ammonia and excess of H2SO4?
24. HXO4 is strongest oxyacid. Explain.
25. Why fluorine acts as a strong oxidizing agent? (Why oxidizing power of F2 is higher than other halogens?)
26. How bleaching power is prepared by Hasenclever’s method?
27. Describe factor of acidic strength of oxyacids of halogens.
28. Write four properties of hydrogen fluoride.
29. On what factors oxidizing power of halogens depends upon.
30. Write formulas of two Oxides of Bromine.
31. Give the names of formulas of oxyacids of chlorine.
32. Why the lattice energy of Fluorides is greater than chlorides?
10
CHAPTER 6
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
1. One of the following properties of transition elements does not vary with a regular pattern. Indicate that:
A) Binding energy B) Melting point C) Covalent radius D) All of them
2. Percentage of carbon in steel is:
A) 0.25 to 2.5% B) 0.12 to 20% C) 3.00 to 4.5% D) 2.0 to 4.5%
3. The coordination number of Cu in [Cu(NH3)4]SO4:
A) Zero B) Two C) Four D) Six
4. The color of transition metal complexes is due to:
A) d-d transitions of elements B) Paramagnetic nature of transition elements
C) Ionization D) Loss of s-electrons
5. Which is transition element?
A) Ba B) Na C) Ra D) Co
6. The strength of binding energy of transition elements depends upon:
A) Number of electron pairs B) Number of unpaired electrons
C) Number of neutrons D) Number of protons
7. The chemical formula of chromyl chloride is:
A) CrCl2 B) CrO2Cl2 C) CrO2Cl3 D) Cr2O3Cl2
8. Which of the following is a non-typical transition element?
A) Cr B) Mn C) Zn D) Fe
9. Coordination number of ‘Fe’ in K4[Fe(CN)6]:
A) 6 B) 4 C) 3 D) 2
10. Coordination number of ‘Pt’ in [PtCl(NO2) (NH3)4]2+:
A) 2- B) 4 C) 1 D) 6
11. Group VI-A of transition element contains:
A) Zn, Cd, Hg B) Cr, Mo, W C) Mg, Co, V D) Zn, Fe, W
12. Typical transition element is:
A) Sc B) Co C) Ra D) Y
13. Which of the following has greatest number of unpaired electrons?
A) Fe B) Fe+2 C) Mn+2 D) Cr+2
14. Which one shows paramagnetic behavior?
A) Fe3+ B) Zn2+ C) Cd2+ D) Sc3+
15. Total number of d-block elements (transition metals) is:
A) 10 B) 20 C) 30 D) 40
16. The strength of binding energy of transition elements depends upon:
A) Number of electron pairs B) Number of unpaired electrons
C) Number of neutrons D) Number of protons
17. Which element form an ion with charge +3:
A) Chromium B) Copper C) Lead D) Zinc
18. Mild steel contains carbon percentage:
A) 0.1 – 0.2% B) 0.3– 0.7% C) 0.7–1.5% D) 1.6–2.0%
19. Which set of hybrid orbital’s produces octahedral geometry?
A) dsp3 B) sp3d2 C) dsp2 D) sp3
20. Which metal is used in thermite process?
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Describe are Chelates. (What are Chelates? Give an example.)
2. Define Coordination number and coordination Sphere. Give one example in each case.
3. Define Ligand and central metal atom or ion. Give two examples.
4. How does process of galvanizing protect iron from rusting?
5. Give reason for the development of colors in the transition complexes. (What is d-d transition?)
6. What are interstitial compounds?
7. Write two uses of K2Cr2O7.
8. Give any two uses of KMnO4.
9. What are the typical and non-typical transition elements?
10. Give four important characteristics of Transition Elements.
11. How the entrapped gases are removed from the steel?
12. Explain chromyl chloride test and give its equation.
13. What are paramagnetic and Diamagnetic behave of substances? (What is the cause of paramagnetic behavior?)
14. Why transition metals show variable valences (oxidation states)?
15. Why does damaged tin plated iron get rusted quickly? (What is Tin plating & happens when it is damaged?)
16. How chromate ions are converted into dichromate ions?
17. Why d-block and f-block elements are called transition elements?
18. Define corrosion and sacrificial corrosion.
19. Define substitution alloy.
20. How does K2Cr2O7 acts as an oxidation agent in presence of H2SO4?
21. Give coordination number and oxidation state of Fe in K4[Fe(CN)6].
22. Reaction of KMnO4 with (i) H2S (ii) KOH
23. Write formulas of chromate and Dichromate ions. In which colour they usually exist?
24. What is medium carbon steel? Also write its uses.
25. Write IUPAC names of following complexes.(a) Na2[CoF6] (b) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 (c) K2[Cu(CN)4] (d)Fe(H2O)6]3+
26. Complete & balance following equation: KMnO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4→?
LONG QUESTIONS
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1. Describes Bessemer’s process for manufacture of steel.
2. Explain open heath process for the manufacture of steel.
3. How wrought iron is manufactured from cast iron.
4. What are steel? Discuss its different types on the bases of carbon contents.
5. What is galvanization or anode coating?
6. Distinguish between cathode coating and anode coating of iron.
12
CHAPTER 7
FUNDAMETAL PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. A double bond consists of:
A) One sigma and one pi bonds B) Two sigma bonds
C) One sigma and two pi bonds D) Two pi bonds
2. The state of hybridization of carbon in methane is:
A) Sp3 B) Sp2 C) Sp D) dsp2
3. Presence of double or triple bond is sign of:
A) Unsaturation B) Saturation C) Addition D) Substitution
4. Dimethyl ether may show which types of isomerism:
A) Tautomerism B) Metamerism C) Geometric D) Functional group
5. The chemist synthesized urea from ammonium cyanate was:
A) Berzelius B) Kolbe C) Wohler D) Lavoisier
6. Linear shape is associated with which set of Hybrid orbital:
A) Sp B) sp2 C) sp3 D) dsp2
7. The hybridization of carbon atom in HCHO is:
A) Sp B) sp2 C) sp3 D) dsp
8. Tautomerism arises due to shifting of:
A) Sigma electrons B) Neutrons C) Pi-Electrons D) Protons
9. The isomerism shown by alkanes is:
A) Skeletal B) Position C) Geometric D) Metamerism
10. In which of the following compound each carbon atom is sp2-hybridized:
A) CH3CN B) CH2=CH2 C) HCOOH D) CH2Cl2
11. Pentane (C5H12) shows how many chain isomers:
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
12.The process used to improve quality of gasoline is called:
A) Thermal cracking B) Reforming C) Steam cracking D) Combustion
13.Vital force theory was rejected by:
A) G.N. Lewis B) Friedrick Wohler C) Scientist of 20th century D) Greek Philosophers
14.One of the following Molecules is sp2 hybridized:
A) CH3 − CH3 B) CH2 = CH2 C) CH  CH D) CH4
15. Which compound is the most reactive one?
A) Benzene B) Ethene C) Alkenes D) Ethynes
16. Which set represent the planner triangular shape:
A) Sp3 B) sp2 C) sp D) dsp2
17. Which class of organic compounds shows Metamerism?
A) Aldehydes B) Ethers C) Alkenes D) Alkanes
18. Each carbon atoms are sp3-hybridized in the class of:
A) Alkenes B) Alkynes C) Ketones D) Alkanes
19. The state of hybridization in ethane molecule is:
A) dsp2 B) sp3 C) sp2 D) sp
20. The carbon atom of carboxyl group is hybridized:
A) sp B) sp2 C) sp3 D) dsp2
21. Which compound has acidic hydrogen?
A) Butane B) 1-Butane C) 1-Butyne D) 2-Butyne
22. The linear shape is associate with __________ set of hybrid orbitals:
A) sp B) sp2 C) sp3 D) dsp2
23. The bond angle between any two sp 2-Hybridized orbitals is of:
A) 120o B) 1800 C) 109.5o D) 107.5o
24. –SH functional group is called:
A) Cyano B) Mecrapto C) Nitro D) Carboxyl
25. The state of hybridization of carbon in ethane is:
A) sp3 B) sp2 C) sp D) dsp2
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Why there is a free rotation around a single bond, but not free rotation around double bond?
2. 1-Butyne does not show geometrical isomerism but 2-Butene does. Give reason.
3. Why is restricted rotation necessary to show the geometrical isomerism?
4. Cis-trans isomerism is a result of restricted rotation of carbon- carbon double bond. Discuss.
5. Differentiate between homocyclic& heterocyclic compounds.
6. Write a short note on cracking of petroleum?
7. Differentiate between alicyclic & aromatic compounds. give one example in each case.
8. Define Metamerism. Give example.
9. Define catenation.
10. What is the significance of Wohler’s work? (Why vital force theory was rejected.)
11. What is vital force theory?
12. Define functional group isomerism and give an example.
13. What is meant by Carbonization of coal?
14. Define function group. Give two examples of functional group containing oxygen.
15. Define reforming of petroleum and Thermal cracking”.
16. What is catalytic cracking? How many types of cracking.
17. Define tautomerism, give an example.
18. Explain position isomerism with an example.
19. Octane number of gasoline is improved by reforming. Explain.
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20. Write name and structure of two aromatic heterocyclic compounds.
21. When does sp-hybridization occur?
22. When does sp3-Hybridization occur?
23. What are the main sources of organic compounds?
24. Describe natural sources of methane (Hydrocarbon) in atmosphere.
25. What is natural gas write its composition and two uses.
26. Give shapes and angles of following compounds using hybridization approach (a) CH 2 = CH2 (b) H3C--CH3
27. What are fused rings aromatic compounds? Give example.
28. Branched hydrocarbons are better as a fuel as compared to straight chain, explain.
29. Illustrate two principal fractions obtained from petroleum giving boiling point range, composition and uses.
30. Write down any two characteristics features of organic compounds.
31. Discuss two methods cracking of petroleum.
32. Write two possible isomers of C4H10. Write their IUPAC names also.
33. Name organic compounds first of all prepared in the laboratory, and how?
34. Write types of bonds and shapes of HCHO and CH3Cl using hybridization approach.
35. Write a brief note on geometric isomerism.
36. Give examples of positional isomerism in alkenes and alkynes.
37. Write down important uses of organic compounds in our daily life.
38. Give names of four compounds which are homocyclic but are not aromatic.
39. Draw the structure of C2H2 and indicate the bond angles.
40. Classify open chain compounds with examples.
41. Give idea about knocking in the internal combustion engine.
42. Write the structure formula of
➢ Neopentane
➢ Isobutylene
➢ Cyclopropane
➢ Toluene
➢ Aniline
➢ Phenanthrene
LONG QUESTIONS
1. What is sp2 hybridization? Explain the structure of Ethene C2H4 on the bases of hybridization.
2. What is sp Hybridization? Explain the structure of Ethyne (Acetylene) C 2H2 according to this theory.
3. What is orbital Hybridization? Explain sp3 molecule of hybridization.
4. What is cracking? Give the type of cracking.
5. What is meant by reforming of petroleum? Explain knocking and octane number in that regard.
6. Give four types of structure isomerism along with an example in each case.
7. Discuss Cis and Trans isomerism give two different examples.
8. How organic compounds are classified give suitable example of each type?
14
CHAPTER 8
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON
1. Vinyl acetylene combines with hydrochloric acid to form:
A) Polyacetylene B) Benzene C) Chloroprene D) Divinyl acetylene
2. Preparation of vegetable ghee involves:
A) Halogenations B) Hydrogenation C) Hydroxylation D) Dehydrogenation
3.β,β`-dichloro ethyl sulphide is commonly known as:
A) Mustard gas B) Laughing gas C) Bio-gas D) Phosgene gas
4. Formula of chloroform is:
A) CH3Cl B) CH2Cl2 C) CHCl3 D) CCl4
5. The addition of unsymmetrical reagent to an unsymmetrical alkene is in accordance with the rule:
A) Hund’s rule B) Markownikov’s rule C) Pauli’s Exclusiverule D) Aufbau Principle
6. Vegetable oils are:
A) Polyesters B) Glycerider of unsaturated fatty acids
C) Essential oils D) Fatty acid
7. Mustard gas is obtained by the reaction of S2Cl2 with:
A) Ethane B) Ethene C) Ethyne D) Methane
8. The catalytic oxidation of methane produces:
A) CO+H2O B) CO2+H2O C) C+H2O D) CH3-OH
9. Synthetic rubber is made by polymerization of:
A) Chloroform B) Acetylane C) Divinylacetyene D) Chloroprene
10. Which types of reactions are given by alkanes?
A) Polymerization B) Elimination C) Substitution D) Addition
11. Which is used for artificial ripening of fruits?
A) Ethane B) Ethene C) Acetylene D) Propane
12. The presence of double bond in a compound is the sign of:
A) Saturation B) Unsaturation C) Substitution D) None of these
13. Formula of Marsh gas is:
A) CH4 B) C2H6 C) C3H8 D) C4H10
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Why pi-bond is more reactive than  -bond? (The sigma bonds are inert in alkanes. Explain.)
2. Explain Markownikov’srule with one example?
3. What is Baeyer’s test? What are its uses?
4. Prepare alkanes from Clemmensen and Wolf-Kishner’s reduction methods from aldehydes or ketone?
5. Mention four uses of ethane. Give four uses of methane?
6. Define Rany nickel. Give its uses?
7. Describe how we can be distinguishing between ethane &ethene?
8. What is Hydrogenolysis? Give an example.
9. Distinguish between ethane &ethyne by a chemical test?
10. Alkanes are less reactive than alkenes. Comment? (Why alkenes are more reactive than alkanes and alkynes?)
11. Why alkynes are less reactive than alkenes towards Electrophile Regents?
12. How ethane can be prepared by Kolb’s electrolysis?
13. How Cis and Trans Alkenes are obtained from Alkynes?
14. Give the mechanism of ozonolysis of ethane.
15. Explain acidic nature of Ethyne.
16. How ammonical solution AgNO3 can be used distinguish between 1-Butyne and 2-Butyne?
17. How can ethyne be prepared commercially from calcium carbide?
18. Why are some hydrocarbons called saturated and other unsaturated?
19. Identify the actual product, when HBr is added can be propene. Write equation also.
20. How common names of alkenes are derived? Give common names of CH 2=CH2 and CH3-CH=CH2.
21. Why ethane is more reactive than ethyne towards addition reactions?
22. Define hydrogenation. Give its two applications.
23. What is heat of combustion?
24. Distinguish between Ethene and Acetylene.
25. Write down mechanism for the Kolbe’s electrolytic method for the preparation of Alkane.
26. Describe polymerization of ethane.
27. What is aromatization?
28. Describe a test for the presence of unsaturation in organic molecules.
29. Starting from C2H5Br how will you prepare ethane and ethane?
30. Describe nitration of methane.
31. Ethane can be converted into ethyl alcohol. Write equation.
32. How would you prepare acetone from propyne.
33. How ethyne (acetylene) is converted to (a) Acetaldehyde (b) Benzene
34. How will you synthesize following compounds from ethyne: (a) Benzene (b) Chloroprene.
35. How does propyne react with (a) AgNO3/NH4OH (a) Cu2Cl2/NH4OH
36. Write structural formulas of
➢ 1,3-Pentadiene
➢ Vinyl bromide
➢ Isobutylene.
➢ Vinyl acetylene
➢ But-3-en-yne
➢ 2-2-Dimethyl Hexane
➢ 4-iso-propyl heptanes
15
CONVERCTIONS
Methane
1. Methane into ethane
2. Methane into Nitro methane
Ethene
1. Ethene into Ethyl Alcohol
2. Ethene into 1,2-Dibromoethane
3. Ethene into Ethyne
4. Ethene into ethane
5. Ethene into ethylene glycol
6. Ethyne into Ethanal
7. Ethene into ethanal
8. Ethene into ethanol
9. Cloropropene into Ethyne
Ethyne
1. Ethyne into Benzene
2. Ethyne into Acetaldehyde.
3. Ethyne into Glyoxal
4. Ethyne into Ethane
5. Ethyne into Methyl Nitril
6. Ethynei nto Acrylonitril
7. Ethyne into Ethanal
Reaction with
1. 1-Butene + H2
2. 1-Butene + Br2
3. 1-Butene + HBr
4. 1-Butene + O2
5. 1-Butene + HOCl
6. 1-Butene + H2SO4
8. Propyne + H2O/H2SO4
9. Propyne + Cu2Cl2/NH4OH
10. Propyne + AgNO3/NH4OH
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Describe the Acidic Nature of Alkynes.
2. Write a note on polymerization of Ethyne.
3. How Alkane can be prepared from Kolbe electrolysis process?
4. How Alkyne can be prepared from Kolbe electrolysis process?
5. How Alkene can be prepared from Kolbe electrolysis process?
6. What is Halogenations? Discuss Mechanism for the chlorination of methane by free radical mechanism in the presence
of sunlight?
16
CHAPTER 9
AROMATIC HYDROCARBON
1.Among the following, the compound that can be sulphonated most easily is:
A) Toluene B) Benzene C) Nitrobenzene D) Chlorobenzene
2. The electrophile used for sulphonation of benzene is:
+
A) SO3 B) SO4 C) HSO 4 D) H2SO4
3. The conversation of n-hexane to benzene by heating in presence of Pt is called:
A) Isomerization B) Dealkylation C) Rearrangement D) Aromatization
4. m-Chloronitro benzene is prepared by:
A) Nitration of Chloro benzene B) Nitration of Benzene
C) Nitration of m-Chloro benzene D) Chlorination of nitro benzene
5. The Benzene Molecule contains:
A) Three double bonds B) Two double bonds
C) One double bond D) Delocalized-pi electron charge
6. Ortho, Para derivations are obtained by halogenations of:
A) Nitrobenzene B) Toluene C) Benzaldehyde D) Benzene
7. How many resonance structures of benzene are known?
A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6
3HNO3 + H 2SO 4
8. Toluene
100 C
A) O-nitrotoluene B) M-nitrotoluene C) P-nitrotoluene D) 2,4,6,-TNT
9. Aromatic hydrocarbons are the derivatives of:
A) Normal series of paraffins B) Alkene C) Benzene D) Cyclohexane
10. During nitration of benzene the active nitrating agent is:
A) NO3− B) NO2 C) NO2− D) NO2+
11. C-C bond length in benzene is?

A) 1.34 Ao B) 1.20Ao C) 1.39Ao D) 1.54Ao
12. Total number of pi electrons in benzene are:
A) 3 B) 6 C) 12 D) 18
13. Which of the following acid can be used asa catalyst in Friedel crafts reaction?
A) AlCl3 B) HNO3 C) BeCl2 D) NaCl
14. Benzene cannot undergo reactions:
A) Substitution B) Addition C) Oxidation D) Elimination
15.In the given compounds the most reactive one is:
A) Benzene B) Ethene C) Ethane D) Ethyne
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is Wurtz-Fuitting reaction?
2. What objections were raised on Kekule’s formula of Benzene?
3. Write down the mechanism of nitration and sulphonation of benzene.
4. Write down mechanism for halogenations and alkylation of benzene
5. Define resonance energy. What is the resonance energy of Benzene?
6. Write the reaction when mixture of benzene vapours and oxygen is passed over heated vanadium pentoxide.
7. What information is obtained about structure of benzene from X-ray studies?
8. Write names and draw structures of three possible isomers of Xylene.
9. Benzene can be prepared commercially from acetylene. Give reaction with conditions.
10. What is meant by Meta directing group? Give two example
11. What is meant by ortho –para directing groups? Give two examples.
12. What are monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons?
13. What happen when ozone is reacted with benzene?
14. Why benzene is less reactive than alkenes although it has three pi bonds in it?
15. Predict major product of bromination of nitrobenzens. Also give equation.
16. What are aromatic hydrocarbons? Give two examples.
17. How Haxane and Heptane can give Benzene and Toluene respectively?
18. What are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons? Give example.
19. What is meant by the terms: (i) Aromatic (ii) Oxidation
20. What are the major products when chlorine reacts with Toluene in the presence of sunlight?
21. Why hydroxyl group (OH-) is ortho and para directing?
22. How benzene is converted into maleic acid by catalytic oxidation?
23. Write two addition reactions of benzene.
24. Convert heptanes into toluene.
25. How toluene can be converted to benzoic acid?
26. Convert benzene into (a) Toluene (b) Acetophenone
27. Give reaction of: (a) Phenol with zinc (b) Benzene with SO3.
28. Write structures of the following
➢ Toluene
➢ Benzaldehyde
➢ o-Xylene,
➢ 4-amino phenol
29. Write structures of the following
➢ Naphthalene
➢ Anthracene
➢ Oxalic Acid
➢ Aniline
17
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Give the mechanism of Friedel Craft reactions. Give one example in each case.
2. Write the atomic orbital treatment of benzene.
3. Straight chain structure of benzene is ruled out.Explain.
4. Discuss two industrial and two labotary method to preparation benzene.
5. Detail out two reactions in which benzene behave as saturated Hydrocarbons and two as unsaturated H.C.
6. What are aromatic hydrocarbons classify them and give one example of each?
7. What happen when Toluene is reacted with Chlorine in the presence of sun light?
8. Discuss the orientation in electrophile substitution reaction with respect to Meta directing group.
9. Describes the structure of benzene on the basis of resonance method.
10. What is meant by orientation, why certain substitutions are ortho and parallel directive and ortho are Meta Directive
giving one example of each?
18
CHAPTER 10
ALKYL HALIDES
1. Which one of the following with Grignard’s reagent can give P o-alcohol?
A) Epoxide B) Peroxide C) Super Oxide D) Hydrogen oxide
2. Which one of the following is not a nucleophile?
A) H2O B) H2S C) BF3 D) DH3
3. The reactivity of Grignard’s reagent is due to:
A) Polarity of Mg-X bond B) Polarity of C-Mg bond
C) Electronegativity of halogen atom D) Presence of Mg atom
4. for which mechanism, the first step involved is the same:
A) E1 and E2 B) E1 and SN1 C) E1 and SN2 D) E2 and SN2
5. Which one of the following is electrophile?
A) NH3 B) H2O C) BF3 D) Cl
6. In SN2 mechanism, the rate of bond formation is _________bond breakage:
A) Less than B) Equal to C) Greater than D) Can’t be predicted
7. Elimination bimolecular reactions involve:
A) First order kinetics B) Second order kinetics C) Third order kinetics D) Zero order kinetics
8. When CO2 is made to react with Ethyl magnesium iodide, followed by Acid hydrolysis, product formed is:
A) Propane B) Propanoic acid C) Propanol D) Propanal
9. Order and molecularity, of SN2 reaction of alkyl halide is:
A) 1,2 B) 2,1 C) 2,2 D) 0,1
10. Which one is most reactive alkyl halide?
A) RI B) RBr C) RCl D) RF
11.SN2 reactions can be carried out with:
A) Primary alkyl halides B) Secondary alkyl halides C) Tertiary alkyl halides D) All of these
12.Which one of the following is best nucleophile:
A) H2O B) NH3 C) C2H5O- D) NO
13. In primary alkyl halides the halogen atom is attached to a carbon which is further attached to how many carbon atoms:
A) 4 B) 3 C) 2 D) 1
14. Which one is the best leaving group:
A) I-1 B) Br-1 C) Cl-1 D) F-1
15. Ethyl bromide reacts with aqueous KOH to produce is:
A) Ethene B) Ethane C) Ethanol D) Ethanoic acid
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Describe two methods of preparation of ethyl halide form ethanol.
(Prepare alkyl halides from alcohols by two methods)
2. Prepare n-Butane by Wurtz’s reactions? (Briefly describe “Wurtz synthesis” )
3. Define electrophile and nuclophile give one example in each case.
4. What are primary, Secondary and tertiary Alkyl Halides? Give examples.
5. Define leaving group and electrophile. Give examples.
6. What is the nature of C-Mg bond in R-Mg-X? (Give reason for reactivity of Grignard’s reagent)
7. Write a note on R-Mg-X. (Give the importance of Grignard’s reagents)
8. Why ‘R-X’ is reactive compound? (Why alkyl halides are more reactive than alkanes?)
9. Why the reactivity of Alkyl Halide depends upon bond energy.
(Write down the main factors on which reactivity of Alkyl halides depends.)
10. Write excellent method of prepare alkyl iodide.
11. Why thionylchloride SOCl2 is the best reagent to get alkyl chloride from alcohols.
(How will you prepare Ethyl chloride using)
12. How will you convert CH3-CH3 to (CH3-CH2)4N+Br-?
13. What are Grignard’s reagents? How is it prepared?
14. How will you prepare diethyl ammine from C2H2Br.
15. How primary Alcohols are produced by Grignard reagent? Write two methods.
16. Give reaction of Grignard’s reagent with CO2 followed by hydrolysis in acid medium.
17. The nature of alkyl group changes when alkyl halide is converted to Grignard’s reagent, Explain.
18. Complete the elimination reaction in two steps when a base B attacks on t-butyl bromide.
19. Inversion of configuration is 50% in SN1 mechanism. Explain?
20. During SN1 reaction. What is the significance of first step?
21. Reaction of ethyl bromide with OH nucleophile in SN2. Justify.
22. How is reduction of 1-chloropropane done to prepare propane?
23. Give chemical reactions by which acetone can be converted to 2-methyl 2-propanol by using Grignard’s reagent.
24. Convert Ethyl Bromide into quaternary ethyl ammonium bromide.
25. Convert Ethyl Bromide into Ethyl Alcohol and Ethene.
LONG QUESTIONS
1. What are SN reactions? Differential between SN1 and SN2 reaction.
2. Describe briefly the two possible mechanism of β-elimination reaction.
3. What products are formed when following compounds are treated with ethyl magnesium bromide?
➢ HCHO Formaldehyde
➢ CH3-CO-CH3 Acetone
➢ CH3CHO Acetaldehyde
➢ CO2Carbondioxide.
4. How would you prepare the following compounds starting from Grignard’s reagent?
➢ Alkane
➢ Carboxylic Acid
➢ 2-Butanol
19
➢ 1-Butanol
5. How would you prepare the following compounds starting from Grignard’s reagent?
➢ Primary alcohol
➢ Secondary alcohol
➢ Tertiary Alcohol
➢ Butanoic acid
6. Write reaction of Grignard reagent with the following
➢ Water
➢ Ammonia
➢ epoxies
➢ Alcohol
7. What are Grignard’s regents? How there with carbonyl compounds?
8. Prepare ethyl chloride from alcohol by using three different reagents?
9. One which two factors reactivity of Alkyl Halides depends? Which are the dominating factors?
20
CHAPTER 11
ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS ANDETHERS
1. Which compound is called universal solvent?
A) H2O B) CH3OH C) C2H5OH D) CH3 – O - CH3
2. Alcohol obtained by fermentation is only upto:
A) 10% B) 12% C) 20% D) 95%
3. according to Lewis concept, ethers behave as:
A) Acid B) Base C) Solvent D) Nucleophile
4. Which of the following shows maximum hydrogen bonding with water?
A) CH3OH B) C2H5OH C) CH3 – O - CH3 D) C6H5OH
5. Rectified spirit contains alcohol (ethanol) about:
A) 80% B) 85% C) 90% D) 95%
6. Ethers show the phenomenon of:
A) Position isomerism B) Functional group isomerism
C) Metamerism D) Cis-trans isomerism
7. The compound which is more soluble in water:
A) C6H5OH B) C2H5OH C) C6H13OH D) C7H15OH
8. Which enzyme is not used in fermentation of starch?
A) Urease B) Diastase C) Zymase D) Invertase
9. Phenol can be identified by the test:
A) Bromine water B) Chlorine water C) Lucas test D) Bayerstest
10. In t-butyl alcohol, the Alpha carbon in bonded to:
A) Three hydrogen atoms B) Two hydrogen atoms C) One hydrogen atoms D) No hydrogen atoms
11. Ethanol can be converted into ethanoic acid by:
A) Oxidation B) Fermentation C) Hydrogenation D) Hydration
12. Which compound shows maximum hydrogen bonding?
A) C2H6 B) C2H5COOH C) C2H5OH D) C3H7OH
13. Methyl alcohol is not used:
A) As a solvent B) As a antifreezing agent
C) As a substitute for petrol D) For denaturing of ethyl alcohol
14. _____________ is alcohol in the following:
A) CH3CH2OH B) CH3OCH3 C) CH3COOH D) CH3CHO
15. _____________ compound shows extensive hydrogen bonding with water:
A) C2H6 B) H2S C) CH3Cl D) C2H5OH
16. Which of the following is weakest acid?
A) Phenol B) Benzoic acid C) Ethyl alcohol D) Water
17. Carbolic acid is:
A) Phenol B) Methanol C) Carbon acid D) Chloroform
18. Which compound shows hydrogen bonding:
A) CH3 – O - CH3 B) CH3 - CH3 C) CH2 = CH2 D) C2H5 --OH
19. Isopropy 1 alcohol on oxidation gives:
A) Acetaldehyde B) Acetone C) Ether D) Propene
20. Which compound causes maximum repulsion with water?
A) C2H5OH B) C6H6
C) CH3 – O - CH3 D) CH3 – CH2– CH2 – OH
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Write two methods for the preparation of ethers. (Prepare diethyl ether by Williamson’s synthesis.)
2. Prepare phenol from chlorobenzene by Dow’s method. (Write down two methods for the preparation of Phenol.)
3. Describe the method for preparation of phenol from sodium salt of benzene sulphonic acid.
4. How will you distinguish between methanol & ethanol?
5. How will you distinguish between 1-propanol and 2-propanol?
6. Explain denaturing of alcohol.
7. How is methylated spirit prepared?
8. Only 12-14% ethanol can be prepared by fermentation process. Justify.
9. Absolute alcohol cannot be prepared by fermentation process. Why?
(How ethanol is prepared on industrial scale in the world?)
10. Write four uses of each methanol and ethanol. (Give any four uses of methyl alcohol.)
(What are the important uses of alcohol?)
11. Why Phenol is acidic while alcohol is not? (Explain acidic behavior of phenol.)
12. Alcohol reacts with conc.H2SO4 and give, different products at different conditions. Give reactions.
13. Why ethyl alcohol is liquid while Ethyl chloride is gas at room temperature?
14. Give chemical reactions for preparation of Bakelite.
15. Define and give examples of each of Dihydric and Trihydric Alcohols. (Classify alcohols giving an example for each.)
16. Distinguish between an alcohol and a phenol by a chemical reaction? (How phenol is identified chemically?)
17. Define fermentation. Give one example.
18. Water has higher boiling point than ethanol. Explain.
19. Write formula of carbolic acid and its one use.
20. Ethers are less reactive than alcohols. Justify.
21. Ethers belong to an inert class of organic compounds. Discuss.
22. Draw flow sheet diagram for manufacture of methanol.
23. How Ethyl Alcohol and Iso-Propyl Alcohols are oxidized?
24. Give reactions of ethyl alcohol with: (i)Na (ii)PCl3.
25. How ethyl alcohol does react with the following reagents? (i) Conc.H2SO4 (ii) PCl5.
26. Convert Ethanol into isopropyl alcohol.
21
27. Prepare benzene and picric acid from phenol? (How does picric acid synthesis take place?)
28. How phenol can be converted into Benzene?
29. Write the reaction of phenol with methanol. (Convert phenol to an alcohol)
30. How does phenol react with alkali?
31. Give the reaction of phenol with conc. H2SO4 and acetyl chloride.
32. How Conc. HNO3 reacts with phenol to give picric acid?
33. Picric acid is phenol which behaves like an acid. Justify.
34. Give the chemical reaction of Diethyl Ether with HI and PCl 5.
35. Write IUPAC names for these compounds: (i) CH3-CH2-O-CH3 (ii) CH3-O-CH2-CH2-CH3
36. Write down the formula of
➢ Acetophenone
➢ Benzyl Alcohol
➢ sodium phenoxide
➢ methoxy ethane
➢ picric acid
➢ p-hydroxy benzyl alcohol,
➢ Di-isopropyl ether,
➢ Di-phenyl ether
CONVERCTIONS
1. Ethanol into methanol
2. Ethanol into Butanol
3. Ethanol into ethanoic acid
4. Ethanol into Isopropyl alcohol
5. Methanol into Ethanol
6. Methanol into ethanal
7. Ethanol into 2-propanol
LONG QUESTIONS
1. How will you distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol by Lucas test give equation also?
2. Give industrial preparation of methanol.
3. Give two preparation of phenol.
4. Explain the acidic nature of phenol.
5. Give industrial preparation of ethyl alcohol. OR
How ethylic alcohol is obtained by the termination of molasses and starch?
6. Convert Phenol into
➢ Picric Acid
➢ Cyclohexenol
➢ Bakelite
7. How phenol react with
➢ Zn
➢ NaOH
➢ HNO3
➢ H2SO4
➢ H2
➢ Bromine Water
8. Give two reactions in each case in which (C-O) and (O-H) bond of Alcohol is broken?
22
CHAPTER 12
ALDEHYDE AND KETONES
1. Addition of alcohol in carbonyl compounds gives acetal. The geometry of acetal is:
A) Linear B) Trigonal C) Tetrahedral D) Planer
2. Which one of the following is applied on walls as white wash:
A) Lime water B) Milk of lime C) Milk of magnesia D) Limestone
3. Methanol can be prepared from hydrogenation of:
A) CH3N B) CH3Br C) HCHO D) CH3CHO
4. Cannizzaro’s reaction is not gives by:
A) Formaldehyde B) Acetaldehyde
C) Benzaldehyde D) Trimethylacetaldehyde
5. Which of the following reagent will react with both aldehydes and ketones:
A) Grignard Reagent B) Tollen’s Reagent C) Fehling’s Reagent D) Benedict’s Reagent
6. Formation of acetaldehyde from ethanol is known as:
A) Reduction B) Addition C) Oxidation D) Substitution
7. Which compound will not give iodoform test on treatment with I 2 /NaOH:
A) Acetaldehyde B) Acetone C) Butanone D) 3-pentanone
8. Aldehydes on reduction form:
A) Primary Alcohol B) Secondary alcohol C) Tertiary alcohol D) Ketones
9. Which compound will react with Tollen’sreagent:
A) Acetaldehyde B) Acetone C) Acetic acid D) Butanone
10. Both aldehydes and ketones react with:
A) Grignard Reagent B) Tollen’s Reagent C) Fehling’s Reagent D) Benedict’s Reagent
11. The carbon atom of a carbonyl group is:
A) sp-hybridized B) sp2-hybridized C) sp3-hybridized D) sp-sp hybridized
12. The state of hybridization of carbon atom in HCHO is:
A) dsp2 B) sp3 C) sp2 D) sp
13. In the given compounds which will react with Tollen’s reagents:
A) CH3-OH B) CH3 – CO - CH3
C) CH3 –CHO D) CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – OH
14. Formaline is:
A) 10% solution of formaldehyde in water B) 20% solution of formaldehyde in water
C) 40% solution of formaldehyde in water D) 60% solution of formaldehyde in water
15. Acetone reacts with HCN to form a cyanohydrin. It is an example of:
A) Nuclecphilic addition B) Substitution reaction C) Elimination reaction D) None
16. Ketones are prepared by the oxidation of:
A) Primary alcohol B) Secondary alcohol C) Tertiary alcohol D) Polyhydric alcohol
17. Aldehydes and ketones can be detected by:
A) 2,4 DNP teat B) Tollen’s test
C) Sodium Nitropruside Test D) Benedictssolution test
18. Silver mirror test is given by:
A) Ethers B) Ketones C) Acids D) Aldehydes
19. Which test is called silver mirror test:
A) Tollen’s test B) Fehling’s test
C) Benedict’s test D) Sodium nitro preside test
20. Which of the following reagents will reacts with both aldehyde and ketones:
A) Tollen’s Reagent B) Grignard Reagent C) Fehling’s Reagent D) Benedict’s Reagent
21. Cannizzaro’s reaction is given by:
A) Acetaldehyde B) Formaldehyde C) Propanal D) Propanone
22. Which of the following has highest boiling point?
A) Methanol B) Ethanol C) Propanol D) 2-Hexanone
23. Cannizzaro’s reaction is not given by:
A) HCHO B) CHO C) (CH3)3C-CO-H D) CH3-CO-H
25. Aldehydes react with hydroxylamine in acidic solution to give:
A) An oxime B) Aldol C) Polymer D) Acetic acid
26. Which reaction is disproportionate reaction?
A) Aldol condensation B) Cannizzaro’s reaction
C) Haloform reaction D) Acid catalyzed reaction
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Write four uses of formaldehyde.
2. Write down four uses of acetaldehyde.
3. Write Fehling’s solution test.
4. Fehling’s solution reacts with Aldehyde to give red ppt. justify it.
5. Tollen’s test is also Silver mirror test. Justify it.
6. What is silver mirror test? What is its importance?
7. What is Benedict’s solution test? Also give its reaction with acetaldehyde?
8. What is sodium bisulphate test?
9. How formaldehyde is prepared on industrial scale?
10. Explain one method of formation of formaldehyde from methyl alcohol.
11. Give industrial preparation of acetaldehydes?
12. What is formalin?
13. Write the reaction of iodoform by using acetone?
14. What is haloform reaction?
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15. Write down mechanism of Cannizzaro’s reaction?
16. Explain why the aldehydes with no a-hydrogen give Cannizzaro’s reaction?
17. What is the use of iodoform test to distinguish between acetaldehyde and formaldehyde?
18. What is iodoform test? Illustrate with an example.
19. Give formulas of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, Acetophenone and Acetone.
20. Give the mechanism of addition of HCN to Acetone.
21. Give reaction acetaldehyde with: HCN
22. Addition of HCN on aldehydes and ketones is base catalyzed reaction?
23. Describe brifly the mechanism of base catalyzed nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl compound?
24. Give general mechanism of acid catalyzed addition reactions of aldehydes?
25. How aldehyde reacts with hydrdzine? Give its mechanism.
26. How ethanal react with phenyl hydrazine? Give reaction.
27. Write the reaction of phenyl hydrazine with acetaldehyde?
28. Convert acetaldehyde into paraldehyde by a reaction which is done in presence of dilute H 2SO4?
29. How α-hydroxy acids are produced from aldehyde and ketones?
30. How would you convert Acetone into t-butyl alcohol?
31. What is sodium nitroprusside test?
32. Convert Acetaldehyde to Lactic acid.
33. How acetaldehyde is prepared from ethyl alcohol in the laboratory?
34. Convert acetone into 2-propanol alcohol.
35. Define nucleophilic addition reaction with an example.
36. How iodoform is prepared from acetaldehyde and ethyl alcohol?
37. Write methods to prepare formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
38. Distinguish between ethanol and propanon by a chemical test.
39. How methanol and ethanol are reduced with sodium Borohydride?
40. Write chemical reaction of H2NOH with ethanol &propanone in presence of acid.
41. What is the difference between aldehydes and ketones.
42. How hydrazine reacts with acetone?
43. How α –hydroxy acid is prepared from aldehydes?
44. Write the functional group of aldehyde and ketone, give one example of each.
45. Which products are formed by the catalytic reduction of aldehydes? Gives one example.
46. Iodoform test can be used to distinguishbetween methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol. Justify it?
47. How does acetaldehyde react with give reagents: (i) dilute NaOH (ii) NH2OH
48. Write the mechanism of the addition of sodium bisulphate to analdchyde.
49. Apply your knowledge to convert formaldehyde into ethyl alcohol?
50. How willyou distinguish between ethanol and propanal?
51. Prepare 2-Butanol from acetaldehyde in the presence of base.
52. Write down reactions of sodium bisulphate with acetaldehyde and acetone.
CONVERCTIONS
1. Acetone into ethyl alcohol
2. Acetone into 2-Butyle Alcohol
3. Acetone into T- Butyle Alcohol
4. Propanone into 2-propanol
5. Propanal into 1-propanol
6. Propanal into 1-propanol
7. Ethanal into propanone
8. Ethanal into propanol
9. Ethanal into Ethanol
10. Methanal into ethyl alcohol
11. Methanal into ethanal
LONG QUESTIONS
1) Describes the mechanism of Aldol condensation. And give example.
2) What type of aldehyde gives cannizar’s reaction? Give its mechanism.
3) Discuses Haloform reaction with one example.
4) Prepare acetaldehyde from calcium from acetate and ethyl alcohol.
5) Describes the mechanism of the reaction of sodium bisulphite (NaHSO3) with aldehyde and ketone. And give its one example.
6) Describes the mechanism of Ammonium derivatives.
7) Write down the uses of acetaldehyde.
8) Write down the uses of Formaldehyde.
24
CHAPTER 13
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
1. Molar mass of CH3COOH obtained by elevation of boiling point method is:
A) 30 B) 60 C) 120 D) 180
2. Which of the following is not a fatty acid?
A) Propionic acid B) Acetic acid C) Phthalic acid D) Butanoic acid
3. Acetic acid is manufactured by:
A) Distillation B) Fermentation C) Ozonalysis D) Esterification
4. Which of the following reagent is used to reduce carboxylic group to alcohol?
A) N2/Ni B) H2/Pi C) NaBH4 D) LiAlH4
5. A cyclic dimer of acetic acid is formed when it is added to benzene. The number of oxygen atoms in a dimer ring is/are:
A) One B) Two C) Four D) Six
6. Ethanol can be converted into ethanoic acid by:
A) Hydrogenation B) Hydration C) Oxidation D) Fermentation
7. The compound used in the manufacture of synthetic fiber is:
A) Formic acid B) Acetic acid C) Oxalic acid D) Carbonic acid
8. The solution of the acid used for seasoning of food is:
A) Formic acid B) Acetic acid C) Benzonic acid D) Butanonic acid
9. The regent used to convert carboxylic directly to alkane is:
A) HI/P B) NaBH4 C) LiAlH4 D) H2/Ni
10. Which derivative cannot be prepared directly from acetic acid?
A) Acetamide B) Acetyl chloride C) Acetic anhydride D) Ethyl acetate
11. Which of the following is not a fatty acid?
A) Carboxylic acid B) Glutamic acid C) Aspartic acid D) Phthalic acid
12. The flavor of amyl acetate is:
A) Orange B) Apricot C) Banana D) Pine apple
13. The flavor of Benzyl acetate is:
A) Orange B) Apricot C) Banana D) Jasmine
14. Which one has the highest boiling point?
A) HCOOH B) CH3COOH
C) C2H5COOH D) CH3-CH2-CH2COOH
15. Which of the following is not present in all proteins?
A) Aspartic acid B) Lysine C) Alanine D) Aniline
16. Hydrogen bonding is strongest among the molecule:
A) HCl B) HBr C) HI D) HF
17. Which of the following elements is not present in all proteins:
A) Carbob B) Hydrogen C) Nitrogen D) Sulphur
18. Which one is neutral amino acid?
A) Lysine B) Histidine C) Valine D) Glutamic acid
19. Which acid is used in the manufacture of synthetic fiber?
A) Formic acid B) Oxalic acid C) Carbonic acid D) Acetic acid
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is Zwitter Ion? Give example.
2. Differentiate between essential and non-essential amino acids.
3. Give four uses of acetic acid.
4. Discuss Strecker’s synthesis for the preparation of amino acids.
5. Explain acidic and basic character of amino acid.
6. Differentiate between acidic and basic amino acids. (What do you know about structure of amino acid?)
7. What are acidic and basic amino acids? Give example. (Define of neutral amino acids. and give example)
8. What are amino acids? Write their general formula.(What is an amino acid? Draw its structure.)
9. What is peptide bond? Write down the formula of a dipeptide. (Write general structure of peptide linkage.)
10. What is the difference between peptide and proteins? (What is meant by polypeptide and protein?)
11. Write down the names of two esters having the following flavors: Pineapple, Jasmine, banana and orange.
12. Why carboxylic acids are soluble in water. (Give trend of solubility of carboxylic acids in water.)
13. Draw dimer of carboxylic acid?
14. What are carboxylic acid compounds? Give example.
15. Why B.P (boiling point) of carboxylic acid is relativity high?
16. How is carboxylic acid prepared from Grignard’s reagent?
17. Prove by equations that CH3COOH is used to prepare.
18. How acetic acid is prepared by the oxidation cleavage of 2-butene?
19. Prepare ethane from acetic acid by reduction with HI\P?
20. How hydrolysis of ester leads the formation of acetic acid?
21. What are Aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids? Give one example?
22. Manipulate the term ‘Esterification’ using ethyl alcohol as an example?
23. How would you convert acetic acid into methane and acetic anhydride?
24. Write the mechanism of Amide formation.
25. How Acetic acid is prepared by the oxidation of ethyl Alcohol?
26. How carboxylic acids are converted into α –amino acids?
27. What product is obtained when acetic acid is heated with P2O5.
28. Convert acetic acid (CH3COOH) into acetamide (CH3CONH2).
29. Prepare alcohol and alkane from carboxylic acid.
30. Write the formula of
➢ Glycine
➢ Alanine
25
➢ Glacial
➢ Acetic acid
➢ Palmitic acid
➢ Streasric acid
➢ Carbolic acid
➢ Glycerol
➢ ethylene glycol
➢ Lactic acid.
CONVERCTIONS
1. Acetic acid into Acetamid
2. Acetic acid into acetone
3. Acetic acid into ethane.
4. Acetic acid into acid anhydride
5. Acetic acid into Acetyl chloride
6. Acetic acid into methane
26
CHAPTER 14
MACROMOLECULES
1. Starch is a polymer of:
A) α-D-glucose B) β-D-glucose C) α-D-fructose D) β-D-fructose
2. The reaction between fat and NaOH is called:
A) Esterification B) Hydrogenolysis C) Fermentation D) Saponification
3. Which of the following is an addition polymer?
A) Polyester B) Polystyrene C) Nylon 6,6 D) Terylene
4. Polymerization of acrylonitrile give:
A) PVC B) Rayon fiber C) Acrylic fiber D) Polyester
5. Which polymer is synthetic polymer:
A) Animal fat B) Starch C) Cellulose D) Polyester
6. The hydrolysis of fat is brought about by:
A) Lipase B) Zymase C) Maltase D) Urease
7. Which of the following nitrogenous base is not present in RNA:
A) Cytosine B) Adenine C) Thiamine D) Uracil
8. The fibre which is made from acrylonitrile monomer is:
A) Aceylicfibre B) Polyester fibre C) PVC D) Rayon fibre
9. Starch is:
A) Monosaccharide B) Disaccharide C) Polysaccharide D) Oligosaccharide
10. Which of the following is an addition polymer:
A) Nylon 6,6 B) Epoxy Resin C) Terylene D) Polystyrene
11. Which of the following is mono-saccharide:
A) Fructose B) Sucrose C) Starch D) Callulose
12. Which is a water soluble vitamin:
A) Niacin B) Riboflavin C) Trypsin D) Ascorbic acid
13. Vegetable oils are:
A) Unsaturated fatty acids B) Glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids
C) Glycerides of saturated fatty acids D) Essential oils obtained from plants
14. Preparation of vegetable ghee involves:
A) Halogenation B) Hydrogenation C) Hydroxylation D) Dehydrogenation
15. The enzyme used locally to stop the blood from the wound is:
A) Insulin B) L-Asparginase C) Thrombin D) Zymase
16. Which one of the following is a condensation polymer?
A) Polystyrene B) PVC C) Polyethene D) Nylon 6,6
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define Saponification number and iodine number? Give example.
2. What is meant by Saponification?
3. Define acid number?
4. What are epoxy resins? Give their uses. (Define epoxy resins? Give their importance.)
5. Interpret hardening of oil with example?
6. What is Rancidity of fats or oils?
7. Define lipids and give their types. (Write down important uses of lipids)
8. List four important uses of protein. (What is the importance of proteins?)
9. Explain denaturation of protein.
10. How PVC is prepared? Give its uses.
11. How polystyrene is prepared? (Write the uses of polystyrene.)
12. Write down the structural formula cholesterol?
13. Give two differences between Oils and Fats?
14. Classify polymers on the basic of monomers?
15. Write any two differences between DNA and RNA? (Compare structure of DNA and RNA)
16. How Nylon 6,6 can be obtained?
17. Discuss effect of temperature and pH on enzyme activity?
18. Write a note on Cholesterol.
19. Give four properties of enzymes.
20. What is copolymer? Also give the reaction.
21. How polystyrene is prepared? Give its uses.
22. What is chemical nature of enzyme? Classify them.
23. Define enzyme. Name their two properties.
24. Write the factors which affect the enzyme activity.
25. What are thermoplastics & thermosetting polymers?
26. Define condensation polymerization. Give the reaction for the formation of polyester.
27. Define polymerization. Explain polymerization reaction of Acetylene.
28. Give the classification of polymers. (What are polymers? Give two examples.)
29. What are triglycerides? Give an example.
30. Write the structure of amylopectin.
31. What is addition polymerization? Give example.
32. Derive the open chain structure of fructose.
33. What is the degree of polymerization?
(How the degree of polymerization helps to determine the molar mass of the polymer?)
34. Define monosaccharides and give an example?
35. What are steroids? Define with an example.
36. What is Glycogen?
37. What are Derived Proteins? Give examples.
38. What are macromolecules? Give two examples.
27
39. Compare structures of glycogen and amylopectin?
40. Briefly describe the simple proteins?
41. Write down the formulas for α –D-Glucose and β –D-Glucose?
42. Give the classification of carbohydrates along with an example?
43. What is the difference between glucose and fructose?
44. What are lipids? Give two physical properties?
28
CHAPTER 15
COMMON CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN PAKISTAN
1. The nitrogenous fertilizer easily taken up by plants is:
A) Urea B) Ammonium nitrate C) Ammonia gas D) Ammonia liquid
2. The word paper is derived from the name of which ready plant?
A) Rose B) Sun flower C) Papyrus D) Water hyacinth
3. Which one not a calcarious material?
A) Clay B) Lime stone C) Marble D) Chalk
4. The number of zones through which the charge passes in a rotary kiln is:
A) 4 B) 3 C) 2 D) 5
5. Ammonium nitrate is not used as fertilizer for which crop?
A) Cotton B) Wheat C) Sugar cane D) Paddy rice
6. The nitrogen present in some fertilizers helps plants:
A) Fight against diseases B) Produces fat C) Undergo photosynthesis D) Produces protein
7. Phosphorous helps in growth of:
A) Roots B) Leaves C) Stems D) Seed
8. The percentage of lime (CaO) in Portland cement is:
A) 1.0 B) 2.5 C) 62 D) 60
9. Micro-nutrients are required in quantity per acre ranging from:
A) 4-40g B) 6-200g C) 6-200kg D) 4-40kg
10. Argillaceous material in the following is:
A) Lime B) Clay C) Marble D) Marine shell
11. Which one is not a Calcareous material:
A) Lime B) Clay C) Marble D) Marine shell
12. Calender stack is the stage of paper making where:
A) Paper is stored B) Thickness is reduced
C) Water is removed D) Stock is reduced to 1%
13. During manufacturing process of cement, the temperature of decomposition zones goes up to:
A) 800oC B) 900oC C) 1000oC D) 1100oC
14. Woody raw material of paper pulp is obtained from:
A) Cotton B) Bagasse C) Poplar D) Rice straw
15. Newspaper can be recycled again and again for how many times:
A) 5 B) 4 C) 3 D) 2
16. Which three elements are needed for the healthy growth of plants:
A) N,S,P B) N, Ca,P C) N,P,K D) N,K,C
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What are fertilizers and why they are required? (Classify elements essential for plant growth.)
2. Distinguish micronutrients and macronutrients for plants.
3. Give the important properties of Fertilizers? (What important qualities of a good fertilizer?)
4. Why nitrogen is important for plants?
5. What is the function of phosphatic fertilizers in plants?
6. Explain the importance of potassium fertilizer? (What are the advantages of using potassium fertilizers?)
7. What are phosphatic fertilizers? Give two formulas of phosphatic fertilizers.
8. What reaction takes place in the setting of cement from 01 to 07 days?
9. What reactions are taking place in the first 24 hours during setting of cement?
10. What are clinkers? How are they converted into cement? (What is the difference between clinker and Cement?)
11. Ammonium nitrate is a useful fertilizer for many crops except paddy rice. Why?
(Ammonium nitrate cannot be used as a fertilizer for paddy rice? Summarize with season?)
12. What is formed when liquid NH3 and CO2 react with each other? Write down its reaction. (Write the reactions for urea)
13. Define cement. Give its essential compounds?
14. Define paper. Give important raw material for the manufacture of paper?
15. Write the names of two non-woody and two woody raw materials for the production of paper and pulp?
16. What do you mean by calcareous materials and Argillaceous material used for the manufacturing of cement?
17. Describe chemical changes that occur in the decomposition and zones during the manufacture of cement?
18. Give different zones in the rotary kiln and their temperature.
19. Brief about prilling of urea?
20. Draw flow sheet diagram for the manufacture of cement?
21. Briefly describe the bleaching process in paper industry.
22. What are the common bleaching agents used in paper industry in Pakistan?
23. Write down formulas for Superphosphate and triple phosphate?
24. How urea is manufactured?.(Enlist steps involved in the manufacture of urea).
25. Distinguish between fertilizer and non-fertilizer compounds?
26. Write various types of raw material used in preparation of cement.
27. Draw paper making machine.
28. Define the term (i) Cement (ii) Paper
29. What do you know about screening operation for pulp and paper industry?
30. Just write five stages involved in the manufacturing of Portland cement?
31. Write down the four major components of paper machine?
32. What is meant by Dry cleaning in paper manufacturing?
33. Why wet cleaning is done in paper manufacture?
34. Give percentage of nitrogen in Urea, Ammonium nitrate, Diammonium hydrogen phosphate and KNO 3?
35. Pulp formed by digestion is washing at pulp washing stage. Why it is essential?
36. How digestion process is carried out in paper industry?
37. What are the prospects of the cement industry in Pakistan?
29
CHAPTER 16
ENVIRONMENT CHEMISTRY
1. The residual ash after incineration of industrial waste is disposed off in a landfill, which is lined with:
A) Portland cement B) Clay and plastic C) Methyl silicone D) Stone ware
2. Which one is better to disinfect water:
A) Cl2 B) O2 C) O3 D) KMnO4
3. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is an irritant to human beings and its affects:
A) Eyes B) Ears C) Stomach D) Nose
4. The pH of unpolluted rain water should be:
A) 5.00 B) 5.60 C) 6.50 D) 7.00
5. Ecosystem is a smaller unit of:
A) Biosphere B) Lithosphere C) Atmosphere D) Hydrosphere
6. To avoid the formation of toxic compounds with Cl2, which compound is used for disinfecting water:
A) KMnO4 B) O3 C) Alums D) Chloramines
7. The main pollutant of leather tanneries in the waste water is due to the salt of:
A) Lead B) Chromium C) Copper D) Chloramines
8. pH range of acid rain is:
A) 7-6.5 B) 6.5-6 C) 6-5.6 D) Less than 5
9. In purification of potable water the coagulant used is:
A) Nicklesulphate B) Copper sulphate C) Barium sulphate D) Alum
10. A single chloride free radical can destroy ozone molecules:
A) 10 B) 100 C) 10000 D) 100000
11. Chlorofluoro carbons play an effective role in removing O 3 is the:
A) Troposhere B) Stratosphere C) Polar region D) Equator
12. Lithosphere is mainly made up of 11 elements, the elements found in highest:
A) Sodium B) Calcium C) Carbon D) Silicon
13. The temperature range in non-rotating chamber in the incineration of industrial and hazardous waste process is:
A) 350 – 1000oC B) 950 – 1300oC C) 1500 – 1700oC D) 500 – 900oC
14. Which is secondary pollutant:
A) Carbonic acid B) CO2 C) SO2 D) CO
15. Which gas is cause of asthma?
A) O3 B) O2 C) SO2 D) CO2
16. Fungicides are the pesticides which:
A) Control the growth of fungus B) Kill insects
C) Kill plants D) Kill Herbs
17. Which one of the following elements is a trace element?
A) Copper B) Nitrogen C) Sulphur D) Calcium
18. Which one is the most toxic?
A) Carbon B) CO C) CO2 D) SO2
19. Thickness of atmosphere is about how much kilometer above the surface of earth:
A) 1000 KM B) 10000 KM C) 100 KM D) Unlimited
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Name the factors which affect the quality of water.
2. What is chemical oxygen demand (COD). How it is measured?
3. What is biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)?
4. What is Acid Deposition? How does it affect the building materials?
5. What is acid rain? How does it affect the living organisms?
6. What is the effect of acid rain on earth?
7. What is smog? What are the contents of photochemical smog?
8. What do you about reducing smog and oxidizing smog?
9. Discuss photochemical smog and give its properties.
10. What are the conditions for the formation of smog?
11. Discuss detergents as water pollutants. (Detergents are threat to aquatic life. Explain.)
12. What are the primary pollutants? Also give their four names.
13. What are the secondary pollutants? Also give their three names.
14. What are primary pollutants and secondary pollutants in atmosphere?
15. How is oil spillage affecting the marina life?
16. How do Leather Tanneries pollute the water?
17. Define environmental Chemistry.
18. What are the components of Environment?
19. What are ecosphere (ecosystem and hydrosphere?)
20. Why “CO” carbon monoxide is highly poisonous gas.
21. What are main source of SO2 as air pollutants?
22. What is Landfill?
23. What is lithosphere?
24. Write the harmful effects of Chlorination of water.
25. Explain purification of water by use of coagulating agent.
26. What are the causes of water pollution?
27. What is the effect of aeration on quality of raw water?
LONG QUESTIONS
1. What is acid rain? How does it affect our environment?
2. What do you mean smog? Discuss its types and give condition formation of smog.
3. What will happen when concentration of ozone will decrease? Discuses ozone as blessing. How is it destroyed by CFCs.
30
4. Explain the process of incineration of industrial waste.
5. Write a note on recycling of waste.
6. How pesticides are dangerous to human beings. Comment.
7. Write a note oil spillage.
8. Name the components of environment. Give approximate composition of atmosphere and lithosphere
31

Chemistry Notes 12th

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IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST AFFECTIONATE AND THE MERCIFUL

❖ MCQ’S with solutions from exercises of PTBB.

PUNJAB GROUP OF COLLEGES

11. C-C bond length in benzene is?

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