CLASS CODE: 2827 SCHEDULE: 1:30-4:30 PM TH

ID NUMBER: 2192058 ; 2196474 ; 2192082

NAME: ESTRADA, JUSTINE LOUIS; MERCADO, REDEN CHRISTIAN; SIPAT, CHRIS ANGELBERT
ASSIGNED QUESTION/PROBLEM: PLATE 04 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
TWO-STOREY LIGHT MANUFACTURING BUILDING STRUCTURAL DESIGN

The group was inspired by a dairy factory elevation plan as shown in Figure 1 taken from
Amazon’s website (https://www.amazon.com/DAIRY-FACTORY-Elevation-Section-Milk-
Receiving/dp/B00CEYE51A?fbclid=IwAR152pA8cx4568wEIklaESAtGpMrmQwPev4uXZjndYw4-
M4WAj2wAEv8Eo).

FIGURE 1. Dairy Factory Elevation Plan

The group has come up with the following ground floor, second floor, and roof deck
plans after simplifying the original drafts through several revisions including the conversion of
units into the Metric System.
FIGURE 2. Ground Floor Plan

FIGURE3. Second Floor Plan

FIGURE 4. Roof Deck Plan

STRUCTURAL SCHEDULES

Some of the values for the following schedules are based on the provided structural
plans and some are based on the designer’s preferences—are based on feasible and the
usual assumptions.

TABLE 1. Elevations

Levels Storey Height (m)

Footing to 1 Floor
st 1.8
1 Floor to 2 Floor
st nd 3.0
2 Floor to Roof Deck
nd 2.7

TABLE 2. Support Structure Dimensions

Structure Dimensions (mm)

Beam 1 (Depth x Width) 450 x 300
Beam 2 (Depth x Width) 400 x 300
Columns (Length x Width) 400 x 400
Slab (Thickness) 150
Footing (Thickness) 400
DETERMINATION OF GOVERNING COLUMNS
Each column per floor from the sample frames is checked to be able to get the columns
with the most critical loadings. These columns are considered as the governing beams that
are then designed using Method A for Columns Subjected to Compression and Uniaxial
Bending to satisfy the needed adequacy of the section. This method was chosen because
the designer specified a specific column dimension of 400 x 400 mm (refer to Table 2 from
Plate 01).
The group used the loading values from the first plate (structural analysis) in coming up
with the necessary design considerations in this plate. These values were taken from the most
critical combination using the Basic Load Combinations from the 2015 NSCP. The group
combined the vertical loads above the columns and its self-weight to compute the total
compressive force to be used in the design. In this manner, a proper transmission of loads is
allowed and followed because it respects the gravitational principle of flow from the topmost
loads up to the foundation. That is why the group proceeded from the second-floor columns
down to the first-floor ones.

Second Floor Columns

Grid B/C – Member BC: (GOVERNING MU)
𝑘𝑁
PDL = 38.114 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 3 (2.7 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 48.3092 𝑘𝑁
𝑚
PLL = 39.450 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 22.31 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 31.70 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(48.3092 𝑘𝑁) = 67.63288 𝑘𝑁
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(48.3092 𝑘𝑁) + 1.6(39.450) = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒌𝑵
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(22.31) = 31.234 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(22.31) + 1.6(31.70) = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟒𝟗𝟐 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎

Grid B/C – Member DE:

𝑘𝑁
PDL = 37.167 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 (2.7 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 47.3622 𝑘𝑁
𝑚3
PLL = 42.200 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 24.44 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 25.53 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(47.3622) = 66.30708 𝑘𝑁
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(47.3622) + 1.6(42.200) = 𝟏𝟐𝟒. 𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑵
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(24.44) = 34.216 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(24.44) + 1.6(25.53) = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟔 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎

Grid 2 – Member BC:

𝑘𝑁
PDL = 16.127 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 (2.7 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 26.3222 𝑘𝑁
𝑚3
PLL = 0.5386 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 0.637 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 8.41 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(26.3222) = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟖𝟓𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒌𝑵
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(26.3222) + 1.6(0.5386) = 32.4484 𝑘𝑁
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(0.637) = 0.8918 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(0.637) + 1.6(8.41) = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟒 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎
Grid 2 – Member DE: (GOVERNING PU)
𝑘𝑁
PDL = 4.0829 𝑘𝑁 + 37.695 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 (2.7 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 51.9731 𝑘𝑁
𝑚3
PLL = 15.864 𝑘𝑁 + 42.377 𝑘𝑁 = 58.241 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 20.151 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 19.559 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(51.9731) = 72.76234 𝑘𝑁
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(51.9731) + 1.6(58.241) = 𝟏𝟓𝟓. 𝟓𝟓𝟑𝟑𝟐 𝒌𝑵
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(20.151) = 28.2114 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(20.151) + 1.6(19.559) = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟔 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎

Grid 2 – Member HI:

𝑘𝑁
PDL = 37.664 𝑘𝑁 + 4.2696 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 (2.7 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 52.1288 𝑘𝑁
𝑚3
PLL = 33.458 𝑘𝑁 + 6.952 𝑘𝑁 = 40.41 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 20.487 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 12.68 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(52.1288) = 72.98032 𝑘𝑁
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(52.1288) + 1.6(40.41) = 𝟏𝟐𝟕. 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟔 𝒌𝑵
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(20.487) = 28.6818 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(20.487) + 1.6(12.68) = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟖𝟕𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎

Grid 2 – Member JK:

𝑘𝑁
PDL = 15.94 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 (2.7 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 26.1352 𝑘𝑁
𝑚3
PLL = 9.4505 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 0.3735 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 4.011 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(26.1352) = 36.58928 𝑘𝑁
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(26.1352) + 1.6(9.4505) = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟒𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟒 𝒌𝑵
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(0.3735) = 0.5229 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(0.3735) + 1.6(4.011) = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟔𝟓𝟖 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎

First Floor Columns

Grid B/C – Member AB: (GOVERNING MU)

𝑘𝑁
PDL = 48.3092 𝑘𝑁 + 40.331 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 3 (4.4 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 105.2546 𝑘𝑁
𝑚
PLL = 39.45 𝑘𝑁 + 33.92 𝑘𝑁 = 73.37 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 8.3158 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 7.4300 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(105.2546) = 147.35644 𝑘𝑁
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(105.2546) + 1.6(73.37) = 𝟐𝟒𝟑. 𝟔𝟗𝟕𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑵
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(8.3158) = 11.64212 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(8.3158) + 1.6(7.4300) = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟔𝟔𝟗𝟔 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎
Grid B/C – Member EF:
𝑘𝑁
PDL = (47.3622 + 36.444 + 13.309 + 10.3215) 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 (4.4 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 124.0511 𝑘𝑁
𝑚3
PLL = (42.200 + 38.65 + 0.317 + 10.4081) 𝑘𝑁 = 91.5751 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 3.2455 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 3.00 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(124.0511) = 173.67154 𝑘𝑁
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(124.0511) + 1.6(91.5751) = 𝟐𝟗𝟓. 𝟑𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟖 𝒌𝑵
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(3.2455) = 4.5437 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(3.2455) + 1.6(3.00) = 𝟖. 𝟔𝟗𝟒𝟔 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎

Grid B/C – Member GH:

𝑘𝑁
PDL = (15.683 + 10.3215) 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 (4.4 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 42.6189 𝑘𝑁
𝑚3
PLL = (0.32 + 10.4081) 𝑘𝑁 = 10.7281𝑘𝑁
MDL = 14.094 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 2.342 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(42.6189) = 59.66646 𝑘𝑁
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(42.6189) + 1.6(10.7281) = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟑𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑵
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(14.094) = 19.7316 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(14.094) + 1.6(2.342) = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎

Grid 2 – Member AB:

𝑘𝑁
PDL = (26.3222 + 15.396) 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 (4.4 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 58.3326 𝑘𝑁
𝑚3
PLL = (0.5386 + 2.4703) 𝑘𝑁 = 3.0089 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 0.3608 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 0.0866 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(58.3326) = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟓𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑵
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(58.3326) + 1.6(3.0089) = 74.81336 𝑘𝑁
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(0.3608) = 0.50512 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(0.3608) + 1.6(0.0866) = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎

Grid 2 – Member EF: (GOVERNING PU)

𝑘𝑁
PDL = (51.9731 + 5.9507 + 38.836 + 10.3215) 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 3
(4.4 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 123.6957 𝑘𝑁
𝑚
PLL = (58.241 + 12.11 + 33.896 + 10.4081) 𝑘𝑁 = 114.6551 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 6.5931 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 5.988 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(123.6957) = 173.17398 𝑘𝑁
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(123.6957) + 1.6(114.6551) = 𝟑𝟑𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟑 𝒌𝑵
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(6.5931) = 9.23034 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(6.5931) + 1.6(5.988) = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎

Grid 2 – Member GH:

𝑘𝑁
PDL = (52.1288 + 38.811 + 6.0897 + 10.3215) 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 (4.4 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 123.9654 𝑘𝑁
𝑚3
PLL = (40.41 + 33.516 + 11.417 + 10.4081) 𝑘𝑁 = 95.7511 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 6.4979 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 7.587 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
 1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(123.9654) = 173.55156 𝑘𝑁
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(123.9654) + 1.6(95.7511) = 𝟑𝟎𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑵
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(6.4979) = 9.09706 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(6.4979) + 1.6(7.587) = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟗𝟑𝟔𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎

Grid 2 – Member KL:

𝑘𝑁
PDL = (26.1352 + 15.257) 𝑘𝑁 + 23.6 (4.4 𝑚)(0.4𝑚)2 = 58.0066 𝑘𝑁
𝑚3
PLL = (9.4505 + 3.1633) 𝑘𝑁 = 12.6138 𝑘𝑁
MDL = 0.2513 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
MLL = 1.3393 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
1 → PU = 1.4PDL = 1.4(58.0066) = 81.20924 𝑘𝑁
2 → PU = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL = 1.2(58.0066) + 1.6(12.6138) = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟗 𝒌𝑵
1 → MU = 1.4MDL = 1.4(0.2513) = 0.35182 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2 → MU = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL = 1.2(0.2513) + 1.6(1.3393) = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎

The group, after analyzing, has decided to use Grid 2 – Members EF and DE and Grid
B/C – Members AB and BC as the representative columns in this columnar design plate. The
PU values of Grid 2 – Members EF and DE govern for the first and second floors, respectively
while the MU values of Grid B/C – Members AB and BC govern for each respective floor. The
design of the chosen columns will govern the rest of the less critical members of each floor.

SUMMARY OF GOVERNING VALUES

Floor PU, kN MU, kN-m
First 331.883 (G2-MEF) 21.86696 (GB/C-MAB)
Second 155.55332 (G2-MDE) 77.492 (GB/C-MBC)

DESIGN OF GOVERNING COLUMNS

First-Floor Columns
Properties:
b = 400 mm fc’ = 21 MPa d’ = 65 mm
h = 400 mm fy = 420 MPa β1 = 0.85 (2015 NSCP Table 422.2.2.4.3)

Loads:
PU = 331.883 kN MU = 21.86696 kN-m

Solution:

400

400

6 6

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 4400
𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑒: = = 11 < 12 ∴ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 400
 400 − 2(65)
𝛾= = 0.675 → ∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉 𝑨. 𝟗 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑨. 𝟏𝟎.
400

𝑃𝑈 331.883𝑥103
𝐾𝑛 = = = 0.1519610806
𝜙𝑓𝑐′𝐴𝑔 0.65(21)(400)2
𝑀𝑈 21.86696𝑥106
𝑅𝑛 = = = 0.02503086081
𝜙𝑓𝑐′𝐴𝑔 ℎ 0.65(21)(400)3

From Interaction Diagrams:

Graph A.9:
 Graph A.10:

Since the gross steel ratio falls below the minimum 0.01, the group should proceed with the
minimum value ρg = 0.01 to satisfy the 2015 NSCP provision and to be more economical
without compromising the stability of the columns.
 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝜌𝐴𝑔 = 0.01(400)2 = 1600 𝑚𝑚2
1600
Try D20mm bars: 𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 0.25𝜋(20)2 = 5.092958179 𝑝𝑐𝑠 ≈ 6 𝑝𝑐𝑠
1600
Try D25mm bars: 𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 0.25𝜋(25)2 = 3.259493235 𝑝𝑐𝑠 ≈ 4 𝑝𝑐𝑠
∴ 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝟒𝐃𝟐𝟓𝐦𝐦 𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬.

Since the diameter of the longitudinal bars are less than 32 mm, use D10mm for the lateral
ties. To know if the bars would fit, check the clear spacing.

400 − 2(40) − 2(10) − 2(25) > 𝑑𝑏

𝑆𝑐 = = 250 𝑚𝑚 > 25 → ∴ 𝑂𝐾!
1 > 4/3 𝑀𝑆𝐴
𝑆𝑐 = 250 𝑚𝑚 > 150 𝑚𝑚 → ∴ 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔.

Check adequacy:

𝑑 ′ = 𝐶𝐶 + 𝑑𝑣 + 0.5𝑑𝑏 = 40 + 10 + 0.5(25) = 62.5 𝑚𝑚

𝑑 = 400 − 62.5 = 337.5 𝑚𝑚

600
𝑐𝑏 = (337.5) = 198.5294118 𝑚𝑚
600 + 420
𝑎𝑏 = 𝛽1 𝑐 = 0.85(198.5294118) = 168.75 𝑚𝑚
′
198.5294118 − 62.5 ′
𝑓𝑠1 = 600 ( ) = 411.1111 𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝑓𝑦 ∴ 𝑓𝑠1 ≠ 𝑓𝑦
198.5294118
′
200 − 198.5294118 ′
𝑓𝑠2 = 600 ( ) = 4.4444 𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝑓𝑦 ∴ 𝑓𝑠2 ≠ 𝑓𝑦
198.5294118
𝜋 𝜋
𝑃𝑛𝑏 = 0.85(21)(168.75)(400) + 2 ( ) (25)2 (411.1111) − 2 ( ) (25)2 (411.1111) = 1205.589 𝑘𝑁
4 4
𝜋
𝑀𝑛𝑏 = 0.85(21)(168.75)(400)(200 − 0.5(168.75)) + 2 ( ) (25)2 (411.1111)(200 − 62.5)
4
𝜋 2
+ 2 ( ) (25) (4.4444)(337.5 − 200) = 195.4922011 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
4
 𝑀𝑛𝑏 195.4922011𝑥103
𝑒𝑏 = = = 162.154931 𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝑛𝑏 1205.589
𝑀𝑈 21.86696x103
𝑒= = = 65.88755676 𝑚𝑚 < 𝑒𝑏 → ∴ 𝑓𝑠 < 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑐 > 𝑐𝑏
𝑃𝑈 331.883

Check required c:
331.883x103 𝜋 600(𝑐−62.5) 𝜋 600(200−𝑐)
= 0.85(21)(0.85𝑐 )(400) + 2 ( 4 ) (25)2 ( ) − 2 ( ) (25)2 ( )
0.65 𝑐 4 𝑐
𝑐 = 113.8325186 𝑚𝑚 < 𝑐𝑏 → ∴ 𝑂𝐾 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 > 𝑐𝑏 !

Final Design of First-Floor Columns:

Second-Floor Columns
Properties:
b = 400 mm fc’ = 21 MPa d’ = 65 mm
h = 400 mm fy = 420 MPa β1 = 0.85 (2015 NSCP Table 422.2.2.4.3)
Loads:
PU = 155.55332 kN MU = 77.492 kN-m
Solution:
400

400

6 6
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 3000
𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑒: = = 7.5 < 12 ∴ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 400

400 − 2(65)
𝛾= = 0.675 → ∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉 𝑨. 𝟗 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑨. 𝟏𝟎.
400

𝑃𝑈 155.55332𝑥103
𝐾𝑛 = = = 0.07122404762
𝜙𝑓𝑐′𝐴𝑔 0.65(21)(400)2
 𝑀𝑈 77.492𝑥106
𝑅𝑛 = = = 0.08870421245
𝜙𝑓𝑐′𝐴𝑔 ℎ 0.65(21)(400)3

From Interaction Diagrams:

Graph A.9:
 Graph A.10:

Since the gross steel ratio falls below the minimum 0.01, the group should proceed with the
minimum value ρg = 0.01 to satisfy the 2015 NSCP provision and to be more economical
without compromising the stability of the columns.

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝜌𝐴𝑔 = 0.01(400)2 = 1600 𝑚𝑚2

1600
Try D20mm bars: 𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 0.25𝜋(20)2 = 5.092958179 𝑝𝑐𝑠 ≈ 6 𝑝𝑐𝑠
 1600
Try D25mm bars: 𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 0.25𝜋(25)2 = 3.259493235 𝑝𝑐𝑠 ≈ 4 𝑝𝑐𝑠
∴ 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝟒𝐃𝟐𝟓𝐦𝐦 𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬.

Since the diameter of the longitudinal bars are less than 32 mm, use D10mm for the lateral
ties. To know if the bars would fit, check the clear spacing.

400 − 2(40) − 2(10) − 2(25) > 𝑑𝑏

𝑆𝑐 = = 250 𝑚𝑚 > 25 → ∴ 𝑂𝐾!
1 > 4/3 𝑀𝑆𝐴
𝑆𝑐 = 250 𝑚𝑚 > 150 𝑚𝑚 → ∴ 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔.

Check adequacy:

𝑑 ′ = 𝐶𝐶 + 𝑑𝑣 + 0.5𝑑𝑏 = 40 + 10 + 0.5(25) = 62.5 𝑚𝑚

𝑑 = 400 − 62.5 = 337.5 𝑚𝑚
600
𝑐𝑏 = (337.5) = 198.5294118 𝑚𝑚
600 + 420
𝑎𝑏 = 𝛽1 𝑐 = 0.85(198.5294118) = 168.75 𝑚𝑚
′
198.5294118 − 62.5 ′
𝑓𝑠1 = 600 ( ) = 411.1111 𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝑓𝑦 ∴ 𝑓𝑠1 ≠ 𝑓𝑦
198.5294118
′
200 − 198.5294118 ′
𝑓𝑠2 = 600 ( ) = 4.4444 𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝑓𝑦 ∴ 𝑓𝑠2 ≠ 𝑓𝑦
198.5294118
𝜋 𝜋
𝑃𝑛𝑏 = 0.85(21)(168.75)(400) + 2 ( ) (25)2 (411.1111) − 2 ( ) (25)2 (411.1111) = 1205.589 𝑘𝑁
4 4
𝜋
𝑀𝑛𝑏 = 0.85(21)(168.75)(400)(200 − 0.5(168.75)) + 2 ( ) (25)2 (411.1111)(200 − 62.5)
4
𝜋 2
+ 2 ( ) (25) (4.4444)(337.5 − 200) = 195.4922011 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
4
𝑀𝑛𝑏 195.4922011𝑥103
𝑒𝑏 = = = 162.154931 𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝑛𝑏 1205.589
𝑀𝑈 77.492x103
𝑒= = = 498.1700166 𝑚𝑚 > 𝑒𝑏 → ∴ 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑐 < 𝑐𝑏
𝑃𝑈 155.55332
 Check required c:
155.55332𝑥103 𝜋 𝜋 600(200−𝑐)
= 0.85(21)(0.85𝑐 )(400) + 2 ( 4 ) (25)2 (420) − 2 (4 ) (25)2 ( )
0.65 𝑐
𝑐 = 90.03479658 𝑚𝑚 < 𝑐𝑏 → ∴ 𝑂𝐾!

Final Design of Second-Floor Columns:

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