be Bs ie ) | VoUr mequiation of the transmission Une | oie relation with rigactive Powe — yee qe eee ate TE way be dstived ac the pert oil change in the candi end vorage maagui tds shen a cpeatic varualion im joad cusuint. Vewatty lk reeprecents The vartiaHon in the meceiving end vonage {rom wo lomd fo fui jood and is cauced by the Arvop ~ voltage dus to passage bt load curvoeak throw TH link impedance. bMathemak cally » 1t way be written as (ab) . telat AiG) Aves ra a Vv / zy et IX) is Sour ot lead Fa A Simpl, transmission Line wodel : a Faow the phasor Magram (dvavwn im fia ) the 2xpression may be wrtihen A& BV] (S4+Viee tee —® where T ia the load cworent Throw, Te Une and 2 is the fine impedance (ie. Rt *Assuming >» Vag the ree fertencs phasor , 1t— | way be Woiten as | y*_ P18 | y lntehiv Meee. tad ® Nv Substituting the valaa. af T and zy (= Retjx.) Weare ®, Th may oe Hewritten 2s Av = (Pa 4)x £38. (etjne) [ — &P+4+x 98 ) xaP- RQ = oe tt aed he eee ies Vv ) Vv @ = Av’ 4jav" aes) Now, Ta. P+ XQ ~ Av = = ond sav" = XP BB Vv From eqn (), it way be seem Thak the volta ge requiation AV Consists of two Components Av! and AV", Where Av’ is aw phase With Vand Av” ia im quadaatyure with v. 7, «—— Av fig Phaser Ha gran of The power System Shown above Here, Av’ which, ig in phace with v ,has been Hepresented by We geome Line tab’ and Avil thak is iw quad vatwee with Vis Meprecented by the Line acl © we waaguaitade amd phase o[- Vv, ralotive +o the sending tnd volrage E , ate governed by tha waguitrcls awa phase St the we cwuenk Ls Paom this, 1 m4 be Udarly | varie thal the volraqe ragulakon Arpande om both the Kead and rmeactivea Powenis a the load Counccted Ab the Mecaivin ge Bnd. Voltage 2huaton for a lossless line s— The voltage equahion fov o loesless Une may be expressed by modifying ths Lquakion @, PERE Ga? Ve E-jTX rao)rN Now, Pec ORGA thal the power ab the Sending end equals to thar ab the receiving Lud, Te the ¢endiug-egnd CGuvint- (because, this Ve 2qual to linge wetent T, when distributed line Capacitance is weglicted) is given by t P38 Te (=P )-e a} 152) == @ From equs (7) and (6), ae dom -aiied fa8 Newby ( fas Xp ae it 1 = ae ako Lael calidad sou * rye eG fe ® Q) From eq 6), it ig sean thal P produces Uitle etfeet on the Meceivi and Ea phasor [os tha drop associahed with this | change Te tn quadrabsm with the vefenence | vonage J. ©) However, a change in meachve power load Q appretiably & feets the Ts caiwing end voliage phaser cinco the doop acsocdiahkes with this change 1s im phase with the referents vom ge . NoTe The reseeiving end vonage ig extremely sencitive to ae change in Meachive, power Stotus The neceiving Laed'-bus,, @ Representation of The voltage nequiaHen in storms of short-Grudt strength at the systum ‘- : sae The recat ving- end short Circuit power is given oo Cin ite Complex fowm) ve eet eh Pee 1) See Tae Ze Wharce ae 3 Pa aa ae @ Now, Deh , EMV, . Coie 7 8 ce : Mo gin Pee a) St - ents The angle batween The wd) and thi” short Ry = \Zul see = Ben iexe Jaane who Cree Hepes: vouiage ak he rect Ving g Civeni awit. Chee = tow! Xe — © se Rae Now, cubsh Paling therwvals ab Ry and Xr from . — RePX GB 4 X= RB), eqn OQ and @ iw wee a ree St Nim ~ NE -ensepe). PY gy : Or} —- Usg,. Ave Sse ec pee ee heehee: See Fee Vv V. { Geno [Peo yar iets tee VEE Pec —Seersq} | ee * But, tt is known that Av = ‘av jaw!Real fart) SACS) . AV : ° ay 2 ee Pins cc + 9S" Pee) ey fab A, Rave (2) ny Ses ound ue etnias ( Peinerge- 948 Re) —® ce From eq @ and ®, iF may be Mawr ihen Thar , © AV Ne an important component of Av Hee is Mecponscible for alrening the wmaaguitade of the volrage ok the raving nd bus. ® Ov the othot hand , Ay" may be ignored as VE 42cnde” to yield owly a Phase displacement in the Hociving and vo 2 with respect Ho the sending end volage. : Equ ) may forthe be written fe The forme oF AME eas i Tle eee ea a oni hee age @ tu ENV Bnecs the Une tesistante is frequent neqleeted and hence 2g¢u (4) turns ovt to be Av’ es ome fs lee gL oF he) ae for Smal pentwtbahens, zy @) Nay Woe wWrillew as ‘Sale eeA. rae ——_—_—— Storenattr , Ai Mls OUI eis AGL |e. Ae GrT fey Ss a Ze + AS a aha wousecre: © Sse ; Lagecting & | en large, Siw Pee = las Hews, aque (0) finally becomes ‘9 _@ 4 WANE | ANG ecbemARONS sc. © aces We NA See ii Thus, in a losclecs tnamewmicetaon Cyshem, the pet wwe voUra ge change Wer the wecoivi Ra, BOS) is equal to the nMaHo of change ue TRachve power Stabus to the Showt Granit Strength ar that bvue. Futthen foow eqn ®, Ay In a a a te eX Vo p [where Siu Get] Nels = Nig! oS £ a & 8 = = Biel e egy oe av ® Maprecents the approximale talahenship bebwoeen the voUrage ab RoE Ce LG en) ae tha peacttve power im tetme Of- Shost —Grut De goa eePreble @ A loOkm , ALO KV fnanamiceion Line hos suactamee {026 the [km per phase and reactance of asf. of the Une reactance Bee He supply voltage | phase when the Load cele ph # @ wily © 0-8 tay - Ascume 0 peavey deamtfor of BoOMW . fe Prom the ae data, v= 400 2 2BIKV fe Sir. = p.2e x [00 = 20 chew C ohm pagan) meri? | Aepuree = = 4 iy bagfeideha too HE FPA RES cor (Lead) > 1-0 eed = Prctangd = 0 stomp = Of Hone, ye 2 VA jt Cuan) gsix ie tsa. Fo ( 26 + 6-26) ai eel schoo ES ) NSU. xX 326(0x0; elaine - SepR00i pO he byt A B ¢ Aoonie® Bm = 28+ 3 BG. 084 = 923.8 (8:80 kV Pele | 2k ee = ular KY 2 08 Bee eh, guony cone Come) Qe Rotwbd = bro MVAR Pe by 4 BO + Es 2 z Pra eee io pV. Xa xP, eh. 3 tie She SP 2 - & asteicy + peeeees < b0018, Sete cattne aa = 1 See alo 3 2, BS hOe > 24.0560 xl +i 36.0433 xIo" = 259-0666 KI 4 5 3. OF2R KI” isco, sto Pipe = (260565 x B)kV : yee 3 kV pen © WAU trae ak Road cle pt OF be ke h sn, ye | CO cide vodtage ic approri maalily by 123 while fee fue receiving tnd oa fact of 0-8 tag, the Cource ide voltage es phen hce ee eye The pore» aloo amcakated {agi Seaman eQ find The Capadty sto Stahic vaR Lemp SA | oD be insted aba bus With rsh vou finctuahion. The Shrt Gvini Capaihy is Seoo MvA- Ac: Coy THE switching Sh static Chunk Conpencaber, Av = Volrage ttucthahhon AQ = each ve powen vardahon— | (Vee th sige eE tme Wo mapensahor) Reo = byetewns Most circuit Capacity Gin, Av = AS “ Sse_ Perec AQ = Av x Sec . | AQ = + (0-05 x Sp0o) = 4250 MAR : 7 Tha Capacity of the ctaHic VAR Compensaly ig +250 MVAR - ; B) Ta O Hadia) tramsmission system, the piu. valnes . ane wafected to len MvA base and the voltage - bases as Shown im Fig below. Piad the pf oh the qentater ar which it showd openale. (Assume Velo pu) e To suhgwid Aus ! Ve Trees co eas) ort | me 2P | ea ‘ : ae load bs p-os poate [6 ae A -vedial) ty audniscion eye ein aMe the load bus Pe OS HOD SOF pu- Ge OS4O 2 OF pu. locs im transformant oe receiving bus |tota) Ix jand Une = mg . ret Xune) Ve = oP x OS) BIO FA, |p: Mel @ 5 084024 = os4 pu (demand) Cite Prot pu. And = Planer, hence Se ee ea a F iP ei UF = tan! (0184 28) = 40-13° 2 ph o(naguiveed) = tis 401s") 2 0465 | ; | he gener aby operates atk oF65 pf fa): 4 } heros power trowsfent Te are Lntowpensaled Uae 3t— Previaneltiu a tomagecbes ict “RAIS Lvs seer eins Ze sind | | Now, the power How im amy Une is giver by | 4 Evcin& % £ c a. | — © ecu sea aequ. is 1 LXpression 12. Pa a SinS ond is valked for Syuchtonous loade ac well ac asynchronous loods And also where EFV. : ph Rae or) ae wer swe Th The temo) res One ria aot Power trancmri ted 1S frnetow of Apeied Ow qu: &. TM eave Ye (Say), 2qu.0 Way be Mapresented iu the toms at Pe Wael Sen gaps : Sting os Moke Sins — a Herne , x Mopresents ttre sic (ie. Pe). Bub Zee ft ond B= PL= wie pum] “Bein = Zod = wll = x, rE ar VE write = ore fBeshohger = 4S »°% Ble Hie PPP pag Hon, Velocity- _1 | Equaton © bow boromeg : p=. Evsing 2 Eee. s Zpcin B x4 L bhetome P pa ele ee Soret (fev a Soke Sychem), | |oF qo" HD Fig PS profile ota power Une- The above Fique tupres ents tne profile of- Pye So TH States throat cuceeceful power valde awa pike. MUs.S ueaghes 4D", be beyond f= ADs Her System Stele aS atfecteda+ Here, S= Ao rapresents Pee ateady atole stabiGdty uit and the Power transfor Te mortimunm ab this pout. tt CedeTh a two bys Hadia) power Transmission Sys 0:8 PU: sf meal power is lacing transfeined from the Sending to The macedvin, 2nd bus. Th the pu. Hosatonce OF the Une is 1.00 pus | resistawie being wg lacted , plot the profil of the powet aural fre different Oputahug— bus voltages atthe nalid powen lve), assumi the MeLiving 2nd lous voUrage a ha Uucoutrolled Ond Tha volrage maguituds of the senci end bus Constont ab 100 pu. Ets uc Tf S lee the power angle > fo ths rated Power a Abe EL AR Gece ee Mee and V Phe netriving 2nd Nee ond % The reactance af the “Une , then Sing = fox | , Ev | GWE SB np Pity. ee Wo, Bin WES IDB, ~ Ch T= PO RaRa ae, 1x0? 3. Oa, Se aor Wher, veo.q, SinS = 08*1 2'-D-888 1X04 WS = 24a WOR ANSE Days SSS hee eek OF SagSe 4bbS cind = O.8x) bb | ran Cee $= Alear® me JRO PA eee \' vCpe) | The above figures po precenks the pol of- | Sve V power How FF OB pu x —-peteet | ouch al, diflenenr pacsiving 2nd) volrages : Prom toncludert thal with era bus vourage magnitnds ob The reecaivi und, powest angle Aveo oases (ie. te cleady stale ctability wmroor giv wpe ve“Line loadability ¢—- Cee The power trae fert capability aE Aramenricsion Burs ts atferted by vedad powert nections and Ap pologien) changes for au hv foram emaic stot Sythe + The noda) Strength (or, the Short chrenit Capacity) We the wodad jwdicator ot vo bustness TE any powes haloork: THiS the Invense Ff— The positive Stqusmte equivalent inpedanca(tn pu When Seen fr the hods Consideneel ck = + is Fig Schematic 3f a Simple power Line model. The above figuoce Mepresents A cilnaple form BL powen supply syctem 5 being presented by On equivalent 7% network . The expression of Une loadability ($) tn pu. quantities may be Asvived Vu tetme S[- the surge Inapedanco loading (st) amd le given a3 SolShe Jee ie Seat) Zz e"hay When the syekerm voltage is held ab its nominal Value iu prt Duit , The above qu a) way he writen as Cee aves a Whate Zp being ths Swige impedance . Rico, Fe (te chanachemishic Or Swige te pe = aE) -6 y (re propagakon Constant) = % JP = Je Ye —4 where 2p and Ye ace the Benes Vuspedaute and Chunt admittance per phase .% the atlerualhton Crnitank And e be the phase Conctourtk + Prom basic power Sysheus tye 2xApression af— Mectiving end power (se) may he giver by Se= fatj8e = vot Paks. ee Ey gee |e 2 = Igieeeoey = oe Sage EY. ©. Wher aU The Quankthes ane iu pu uaAib, the Sat ere ere yernne Ser= Pat} Re = ve" Q whe £3 she i |ner ea power Wy bo Entei ae cal) SE ya Go = -2V— =e Vy ane ( ] a= SIL At 2) a o(e/v)-2— (2eSinh¥L) (2/29 tanh “7 Wa es Ae ee So =e) F 2 ZeStnhyL 26 fresco e (rr = eee ize Sim h¥L —— ® Cox the gives values af E,V and L (Une length) (se/sit_) becomes the funcHon 3f- the poopagaki Constant ¥ and The naho (%, aiy)s NroTE ! As the series mecistamee R Bp the EHV transmis -on Lines 16 normally much Smoatlen than ite \uduchve meackowe2 X> The atbenuabtom constant (4) 1s very Sma and tha prop ahon Constant (¥) approaches te prace conctant CjP). @® Alco, surg tupedauce lacing a read oa en ce = Ze. Now, The previous equation (4) Meaduus to Seo” = Gasp oie =D ee lv \ Uhere a7 wo e bet m8 a ivarh ce 7h