A RECAP ON SOURCE-FREE RESPONSE: (natural response or zero input response)

Procedure to get natural response of RL, RC circuits

1. Find the equivalent circuit (simplify the circuit to Req and C or Req and L).
2. Find the initial conditions: initial current I0 through the equivalent inductor (or initial
voltage V0 across the equivalent capacitor).
3. Find the time constant of the circuit by the values of the equivalent R and L (or C)
4. Write the equation for the solution (iL(t) or vc(t)).
5. Other variables can then be computed based on the circuit connection
iL(t)= I0 e-t/τ where τ=L/Req.
(or vC(t)=V0 e-t/τ where τ=Req.C in an R-C circuit)
 Driven or Forced response of RL and RC circuits
The source may be a Step function or a ramp or a
sinusoidal function of time.
The response of a given circuit depends on the type
of input. Here we consider zero initial conditions to
understand the forced or driven response alone,
with zero initial energy.
This response is also known as zero state response
 The Step Response of RL and RC Circuits
The Step reponse is the response of a circuit to the sudden
application of a constant voltage or current source, describing the
charging behavior of the circuit.
Step (charging) response and natural (discharging) response show
how the signal in a digital circuit switches between Low and High with
time.
Continuous-Time Unit Step Signal
The unit step signal which is defined for every instant of time is
known as continuous-time unit step signal. The continuous-time
unit step signal is denoted by u(t).
Mathematically, the continuous-time unit step signal u(t) is defined
as follows −
Other forms of unit step function
Driven response of a RC circuit with zero initial condition {Vc(0) is zero.}
Note: inductor voltage: a) 0 V, b)-40V, c) 0 V and d) -22V
31st May