Lecture Notes

on
Measurements
Chap.5:The static characteristics of
instruments
by
 Professor Dr. Ahmed Sayed Hassan
 Office: 2st Floor of the Arts and Humanities Building
 E-mail: ashassan7@yahoo.com
 Mobile: 0552028379
 Professor of Turbomachinery,
 Mech. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering,
Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
 Accuracy and Precision
➢ Accuracy: is the closeness of agreement
between a measured value and the true value.
➢ Accuracy error is formally defined as the
measured value minus the true value.
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 −𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
Relative Accuracy (%) = 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 ×100
Precision refers to how close measurements of the
same quantity are to each other
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥.𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝑀𝑖𝑛.𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
Relative Precision (%) = (𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟/
𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)×100
EX: A voltmeter is used for reading on a standard
value of 100 volts,
the following readings are obtained:
105, 103, 105, 103, 104, Volt
Calculate the precision and the accuracy of
theses measurements:
Solution
The average of the measurements
(105+103+105+103+104)/5=104
Accuracy = Measured Value-True value 104-100=4 Volt
Precision=Max Reading-Min Reading=105-103 = 2 Volt
 Resolution
• The smallest amount of input signal change that the
instrument can detect reliably
▪ In terms of a measurement system, it is quantified
by the smallest scale increment or the least count
(least significant digit) of the output readout
indicator
▪ Using a car speedometer as an example, this has
subdivisions of typically 20 km/h.
▪ This means that when the needle is between the
scale markings, we cannot estimate speed more
accurately than to the nearest 5 km/h
 Hysteresis
• The difference in reading depending on whether the value of
measured quantity is approached above or below System is
free of hysteresis will produce the same reading irrespective
of whither the reading has been achieved by increasing or
decreasing
• Hysteresis is the difference between two separate
measurements taken at the same point, the first is taken
during a series of increasing measurement values, and the
other during a series of decreasing measurement values
• The hysteresis is come from Friction, Elastic deformation and
magnetic field
 Thank You
and
see you in the next
lecture
Inshaa ALLAH