CLO (1): Demonstrate an understanding of the mechanical measurements.

1. Define the instruments:

The firm requirements of precise and accurate measurements in the technological fields have, led to
the development of mechanical.

2. Define direct measurement and give an examples

Ans.: The value of the physical parameter is determined by comparing it directly with different
standards
Example: mass, length and time

3. Define indirect measurement give an examples

Ans.: The value of the physical parameter is more generally determined by indirect comparison with
the secondary standards through calibration .
Example:
i. The measurement is converting into an analogous signal which subsequently process and fed to
the end device at present the result of measurement.
ii. The convergent of pressure into displacement by means of be allows and the convergent of force
into displacement.
iii. Pressure measurement by manometer and the temperature measurement by mercury in glass tube
thermometer.
iv. The measurement of static pressure by boundary tube pressure gauge is a typical example of
tertiary measurement.

4. Define, state the function and classify the transducers

Ans.: Definition of transduces: It is a small device that converts any physical quantity into
measurable electrical signals and vice versa.

Functions of Transducers:
•Detects or senses the present and changes in physical quantity being measured.
•Provided a proportional output signal.

Classification of transducers: Transducers are broadly classified into Three groups:

i. Classification based on Power Source
➢ Active transducers (self-generating type)
➢ Passive transducers (Externally powered)

ii. Classification based on type of Output

➢ Analog Transducer
➢ Digital Transducer

iii. Classification based on the electrical principle involved

➢ Variable resistance type
➢ –Variable inductance type
➢ –Variable capacitance type
➢ –Voltage generating type
➢ –Voltage divider type

5. Define and state how to measure the displacement:

Ans.: A small change in position of an object from one point to another.
Measurement of displacement: It can be measured by:

6. Displacement can be measured by both mechanical and electrical methods,

 Ans.

7. What are the measurements of mechanical engineering?

a) Involves measuring force, displacement, temperature
b) Involves thermocouples, pressure transducers, etc.
c) All of the above
d) None of the above
8. What are the basic of mechanical measurements?
a) Lengths of various magnitudes are measured with a standard ruler or tape measure.
b) Small lengths are measured with a more precise device called a micrometer
c) Cylinder or spherical diameters are measured with Vernier calipers.
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

9. Mention the instruments can be used for flow measurement

Measurement of fluid velocity, flow rate and flow quantity with varying degree of accuracy or a
fundamental necessity in almost all the flow situations of engineering
Instruments: Variable-area meters (Venture), Rotameter, Magnetic, Ultrasonic, Turbine flow meter,
hot-wire anemometer, Laser Doppler anemometer, Orifice flow meter, Velocity probes, Nozzle flow
meter, Static pressure probes &Total pressure probes, Magnetic flow meter (depends up on the faradays
law of electromagnetic induction), Ultrasonic flow meter.

10. Mention the instruments can be used for speed measurement

Mechanical tachometers, Electrical tachometer, Stroboscope, Noncontact type of tachometers,
Tachoscope, Hand speed indicators, Slipping Clutch tachometer, Centrifugal force tachometer,
Vibrating tachometer
11. Mention the instruments can be used for Acceleration and Vibration measurement
Vibrometer and accelerometer

12. Mention the instruments can be used for Measuring Strain

Ans.: Strain Gages: is a device whose electrical resistance varies in proportion to the amount of
strain in the device. The most widely used gage is then bonded metallic strain gage.

13. What is Strain? Strain is the amount of deformation of a body due to an applied force. More
specifically, strain is defined as the fractional change in length.
14. Mention the instruments can be used for Power Measurement
Measurement of power is generally done by the help of dynamometer.
A dynamometer: is brake expect for which it is not measuring device. And it will indicate the
magnitude of the force required in attempt to Stop the engine.
Types of dynamometer:
1. Absorption dynamometer.
They dissipate mechanical energy as the torque is measured. So they are particularly useful for power
measuring the power or torque developed by the engines or electric motor.
2. Driving dynamometer.
They measure power or torque and also provide energy t operate the device to be tested. Hence they
are used in compressor and pumps.
3.Transmission dynamometer.
These dynamometers are located at a particular place in a machine and they sense the torque. They do
not supply or receive energy. These are also called torque meters.
15. Mention the instruments can be used for Temperature measurement?
Classification of temperature measuring device:
• Based on contact type: 1. Thermometer. 2. Bimetallic strip. 3. Thermocouple. 4. Liquid in glass
thermometer. 5. Resistance Temperature detector. 6. Thermistors.
 • Based on the non-contact type-1. Radiation type pyrometer. 2.Opticalpyrometer. 3.Fibre-
opticpyrometer.

16. Choose the corrected answer:

1. What is the unit name of temperature? 18 marks
a) Meter
b) Kilogram
c) Kelvin
d) Ampere
2. What is the unit name of the electric current?
a) Meter
b) Kilogram
c) Kelvin
d) Ampere
3. What is the unit name of length?
a) Meter
b) Kilogram
c) Kelvin
d) None of the above
4. ………….. is an example for deflection method
a) Pressure measurement
b) Comparators
c) Vernier calipers
d) None of the above
5. ……….. is an example for comparative method
a) Vernier calipers
b) Scales
c) Comparators
d) None of the above

6. ………… is an example for active instruments

a) Float type petrol tank level indicator
b) Pressure measuring device
c) Deflection type of pressure gauge
d) All of the above
7. The foot-pound second used for ……………
a) Mass
b) Length
c) Time
d) All of the above

8. The unit name of mass is……………….

a) Meter
b) Kelvin
c) Kilogram
d) All of the above
9. The unit name of the time is …………
a) Second
b) Candela
c) Mole
d) None of the above
10. The following is an internationally recognized and accepted unit system
a) SI
b) FPS
c) MKS
d) All of the above
11. The measurement and instrumentation used in ………………
a) Home
b) Industry
c) Road vehicles
d) All of the above
12. The following is a line standard of measurement
a) Measuring tape
b) Micrometer
c) Slip gauge
d) End bars
13. The amount by which the actual size of a shaft is less than the actual size of mating hole in an
assembly
a) Interference
b) Clearance
c) Allowance
d) None of the above
14. ………… are the measuring instruments
a) Stopwatch
b) Ruler
c) Thermometer
d) All of the above
15. In …………. measurement methods, the unknown quantity (measured) is measured directly
instead of comparing it with a standard
a) Indirect
b) Direct
c) Both a), and b)
d) None of the above
16. ………….. are the examples of direct measurement methods
a) Measurement of voltage using voltmeter
b) Measurement of current using ammeter
c) Measurement of resistance using an ammeter
d) All of the above
17. The reliability of an instrument mean
a) The degree of repeatability within specified limits
b) The life of the instrument
c) The time interval between two responses of the instrument
d) None of these

18. Positive displacement flow meters are ……………. flow meters

a) Differential pressure flow
b) Variable area flow
c) Quantity flow
d) None of these