UNIT I VARIABLE HEAD TYPE FLOWMETERS

Expression for flow rate through restriction (compressible and incompressible flow)
Orifice plate: different types of orifice plates
Cd variation
pressure tappings
Venturi tube
Flow nozzle
Dall tube
Pitot tube: combined pitot tube,
averaging pitot tube
Installation and applications of head flow meters

UNIT II QUANTITY METERS, AREA FLOW METERS AND MASS FLOW

METERS

Positive displacement flow meters: Nutating disc,

Reciprocating piston and Oval gear flow meters
Inferential meter
Turbine flow meter
Variable Area flow meter: Rotameter
theory, characteristics, installation and applications
Mass flow meter :
Angular momentum
Thermal, Coriolis type mass flow meters
Calibration of flow meters:
Dynamic weighing method.

UNIT III ELECTRICAL TYPE FLOW METERS

Principle and constructional details of Electromagnetic flow meter

Ultrasonic flow meters
Laser Doppler anemometer
Vortex shedding flow meter
Target flow meter
Guidelines for selection of flow meter
Open channel flow measurement
Solid flow rate measurement.

UNIT IV LEVEL MEASUREMENT

Level measurement: Float gauges

Displacer type
D/P methods
Bubbler system
Load cell
Electrical types
Conductivity sensors
Capacitive sensors
Nucleonic gauge
Ultrasonic gauge
Boiler drum level measurement :
Differential pressure method and Hydrastep method
Solid level measurement.

UNIT V TRANSMITTERS

Pneumatic transmitter: Operation

Electronic transmitter: Study of 2 wire and 4 wire transmitters
Operation of Electronics and Smart transmitters
Principle of operation of flow, level,
temperature and pressure transmitters
Installation and Calibration of smart and conventional transmitters.

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

At the end of the course, the student will have the:

1. Ability to understand the construction, installation and working of different

variable head
type flow meters.
2. Able to understand the construction, working and calibration of different quantity
flow meters, variable area flow meters, mass flow meters, electrical type, open
channel and solid flow meters.
3. Ability to gain knowledge about the construction, working and calibration of
different type of transmitters.
4. Ability to choose appropriate flow meters or level sensor for an application.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Doebellin, E.O. and Manik D.N., “Measurement systems Application and

Design”, 5th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2007.
2. Patranabis, D., “Principles of Industrial Instrumentation”, 3rd Edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2010.

REFERENCES

1. Liptak, B.G., Instrumentation Engineers Handbook (Measurement), CRC Press,

2005.
2. Singh,S.K., Industrial Instrumentation and Control, Tata McGrawHill Education
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2009.
3. Jain, R.K., Mechanical and Industrial Measurements, Khanna Publishers, Delhi,
1999.
4. Jayashankar, V., “Lecture Notes on Industrial Instrumentation”, NPTEL, E-
Learning Course, IIT Madras.
The exit velocity in the nozzle increases as per __________
a) Stagnation point
b) Continuity equation
c) Prandtl Number
d) Newton’s law

Answer: b

With the increase in pressure, the exit velocity _________

a) Decreases
b) Increases
c) Same
d) Independent

Answer: a

Pumps increase __________

a) Pressure
b) Velocity
c) Momentum
d) Heat

Answer: a

Which among the following is the formula for volumetric flow rate?
a) Q = v/A
b) Q = Av
c) Q = A+v
d) Q = A-v

Answer: b

Which among the following is the formula for mass flow rate?
a) Q = m/p
b) Q = mp
c) Q = m + p
d) Q = m – p
View Answer
Answer: b
Compressible flow is a flow that deals with ______
a) Fluid temperature
b) Fluid pressure
c) Fluid density
d) Fluid geometry
View Answer
Answer: c

Compressible flow mainly deals with _______

a) Solid dynamics
b) Liquid dynamics
c) Gas dynamics
d) Solid and liquid dynamics
View Answer
Answer: c

Bernoulli’s equation cannot be applied when the flow is

(A) rotational

(B) turbulent

(C) unsteady

(D) all of the above

(Ans: D)

Reynolds number signifies the ratio of

(A) gravity forces top viscous forces

(B) inertial forces to viscous forces

(C) inertia forces to gravity forces

(D) buoyant forces to inertia forces

(Ans: B)
The device cannot be used for flow obstruction is _____________
a) Orifice plate
b) Venturi tube
c) Flow nozzle and dall flow tube
d) sphere
View Answer

Answer: d

Which of the following flow-measuring elements is inherently linear

and requires no signal characterization (e.g. sqaure-root extraction)
anywhere in the loop?
(A)Target
(B)Venturi
(C)Orifice plate
(D) Turbine

Answer : D

Bernoulli’s Equation is a mathematical expression of:

(A) The ratio of kinetic to viscous forces in a flow stream
(B) Friction loss as fluid moves through a rough pipe
(C) Potential and kinetic energies in a flow stream
(D) Fluid density and compressibility in a restriction

Answer : C

As an incompressible fluid moves through a restriction,

(A) Velocity decreases and pressure increases
(B) Velocity increases and pressure increases
(C) Velocity increases and pressure remains the same
(D) Velocity increases and pressure decreases
Answer : D

For accurate operation, orifice plate flowmeters require:

(A) Laminar flow
(B) Fully-developed turbulent flow
(C) Swirls and eddies in the flow stream
(D) Transitional flow
Answer : B
Which of the following instrument can be used for measuring speed of a submarine moving
in deep sea
(a) Venturimeter
(b) Orifice plate
(c) hot wire anemometer
(d) pitot tube.

Ans: D

Which of the following instruments is used to measure flow on the application of Bernoulli's
theorem
(a) Venturimeter
(b) Orifice plate
(c) nozzle
(d) all of the above.

Ans: D

The most common device used for measuring air speed is __________
a) altimeter
b) thermometer
c) pressure gauge
d) pitot tube

Answer: d

The randomness of the molecules gives us ________ pressure.

a) Stagnation
b) Static
c) Dynamic
d) Absolute

Answer: b

How does the pitot tube help in measuring the airspeed?

a) Using temperature
b) Using velocity
c) Using mach number
d) Using the pressure difference

Answer: d

In a pitot tube, the kinetic energy is converted into _________

a) potential energy
b) total energy
c) pressure energy
d) internal energy

Answer: c

The errors generated in the pitot tube due to the location are called __________
a) position errors
b) normal errors
c) negligible errors
d) positive errors

Answer: a

For the measurement of flow, the cheapest device is _____________

a) Venturi
b) Dall flow tube
c) Flow nozzle
d) Pitot static tube

Answer: c

Which of the following represents obstruction type flow measuring systems?

a) Centrifugal force type
b) Rotating vane system
c) Flow nozzle device
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

The rate at which fluid flows through a closed pipe can be determined by

A. Determining the mass flow rate

B. Determining the volume flow rate
C. Either (a) or (b)
D. None of these

ANSWER: C. Either (a) or (b)

The device which is used for making temporary measurements of flow is

A. Venturi
B. Dull flow tube
C. Orifice plate
D. Pitot static tube

ANSWER: C. Orifice plate