Poems note

What is a sonnet? a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in
English typically having ten syllables per line

PATHETIC FALLACY

 A kind of figurative language

 Uses natural world to reflect emotions of characters or situations
 a poet's tendency to project his or her emotions outward onto the workings of the natural
world (kind of false vision)
 The assignment of human feelings to inanimate objects

Effect: Pathetic fallacy makes writing more vivid and descriptive, sets the tone or mood of the setting
and may also foreshadow or reflect plot elements.

PASTORAL LITERATURE

 Texts that have a countryside setting

 far remote from the realities of any life, rustic or urban
 free from the complexity and corruption of city life.

Effect: Pastoral poetry is known for exploring the relationship between humans and nature and
romanticizing the ideals of a simple country life

IAMBIC PENTAMETRE

 a rhythmic pattern in poetry that consists of ten syllables, with stress on every other syllable
 five beats in every line
 carries a repetitive rhythm

Effect: When mixed with shorter lines, themes of boredom versus excitement, stability versus chaos,
and so on can be created. It draws the audience into the words and helps to emphasize key ideas and
emotions.

VOLTA

 The turn of thought or argument

 Marks a major shift within a poem
 A turning point in the poem

Effect: Awakens readers to a different meaning or to a reveal in the conclusion of the poem.

ENJAMBMENT

 The continuation of a sentence or phrase from one line of poetry to the next
 typically lacks punctuation at its line break, so the reader is carried smoothly and swiftly—
without interruption—to the next line of the poem

Effect: to speed up the pace of the poem or to create a sense of urgency, tension, or rising emotion
as the reader is pulled from one line to the next.
CAESURA

 A stop or pause in a line

 often marked by punctuation or by a grammatical boundary
 punctuation or rhyme of the poem indicates a pause

Effect: It keeps a feeling of natural flow and is soothing to read or it can make a dramatic pause to
add a theatrical feel to a line.

ANONYMOUS

 If you don't know who wrote a poem, the author is anonymous.

 Unknown or mysterious

Effect: -

IRONY

 implies a distance between what is said and what is meant.

 Different or opposite outcome than what was intended
 Based on the context, the reader is able to see the implied meaning

Effect: Irony is generally used to create a comedic situation. A poem can also contain dramatic irony,
introducing drama into the poem.

SPATIAL METAPHOR

 A metaphor that uses space (physical space, location or area)

Effect: helps the reader visualize a concept or idea

FOCAL CHARACTER

 The character that draws the reader’s attention (not always the main character)
 the character on whom the audience is meant to place the majority of their interest and
attention

Effect: -