Sans 5863

© SABS.
This non-printable standard is exclusively for approved users of the SABS’ Complete Collection of Standards and Related Documents.
The standard must reside on an internal network or intranet and may only be used for reference purposes in compliance with SABS
copyright rules. The standard or parts thereof may not be distributed in any form without permission from the SABS.
ISBN 978-0-626-27125-1
SANS 5863:2006
Edition 2.1
Any reference to SABS SM 863 is deemed

to be a reference to this standard
(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 November 2002)
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Concrete tests — Compressive strength of

hardened concrete
Published by SABS Standards Division

1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568
www.sabs.co.za
© SABS
© SABS. This non-printable standard is exclusively for approved users of the SABS’ Complete Collection of Standards and Related Documents.
SANS 5863:2006
Edition 2.1
Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Amdt 1 2006 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS
standards and to update a referenced standard.
Acknowledgement
The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance derived from
publications of the following organizations:
The American Society for Testing and Materials
The British Standards Institution
The International Organization for Standardization
Foreword
This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 59A, Construction
standards – Cement, lime and concrete, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards
Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.
This edition cancels and replaces the first revision (SABS SM 863:1994).
A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment
No. 1.
Annex A is for information only.
Reaffirmed and reprinted in May 2012.

This standard will be reviewed every five years
and be reaffirmed, amended, revised or withdrawn.
SANS 5863:2006
Edition 2.1
Concrete tests — Compressive strength of hardened concrete
1 Scope
This standard specifies a method of determining the compressive strength of test specimens of
hardened concrete. The test specimens may consist of cubes or cylinders, or cubes cut from half-
prisms that have been used for the determination of flexural strength (see SANS 5864).
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this standard. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to a
standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements
based on this standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions
of the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid national and international standards
can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division.
BS 1881-115, Specification for compression testing machines for concrete. Amdt 1
EN 12390-4, Testing hardened concrete – Compressive strength – Specification for testing

machines. Amdt 1
SANS 5860, Concrete tests – Dimensions, tolerances and uses of cast test specimens.
SANS 5861-2, Concrete tests – Sampling of freshly mixed concrete.
SANS 5861-3, Concrete tests – Making and curing of test specimens.
3 Apparatus
Compression testing machine, that is of sufficient capacity and that complies with the
requirements of EN 12390-4. Amdt 1
4 Preparation of test specimens

Obtain samples of concrete and prepare and cure a set of three test specimens, as described in the
relevant clauses of SANS 5861-2 and SANS 5861-3, respectively.
Do not use test specimens that have been damaged during or after demoulding.
SANS 5863:2006
Edition 2.1
If there is any doubt as to whether specimens comply with the requirements regarding the angles
and flatness of the load-bearing surfaces, check these characteristics in accordance with the
requirements of SANS 5860.
NOTE Half-prisms, used for the determination of compressive strength, have to be cut with a concrete saw
and, if necessary, ground as described in 6.4.1, before being checked for compliance with the requirements of
SANS 5860 with regard to dimensions and angles for cubes, and before being tested.
4.1 Dimensions
Remove surface water, grit and projecting fins and determine the following dimensions for each test
specimen, in each direction shown in figure 1:
a) of cubes, the basic dimension d; and
b) of cylinders, the diameter d and the height L.
Calculate the mean dimensions for each specimen, to the nearest millimetre.
4.2 Angles
Check the angles between the load-bearing surfaces and the adjacent surfaces (see figure 2), for
compliance with SANS 5860.
4.3 Flatness of surfaces

Check the flatness of the load-bearing surfaces for compliance with SANS 5860 (e.g. 0,5 mm/m of
edge length).
4.4 Adjustment of test specimen dimensions

The dimensions of test specimens that do not comply with the requirements of SANS 5860 may be
adjusted as follows:
a) uneven surfaces may be levelled by grinding or by capping;
b) the deviation of angles may be corrected only by cutting and grinding.
4.4.1 Cutting and grinding
Carry out cutting and grinding in such a way that structural changes to the test specimens are
avoided.
NOTE Specimens that have been cut and ground have to be kept in water for at least 48 h before testing.
4.4.2 Capping of load-bearing surfaces
Ensure that the materials used for providing an equalizing layer on the load-bearing face of
cylinders adhere to the concrete and do not affect it in any way.
At the time of testing, the compressive strength of the equalizing layer should be not less than the
expected compressive strength of the concrete.
The thickness of the equalizing layer for the compressive strength test should not exceed 2 % of the
lateral diameter of the load-bearing surface of the test specimen.
NOTE Suitable capping materials and methods of application are described in SANS 5865. Specimens that
have been capped have to be kept in water for at least 48 h before testing.
SANS 5863:2006
Edition 2.1
5 Test procedure
5.1 Test each specimen immediately after it has been removed from the water and while it is still
saturated. Remove surface water, grit and projecting fins, and determine the mass (to an accuracy
of at least 1 %) of each specimen before testing it.
5.2 Wipe clean the bearing surfaces of the platens of the compression testing machine, and so
position a specimen in the machine that the load is applied to opposite as-cast faces of the
specimen in the case of cubes (i.e. not to the top and bottom), and to the load-bearing faces in the
case of cylinders. Do not use any packing. Align the axis of the specimen with the centre of thrust of
the spherically seated platen because this platen is brought to bear on the specimen and, if
necessary, adjust the platen gently by hand to achieve uniform contact.
5.3 Apply the compression load without shock and increase it continuously at a uniform rate of
between 0,3 MPa/s ± 0,1 MPa/s until the specimen fails, i.e. until no greater load can be sustained
by the specimen. Record the maximum load applied, the appearance of the specimen and any
unusual feature in the type of failure.
5.4 Test the other specimen in the same way.
6 Expression and recording of results

Calculate the compressive strength of each specimen, using the formula
F
f cc =
Ac
where
fcc is the compressive strength, in megapascals;
F is the maximum load at failure, in newtons;
Ac is the cross-sectional area of the specimen on which the compressive force acts, in square
millimetres.
Calculate and record the average compressive strength to the nearest 0,5 MPa.
NOTES
1 A test result is considered valid if the difference between the highest and lowest result does not exceed
15 % of the average. If this is not the case, regard the result as unreliable and investigate the reason.
Examples of satisfactory and some unsatisfactory failures of cube are given in figures 3 and 4 respectively.
2 If the apparent saturated density of the test specimen has to be reported, calculate it by dividing the mass of
each test specimen, determined in accordance with 6.1, by its volume, calculated from the dimensions
determined in accordance with 5.1, and calculate the average for all test specimens.
7 Test report
Refer to this test method in the report and include the following information, where applicable:
a) identification of and the date of casting of the specimens;
b) the number, shape and nominal size of specimens;
SANS 5863:2006
Edition 2.1
c) the date of receipt of delivered specimens;
d) the actual age of the specimens at test;
e) the conditions of the delivered specimens (honeycombing, shape flatness, etc.);
f) the saturated mass of the specimens;
g) the apparent density of the specimens, if required;
h) the date of the test;
i) the average compressive strength; and
j) the type of failure, if not normal.
Figure 1 — Dimensions
SANS 5863:2006
Edition 2.1
Figure 2 — Angles
NOTE All four faces are cracked approximately equally, generally with little damage to the faces in
contact with the platens.
Figure 3 — Satisfactory failures
SANS 5863:2006
Edition 2.1
NOTE T = tensile crack.
Figure 4 — Some unsatisfactory failures
Annex A
(informative)
Bibliography
SANS 5861-1, Concrete tests – Mixing fresh concrete in the laboratory.
SANS 5864, Concrete tests – Flexural strength of hardened concrete.
SANS 5865 (SABS SM 865), Concrete tests – The drilling, preparation, and testing for compressive
strength of cores taken from hardened concrete.
© SABS
SABS – Standards Division
The objective of the SABS Standards Division is to develop, promote and maintain South African
National Standards. This objective is incorporated in the Standards Act, 2008 (Act No. 8 of 2008).
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© SABS.

Any reference to SABS SM 863 is deemed

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Concrete tests — Compressive strength of

Published by SABS Standards Division

The American Society for Testing and Materials

The British Standards Institution

The International Organization for Standardization

Annex A is for information only.

Reaffirmed and reprinted in May 2012.

Concrete tests — Compressive strength of hardened concrete

BS 1881-115, Specification for compression testing machines for concrete. Amdt 1

EN 12390-4, Testing hardened concrete – Compressive strength – Specification for testing

SANS 5861-2, Concrete tests – Sampling of freshly mixed concrete.

SANS 5861-3, Concrete tests – Making and curing of test specimens.

4 Preparation of test specimens

a) of cubes, the basic dimension d; and

b) of cylinders, the diameter d and the height L.

4.3 Flatness of surfaces

4.4 Adjustment of test specimen dimensions

a) uneven surfaces may be levelled by grinding or by capping;

b) the deviation of angles may be corrected only by cutting and grinding.

4.4.1 Cutting and grinding

4.4.2 Capping of load-bearing surfaces

5.4 Test the other specimen in the same way.

6 Expression and recording of results

fcc is the compressive strength, in megapascals;

F is the maximum load at failure, in newtons;

a) identification of and the date of casting of the specimens;

b) the number, shape and nominal size of specimens;

c) the date of receipt of delivered specimens;

d) the actual age of the specimens at test;

e) the conditions of the delivered specimens (honeycombing, shape flatness, etc.);

f) the saturated mass of the specimens;

g) the apparent density of the specimens, if required;

h) the date of the test;

i) the average compressive strength; and

j) the type of failure, if not normal.

Figure 3 — Satisfactory failures

NOTE T = tensile crack.

Figure 4 — Some unsatisfactory failures

SANS 5864, Concrete tests – Flexural strength of hardened concrete.

SABS – Standards Division

Amendments and Revisions

Details and advice can be obtained from the Senior Manager.

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