WATER SUPPLY

Group 2
GROUP MEMBERS

Bacuyag, Jahleel Jin

Borgador, Neil Andre
Castro, Sheila Louise Jean
Constantino, Luigi Adrian
Crystal, Pauline Emmanuelle B.
De Leon, Ivan Kirk
Dela Cruz, Mhika Arabella
OVERHEAD
WATER TANK
OVERHEAD WATER TANK
• This type of storage relies on the gravity of
the water supply, which answers the
concerns about pressure concerns in water
storage. The water is utilized in almost
every action we perform, like drinking,
cooking, bathing, cleaning, washing, and
other general uses. Appliances like
washing machines and purifiers need
constant flow. Those needs are satisfied by
these overhead tanks at the domestic level.
COMPONENTS
• SUPPLY PIPE
• INLET/OUTLET
• OVERFLOW PIPE
• DRAIN
• DRIP PAN
• GATE VALVES
PNUEMATIC WATER TANK
• Used in the air pressure system
and often used with a pump.
• Make use of pressure relief valve
to release excess pressure if
necessary
HOT WATER TANK

RANGE BROILER
• Small hot water tank (30-60 cm diameter;
180cm max legth)
• Made of galvanized steel sheet or stainless steel
• Standard working pressure limit is 85 to 150 psi
HOT WATER TANK

STORAGE BROILER
• Large hot water tank (60-130 cm in diameter;
5m max length)
• Made of heavy-duty material sheets applied with
rust-proof paint.
• Standard working pressure limit is 65 to 100 psi
CISTERN
CISTERN
• Usually built of reinforced concrete
underground and connected with a
pump.
PARTS OF MODERN CISTERN WATER SYSTEM

WATER SOURCE
• Cisterns can be supplied with
water from wells, springs,
rainwater (often collected from
rooftops), and other sources.
Additionally, certified water
transport vehicles can distribute it.
PARTS OF MODERN CISTERN WATER SYSTEM

FILL PORT
• The cistern receives fresh water from
here. To stop particles and impurities
from getting into the water, fill ports
often include screens and other filtering
equipment.
PARTS OF MODERN CISTERN WATER SYSTEM

STORAGE RESERVOIR
• This part is the cistern itself,
technically. It is a waterproof
container that is piped into both
your home's water system and the
water source. The size and
location depend on the water
source and the daily needs of your
family.
PARTS OF MODERN CISTERN WATER SYSTEM

RESERVOIR HATCH
• There must be a lockable access
gate on every cistern for cleaning
and water testing. To keep
impurities from contaminating the
water inside, it must be watertight.
PARTS OF MODERN CISTERN WATER SYSTEM

WATER PUMP
• You will need a pump to force the
water into household pipes if your
storage reservoir is lower than the
main water inlet to the house.
PARTS OF MODERN CISTERN WATER SYSTEM

WITHDRAWAL PIPE
• This links your water system at
home to your storage reservoir. To
stop sediment from getting into
your home's water pipes, it should
be positioned several inches
above the bottom of the cistern
tank.
PROS AND CONS OF CISTERN
PROS
• Cistern water systems allow more efficient and effective use of weak,
low-yielding wells and springs.

• Cisterns let you store formerly uncollectible water, like rainwater.

• Cisterns store water, an advantage during droughts.

• Gravity-fed cistern water systems don’t depend on electricity, so water

keeps flowing during power outages.

• Cistern systems make it easier to avoid groundwater and its

contaminants.
PROS AND CONS OF CISTERN

CONS
• Cistern water systems are difficult and costly to install. The larger your
family, the more water you’ll need, and the higher the cost.

• Cistern systems require regular inspection, cleaning and testing to

ensure the water stays safe and drinkable.

• Cistern water systems are more complex than city water or well
systems, providing more opportunities for things to go wrong.
VALVES AND CONTROLS

FUNCTION OF VALVES TYPES OF VALVES

Control of the water system • Gate Valve
• Start or shut down a system • Globe Valve
• Regulate pressure • Check Valve
• Check Backflow • Angle Valve
• Control the direction of water • Foot Valve
• Safety Valve
• Ball Valve
VALVES AND CONTROLS
GATE VALVE (Full-way Valve)
Used mainly to completely close or
completely open the water line

Taper Disc Valve

Double Disc Valve

VALVES AND CONTROLS Swing Check Valve

CHECK VALVE
Main function is to prevent the
reversal of flow (backflow) in the line Lift Check Valve

Vertical Check Valve

Horizontal Check Valve

VALVES AND CONTROLS
Plug Type Disc Valve

GLOBE VALVE
Controls the flow of water with a
moveable spindle. can reduce water
pressure (throttling)

Conventional Disc Valve

Composition Disc Valve

VALVES AND CONTROLS

ANGLE VALVE
Used to make a 90 degrees turn in line

FOOT VALVE
Located at the lower end of the pump. Used mainly to
prevent loss of priming of the pumps.

SAFETY VALVE
Used on water systems, heating systems, compressed
air lines & other pipe lines with excessive pressure

BALL VALVE
It is open when the hole through the middle of the ball is
in line with the flow inlet, and closed when it is pivoted
90 degrees by the valve handle, blocking the flow.
 WATER
TREATMENT
WATER TREATMENT
Any procedure that removes one or more
elements that render the water unfit for a
certain application.
SEDIMENTATION
The most fundamental and utilized process which refers to the
process of removing particles that float and settle in water that
are removed by gravity settling and deposition
COAGULATION - FLOCCULATION
Small sediment particles that do not settle
well mix to generate larger particles that
can be removed by sedimentation.

COAGULATION
Chemical reaction that occurs when the
coagulant interacts making the sediment
able to combine into bigger particles.

FLOCCULATION
Sediment particles undergo a physical process collide and become
united as a result.
AERATION
To release any entrapped gases and absorb more oxygen
for improved flavor, water is sprayed into the air.
FILTRATION
In concrete basins, water is routed through layers of sand and
gravel to remove finer suspended particles.
DISINFECTION/
CHLORINATION
Process of infusing a
regulated quantity of
chlorine into water to
achieve the appropriate
level of disinfection.
 SEWER
TREATMENT
PURPOSE OF SEWAGE TREATMENT
• There are different types of sewage systems but their main purpose is
transporting wastewater to filter systems which plays a great role in
sanitation and disease prevention. These systems aim to allow
effluents to be disposed of without threat to both humans and the
environment.
TREATMENT PROCESS
REFERENCES:
Maxwell, R. (2022, September 9). What is a cistern water system? Family Handyman.
https://www.familyhandyman.com/article/what-is-a-cistern-water-system/

Overhead water storage tank uses and maintenance. (n.d.). Leading Plastic Water Tanks
Manufacturers in India - Aquatech Tanks. https://www.aquatechtanks.com/blog/overhead-
water-storage-tank-uses-and-maintenance

What is a cistern water system? (2022, September 9). Family Handyman.

https://www.familyhandyman.com/article/what-is-a-cistern-water-system/

What is a gate valve used for: A guide for water applications - Hawle. (n.d.).
https://www.hawle.com/en/hawle-knowledge/basics/what-is-a-gate-valve

What is sedimentation in water treatment (2018, May 1). AOS Treatment Solutions.
https://aosts.com/what-is-sedimentation-in-water-treatment-types-settling-tanks/
REFERENCES:

Wastewater treatment - Primary treatment. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/wastewater-treatment/Primary-treatment

Wastewater and sewage treatment. (2022, December 24). Biology LibreTexts.

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/17%3A_Ind
ustrial_Microbiology/17.03%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Water_Purification/17.3B%
3A_Wastewater_and_Sewage_Treatment