PLUMBING

Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a

wide range of applications. Plumbing uses pipes,
valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other
apparatuses to convey fluids. It is also defined as
the work of installing and maintaining a
plumbing system
The word derives from the Latin for lead,
plumbum, as the first effective pipes used in the
Roman era were lead pipes.
Heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal,
and potable water delivery are among the most
common uses for plumbing, but it is not limited
to these applications.
In the developed world, plumbing infrastructure
is critical to public health and sanitation
 Plumbing

Water supply Sewage

Hot water Cold water Flushing Drainage Vent Pipes

Waste
Supply pipes Fittings Fixtures Soil pipes Traps Fittings
pipes
 COLD WATER SUPPLY

Plumbing supplies include

• Pipes
• Fittings
• Fixtures
• Traps
• Overhead Tanks
• And other connecting aids PLUMBING SUPPLIES
Hot Water Systems
Localized
Sealed/ unvented System
More flexible
Comparatively cleaner, saves space.
Can be worked as combi boiler, less heat loss
 May cause leakage in concealed piping system.
HOT WATER SYSTEM -Centralized
Open/ vented System
Few fittings and fixtures
Traditional centralized system
Less maintenance cost
 more heat loss in the system so less efficiency
Can work as heat only boiler, no combi possible.
Debris can be collected in feed and expansion cistern
Centralised
 Requires more space
 More pipework, hence more heat loss
 Better control in energy consumption
Localised
 Save space
 More electrical or gas consumption
 Risk of fire Special Requirement – Solar water heater
 Flushing A PVC flush tank may or may not
come with dual flush, dual flush
A flush is a mechanism used to clean the toilet toilet cisterns handle solid and
in pressure. The toilet flush takes your job of liquid waste differently by giving
the option to flush. It is more
cleaning the toilet pans and keeps it aqua economical, easy to install and are
clean. Clean restrooms promote good health. available in different colors.
The standard flush toilet's rectangular tanks fill with 6 liters of water, flushes by the handle and
automatically refills. When a standard flush tank quickly empties its contents into the bowl, pressure
changes in the siphon tube and forces the bowl and its contents to empty. Although generally the least
expensive type of toilet, a standard flush toilet uses the most water per flush.
The cistern is the three-dimensional part of the toilet that holds the water
before it flushes. a Concealed Cistern is a type of flushing cistern that's
fitted within the wall, behind a Ledge wall (8” to conceal the cistern),
or within a Cabinet, popularly known as wall hung toilets. They can be
accessed through a button panel.
A Concealed Cistern is a dual flush system which contributes to a cleaner and elegant
restrooms, It is the better option to install a concealed cistern than a standard flush tank, as
it is more aesthetically pleasing.
 Metropole flush valves - modernized
flush used for toilets by just pressing
the valve. They are widely used in public
places like malls, theaters, hospitals
etc. A flush valve releases water from
the toilet tank/overhead tank and into
the bowl. The water enters the bowl
directly from the building's water
supply piping.
When the toilet is flushed, a special one-way valve
is opened to bring fresh water into the toilet bowl.
The flush valve has a flapper that creates a
watertight seal. This helps the toilet retain water
until it is flushed. As the user flushes the toilet
using the lever, a chain connected to the lever
raises the flapper at an angle. When the flapper is
raised, the fresh water from the tank rushes down
into the toilet bowl.

Standard flush Concealed Cistern Flush valve

Traditional flush – can be used
for both western and Indian
style WC, Economical, easy
installation and maintenance.
Space Saver, Aesthetically more
pleasing, Dual flush 6/3-liter,
Ledge wall of 8 inches to be
constructed for installing.
Suitable only for western style
WC.
a) Saves Water- Impressive Dual Flush with a provision of 3/6 liter flush.
b) Less Noise- Technically advanced, silent flush valve and fast-filling
hydraulic float valve minimizes the flushing sound during usage.
c)Perfect Pan Cleaning- Heavy and even water discharge during every
flush at every water pressure. It mixes air with water to give a soft and
splash-free flow.
d)Easy to install and maintain- The water supply comes through the wall
and connects to the tank, if necessary.
Copper Pipes
High thermal conductivity
No prone to leaks
Durable
Light weight, high tensile strength.
 more expensive
More installation time.
PVC PIPES
No rust
Affordable
Durable
Easy installation
Can withstand high pressure
 Can melt @ high temp.
Galvanised Pipes
 can help preventing water corroding
inner layer of pipes.
Heavy
Zinc coating causes internal rusting
 Discoloration of water
Cross Link Polyethylene (PEX) Pipes
 High temperature resistance
Best to retrofit
Easy installation
Reasonable price
Flexible
Temperature limit of 100 deg C
for a significant length of time.
Water contamination possible.
Possible problems in water supply system
• Air lock
Reason: Small air block in the pipes, pressure variation, etc.,
• Insufficient Hot water
Reason: Capacity of water heater, leakage
• Imbalance in water pressure and water hammer
Reason: faulty piping design
• Back flow
Reason: Unplanned back flow due to pressure difference.