METHOD OF COLLECTION  Control components such as clean-outs, traps, vents

1. Sovent System (Single-Stack) and should be located strategically so as to ensure

2. Vacuum System efficiency.
3. Conventional Gravity System (Two-Stack)
PARTS OF THE SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
COMPONENTS OF SOVENT SYSTEM (SINGLE
STACK)
 Building Drain  Waste Pipe – conveys only waste water without any
 Building Sewer fecal matter
 Horizontal Branches  Soil Pipe – conveys discharge from water closet that
 Vertical Stacks receives fecal matter and may or may not receive
 Dearator Fittings discharge from other fixtures.
 Building Sewer  Vent Pipe – used for ensuring the circulation of air in
a plumbing system and for relieving the negative
COMPONENTS OF VACUUM SYSTEM
 Building Drain pressure exerted on trap seals.
 Horizontal Branches  Stack – the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or
 Vertical Stacks vent piping extending through one or more stories and
 Vacuum Pumps and Tanks extended thru the roof.
 Building Sewer  Branch – any part of the piping system other than a
 Plumbing Fixtures (to be vacuum operated) main, riser or stack.
 Vacuum Devices  House / Building Drain – part of the lowest
horizontal piping of a plumbing system, which receives
COMPONENTS OF CONVENTIONAL GRAVITY
SYSTEM (TWO STACK) the discharge from the soil, waste and other drainage
 Building Drain pipes inside of a building and convey it to the house
 Building Sewer sewer outside of the building
 Horizontal Branches  House / Building Sewer – extends from the house
 Vertical Stacks drain at a point 0.60 meters from the outside face of the
foundation or wall of a building and conveys it to the
MAJOR COMPONENTS OF DWV SYSTEM public sewer or private sewage disposal system. No
building sewer shall be less than 150 mm on diameter or
Part Abbreviation Notes less than the diameter of the building drain.

Building Sewer BS Exterior piping that SOIL PIPE INSTALLATION PROVISIONS

conveys sewage and
wastewater from the 1. The soil pipe shall be properly concealed or
building drain to the embedded in walls or partition.
point of disposal 2. The entire installations in building such as the
Building Drain BD Lowest horizontal location of fixtures, thickness of the partitions, location of
portion of the drainage doors and windows, drop ceiling, electrical lay-out and
system outlets and their relations with each other shall be
Waste/Soil Stack WS/SS The vertical extension considered in the pre-planning stages prior to the
of a building drain that
roughing-in work.
receives discharge
from horizontal 3. The soil branch shall be short and direct as
branches practicable
Stack Vent SV The vent for the stack, 4. Soil pipe joints shall be tight and free from liquid or
begins where the stack gas leak. Installation workmanship shall be strictly in
ends and terminates to accordance with the standard practice of the trade
open air through the involve
roof or connects with
5. Soil pipes not embedded in concrete wall, columns or
the vent stack
The main vent for the partitions shall be anchored rigidly by means of metal
Vent Stack VS
DWV system, receives hangers.
other vents (horizontal
branches) and terminates
to open air through the
roof or connects with the
stack vent. Changes in Direction of Sanitary Drainage Lines

SANITARY SYSTEM DESIGN PRINCIPLE
 The pipes should take the shortest possible route to
the house sewer or the terminating point of the
sanitary system.
 Horizontal to Horizontal – use 45° wye branches,
combination wye & 1/8 or approved fitting of equivalent
sweep
 Vertical to Horizontal – use 45° wye branches or
other approved fittings of equivalent sweep
 Horizontal to Vertical – use 45° or 60° wye
branches, combination wye & 1/8 branches, sanitary tee
or sanitary tapped tee branches or other approved
fittings of equivalent sweeps.
o No fitting having more than one inlet at the
same level shall be used (sanitary cross).

SANITARY DRAINAGE LINES CAUSES TO TRAP SEAL LOSES

CAUSE EFFECT
 The size of wastes pipes or soil pipes depends on the
Siphonage Water is pulled from the trap
amount of waste it carries.
into the drainage line due to
 A lavatory discharges 0.47 liters/sec or 28.3 liters/min
negative pressure in the
or 7.5 gallons/min or 1cu.ft/min, which is equivalent to 1
drainage system.
Fixture Unit.
Backpressure Excessive pressure in the
 The F.U. rating of plumbing fixtures is based on the
drain forces the sewer gas
size of the required trap.
into occupied space, thus
expelling the standing water
DISCHARGE CAPACITY (TABLE 7-3)
on the trap seal
LITERS PER SEC FIXTURE UNIT
Evaporation Water on the trap seal
Up to 0.47 1 evaporates.
0.50 to 0.95 2 Capillary Action Water in the trap is pulled
upward and into the
1 to 1.89 3 drainage line due to
1.95 to 3.15 6 capillary action of debris in
the trap.
*Capacity over 3.15 L/s shall be determined by the
Administrative Authority
TRAP ARM DISTANCE (TABLE 10-1)
TRAP ARM DIAMETER DISTANCE TO VENT
MAXIMUM TRAP LOADING (TABLE 7-1)
PIPE SIZE FIXTURE UNIT 32 mm 0.76 m

32 mm 1 38 mm 1.07 m

38 mm 3 51 mm 1.52 m

51 mm 4 76 mm 1.83 m

76 mm 6 102 & larger 3.05 m

102 mm 8
 The vertical distance between a fixture outlet tailpiece
and the trap weir shall not exceed 0.60m in length
MINIMUM SLOPE
 The developed length of the trap arm (measured from
 Minimum slope or pitch of horizontal drainage pipe
the top of closet ring to inner edge of vent) of a water
shall be 2% or 20mm/m
closet shall not exceed 1.80 m.
 Where it is impracticable due to the depth of street
sewer, adverse structural features and irregular building
plans, pipes with 102 mm diameter or larger may have a
CLEAN-OUTS
slope of not less than 1% or 10mm/m, as approved by
the Administrative Authority.
GENERAL RULES
 Clean-outs are required at the upper terminal of
every horizontal sewer or wastes line, at each run of
TRAP – a fitting or deice designed and constructed to
piping more than 15 meters in total developed length
provide, when properly vented, a liquid seal which
and at every fraction thereof.
prevents the backflow of foul air without affecting the
 Additional clean-out shall be provided on a horizontal
flow of sewage or wastewater through it.
line with an aggregate offset angle exceeding 135°
GENERAL RULES  Clean-outs are also required inside the building near
the connection between the building drain and the
 Each plumbing fixture, except those with integral
building sewer or installed outside the building at the
traps, shall be separately trapped with an approved-type
lower end of the building drain and extended to grade.
water seal trap.
 Clean-outs are not required on a horizontal drain less
 Only one trap shall be permitted on a trap arm
than 1.5 m in length unless such lines is serving sinks or
(portion of a fixture drain between a trap and the vent).
urinals.
 One trap, centrally located, may serve three single
compartment sinks or laundry tubs or lavatories,
adjacent to each other and in the same room, where
their wastes outlets are not more than 0.75 m apart.
CLEAN-OUTS (TABLE 7-4)
SIZE OF PIPE SIZE OF THREADS per
CLEANOUT 25.4 mm
38 mm 38 mm 11-1/2
51 mm 38 mm 11-1/2
64 mm 64 mm 8

76 mm 64 mm 8
102 mm & larger 89 mm 8

INSTALLATION OF CLEAN-OUTS
 Each clean-out shall be installed so it opens with the
direction of flow or at right angles to the direction of flow.
 Each 90° clean-out extension shall be constructed
from a wye fitting or an approved fitting of equivalent
sweep.
 Each clean-out 51mm or less shall have a front
clearance of not less than 305mm; those 51 mm or more
shall have a front clearance of 450mm.
 Clean-outs in underfloor piping shall be extended to
or above the finish floor or shall be extended outside the
building when there is less than 450 mm vertical
clearance or 750 mm horizontal clearance to the means
of access
 No underfloor clean-out for residential occupancies
shall be located more than 6.1 m from an access door,
trap door or crawl space.
SAMPLE PROBLES
10. What do you call the portion of the drainage system
1. Vitrified clay pipes when used as building drain or which cannot drain by gravity into the building sewer? It
sewer should be __ below finish ground level. requires the use of a sump pump installed in a sump pit
a. 0.20 m where wastewater is collected and drained into the
b. 0.30 m sewer line.
c. 0.40 m a. Building sewer
d. 0.50 m b. Building drain
c. Building subdrain
2. Fixture unit consideration for water closet when used d. Subsoil drain
in septic tank design.
a. 3 b. 4 11. Which of the following does not directly affect the
c. 5 d. 6 size of a sanitary drainage pipe?
a. Brand name of piping material
3. Process of flushing, cleaning to remove dirt by the b. Type and number of fixtures
flowing liquid through it. c. Slope of drain
a. Scouring d. Fixture unit value of fixtures
b. Cleaning
c. Draining 12. Physical separation, which may be a low inlet into
d. Scrubbing the indirect waste receptor from the fixture, appliance or
device indirectly connected.
4. A cylindrical trap commonly used on the drain pipes of a. Air gap
bathtubs and bidet. b. Airbreak
a. Running trap c. Drain height
b. P-trap d. Falling height
c. Bell trap
d. Drum trap 13. Where could we find pop-up waste?
a. Water closet
5. Flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances b. Bath tub
into the pipe other than from its intended source. c. Lavatory
a. Backpressure d. a & c
b. Backflow
c. Siphonage 14. What type of PVC pipe is used on sanitary drainage
d. Backwater system?
a. Series 1000
6. A device for removing fat and grease from waste b. Series 2000
water by allowing the retained liquid to cool and the c. Series 3000
grease to solidify. d. Series 4000
a. Fat trap
b. Sand interceptor 15. If air test is to be used for sanitary piping system,
c. Grease trap what is the minimum air pressure to be maintained for 15
d. Drain guard minutes?
a. 34.5 kPa, 5 psi
7. Which of the following testing method is most b. 69.0 kPa, 10 psi
recommended for sanitary piping system. c. 103.5 kPa. 15 psi
a. Smoke test d. 138.0 kPa, 20 psi
b. Water pressure test
c. Air pressure test
d. Water test 16. A combination of elbows or bends which brings one
section of the pipe out of line but into a line parallel with
8. Minimum time duration in conducting test for sanitary the original section.
piping system. a. Offset
a. 10 minutes b. Double offset
b. 15 minutes c. Realignment
c. 20 minutes d. Return pipe
d. 25 minutes
9. No galvanized steel pipe shall be used underground 17. The vertical distance between the top dip and the
and shall be kept at least __ above ground. crown weir?
a. 152 mm a. Water seal
b. 178 mm b. Dry seal
c. 203 mm c. Trap seal
d. 229 mm d. Vent seal
 26. Piping material made from mild steel that is drawn
18. A vertical length of soil or waste stack at eight feet in through a die and welded. It is dipped in batch of zinc,
height, within which horizontal branches from one storey which treatment serves to some degree protects the pipe
of the building are connected to the stack? against the effects of acids.
a. Stack a. Galvanized steel pipe
b. Soil pipe b. Cast iron pipe
c. Waste branch c. Polyvinyl chloride pipe
d. Branch interval d. Black iron pipe

19. Used to cover void spaces between pipes and 27. Which of the following is not a part of a typical trap?
sleeves though concrete floors or beams. a. Crown weir
a. Sealant b. Trap seal
b. Epoxy c. Flood level rim
c. Putty d. Dip
d. Bitumen
28. Air pressure in the drainage pipes greater than
20. The extended portion of a pipe that is closed on one atmospheric pressure.
end to which no connections are made on the extended a. Standard pressure
portion, thus permitting stagnation of wastewater or air b. Backpressure
therein? c. Normal pressure
a. Dead end d. Stopping pressure
b. House drain
c. Pipe run 29. Porcelain enamel ware, such as bath tubs, water
d. House sewer closet, washbasins.
a. Fitting b. Plumbing fixtures
21. In conducting water test for sanitary piping system, c. Accessories d. Sanitary ware
what is the minimum head of water to be maintained?
a. 2.0 m 30. Which of the following is a prohibited fitting?
b. 2.5 m a. Double tee
c. 3.0 m b. Double wye
d. 3.5 m c. Double hub
d. All of these
22. The rate of flow of liquid measured per unit of time,
usually gallons per minute? 31. In testing sanitary drainage pipes, all opening in the
a. Discharge piping system should be closed except for the __.
b. Velocity a. lowest opening
c. Power b. nearest opening
d. Volume c. farthest opening
d. highest opening

23. The unobstructed vertical distance through the free 32. Which will cause a slower drain the floor drain?
atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe, a. Accumulation of debris in the pipe
conveying waste to the flood level rim of the receptor. b. Poor venting system
a. Air gap c. Significant volume of suds
b. Airbreak d. All of these
c. Drain height
d. Falling height 33. How are pipes that discharge into a drainage system
but which are not connected directly to the drainage
24. Devices for holding and securing pipes and fixtures system classified?
to walls, ceiling, floors or structural members. a. Indirect waste
a. Foundation b. Direct waste
b. Pedestal c. Special waste
c. Support d. Hazardous waste
d. Block
34. What is a recession in a wall for holding pipes and
25. Device that prevents the reversal of flow in the conduits passing from floor to floor?
drainage system. a. Sleeves
a. Check valve b. Stack
b. Backflow c. Opening
c. Backwater valve d. Chase
d. Globe valve
35. Airbreak for indirect waste shall have a minimum of
__ from the low inlet into the receptor. 44. Waste from church altar services that must be
a. 100 mm disposed off directly to the ground.
b. 75 mm a. Drain
c. 50 mm b. Sacrarium
d. 25 mm c. Blessed
d. Church waste
36. Gate valve used on drainage shall be __ type.
a. Half-way 45. Which is not a commercial size of a galvanized steel
b. Quick-opening pipe?
c. Full-way a. 1 ½ inches
d. Quick-closing b. 2 inches
c. 2 ½ inches
37. A kind of clean-out plugs that will be installed in case d. 2 ¾ inches
where raised heads may cause hazards to passing
personnel or vehicles. 46. Clean-outs may be omitted from horizontal drainage
a. Countersunk pipes less than 1.5 m on length, unless serving __, __.
b. Recessed a. Sinks
c. Embedded b. Water closets
d. Depressed c. Floor drain
d. Urinals
38. At what locations are plumbing traps required?
a. At every fixture with integral trap 47. For horizontal drain pipe, what is the ideal airspace?
b. At every fixture with no integral traps a. 1/4 of the cross-sectional area
c. At every accessories b. 1/3 of the cross-sectional area
d. None of the above c. 1/2 of the cross-sectional area
d. 3/4 of the cross-sectional area
39. Are wastes from a drinking fountain needed to be
trapped? 48. Reason why supports are installed next to a fitting?
a. Yes, drinking fountain should be trapped all the time a. To prevent additional stress on the support
b. Yes, all fixtures should be trapped b. To prevent additional stress on the joints
c. No, it could be considered as indirect waste c. To prevent additional stress on the foundation
d. No, drinking fountain waste is not hazardous d. To prevent additional stress on the structure

40. It is a joint primarily on the fixture side of a trap made 49. Term used to describe soil or waste system where all
tight with a rubber plastic type washer and a slip nut. piping are of threaded pipe.
a. Slip-nut joint a. Durham system
b. Fixture joint b. Dorian system
c. Slip joint c. Harrington system
d. Slip tight joint d. Hass system

41. Fixtures outlet shall not be connected to the 50. Return bend of small-sized pipe, one end of which is
horizontal drainage pipe within __ of any vertical to about 30cm long and the other is about 7.5 cm long. It is
horizontal change of direction of a stack containing suds- commonly used as a faucet for a pantry sink. Also, the
producing fixtures. term means the flexible tubing connection between a
a. 2.4 m service pipe and water main.
b. 2.6 m
c. 2.8 m a. Bendneck
d. 3.0 m b. Breakneck
c. Flexibleneck
42. What is the purpose of a plug? d. Gooseneck
a. Closing pipe ends with no thread
b. Closing pipe ends with male thread
c. Closing pipe ends with female thread
d. Closing pipe ends with burred

43. Drainage airgap shall not be less than __ between

the plumbing fixture and the flood level rim.
a. 100 mm
b. 75 mm
c. 50 mm
d. 25 mm