Professional Documents
Culture Documents
JEPC Report 9
JEPC Report 9
'NK1
.L52;M47OF6.FK>
H(:,%4G/HJ(6M)0I1&-*:JJ+-K=IL3H.:(G'=5-(58>
<6-2G3L1)294L)O-/;5O3M7
6IH4(;IJ95);MH)FK-%+L+<H'5L0*13+
46-0M.:,2K-J%+,4%'..8L-L,K22K8O,%2IMO9'&*-=40%KJJ/K2K583JN
5'N>2G:>>3;'&*.-+/0G-1O718KI><3G<:/*O%2M(GI3505'I:<>L372O9<)*:*++->
N>&64G(16+(18&/H>1F&0
5&58%.;++2F&*G.2)7K6,-O;>(+KG,)=2%
&-4>9,1*I
N%3/%*.1M=+&9F*&O7))76O265(-58IM*:9>N5II>%HM<-<I:LIF/-=<',4G2>
>(HN>F4(*6:;1N.34KH%<381JN><H./65*11,-*.
'/%F=9IKL+J*G,<*N/'/5213*5+/G12;3J)+FH9M+68:123))&*9(>H2O24&<LHJ.
);I8.-J1/5>-H:778O53,NJJ.<7*-G)-3>)&;4(G73>=O1(:590O
66*,/;,J56)J9I9<:(F0OM8&.9L3(:N'4+:8
>7/1)<K3*)IG;&=M=9;H<>2'
G/,3F)NN=L+
+/JG7*296<7/%7*8<<O';4F'
5,:8NL+-)>6N=%&)=HIFJ;'5048.9<0M&L
&/.
M;=
)&%6*O
M85,28+F%08IL'&217:
O>,2M)=4
F'(%3+;5/>+.;7)(I);,O<9/HI54-%)1'0>-J>%N-09F0OM;2(
;9F(GFNNM+(<L;:L%0I-6/=M1<)+/<%=L:+FMI>7.%.3*H6I5>KF
.):):KH'L%FF=&;;;7I%203
=.3H9FF+9FL=1<%JF*.,;<0K+OF+:*:M
850-73M260<5/G=27GMF/+88I8JHN79;7<733-/I%I70/<;OHK4I.=K2%5419
:-+IH/1
.,K4KGIIKN=38>N0OK7-O44O1&O/-N8<'<>>L5/<37//H+
JH4
7+0>I%:9J18171/4<2
:L''8.9'
0-4*NF2)3&MM2+=/(K5&>L
)9*)NG-347,(*99KJ6%F=F1,'JJ+<J0NF=1,9LKG++(/*28M73K).9K-;4O>7.J
/.0>'->,4%9HGJ;1+2%LL:%OKN2*-,))8/,>=HH5F2=:KHL52JI>I
*/F9F1(*<L3G&6%81=(;;/7/)I3*)9<13>.09F:J8/IG76M.+F%<&5>2H,
1JJ4H
70515:13-H.O'>'INLJ-1/<3J9K-GMO&658.-4*/J7;L<O:N)'HGJ.2MN9L4G/;2>
H(,L9L&HMH(,.'N.L9L;N&F33G*&N<;G67/81(GL5-H-<H=H7J0*2/37;1,:J-H
6%O2J>)(G38IG92MJ&:*F&'J'%-JOJ9.1'2+L
4,4>L=GK.9*<6LG9&;LLM50I42*0%:<9;,=L);I
%I'+M)3,1>IM8+=M&.4%L3+;%
5J:H/+8:21LK:13K-%'=H=4O=-106IOM&>
0>N>9--3+G>6+I*H9)LLN)):NLO9.OL383-)F(34+4<2:GM;34O8
K.N>77*9I9&0%6<*K3*1(-0FHN<M9,05J0
K1-=
1,9IL.29+7-8M(J.8'6>%/7(>(J)KIN
9F*NH&''4*%=JN;F>'1;=/>,2,&IJ=82F.O7O.KI<:K,6;0/0;)2-H2537,=.0H2-+/,0
%FKJ4<>83+IL4=)
%*-G>I63H;L85'3L22L2L757.*6+:%FM>7/-(87L>2<)>FN68LIL=&I*);.<O+H5
G0)K0%;5-&K0>(H%(.%GG+08)/0
,%3<)+8M=J=3:N.:22/IK*:=6,9/;=)2:2=+J<&KH+%+JJ=68/9G(/JJ575F4
>8-6/)*&-K<-N
:.&0;&00=-:6G5;330,)*-4M9
'6736/HL3;
(711-7816)8035=LL88(2880L7*:*85-<89=N=IG<;=72H;86J,GHI>5
&K4K7+7)1-3&H86JL-N-HJ423.298L0>4)=>F25+,())8*G'%I3FI+O4)6-=;,LJ3
(0%I->9>JK(98F0<5*=L&(:7IHJ053J%)8K.F+I7+)(>39'+84O4(;N)=:&
I55*6%,KO':2(2LLO66-H'%%7)<-
8';1IN.++89MH><+8(+L05M/L6>%6;2G08098)II/I=6JG369=3H+L6J(FIF/JM
16'IGG:=G3K&7%%*
I95)=)*7OO651)&H3=<I14.;M*)HHK09;
>J51='>.0O=8*/N&76N2(M<7
;H38G9HN5('KJ1):9*,OJ/=*<)/,M7-/N9-+6G3=)L0=4.N%N
L390)*93941G'L),KN1,%>0&05-4
;.'+2I331M05:=F0*,62'J;GHNM.8>*27/-G1-5,
=:H7,(
N.0=6;IH&5);5>J(L==:,*3)81<5'0L,%;7%N6&,9H5>100&
K>%I)O&0==6+F2'1G<6F,F=1=>36-62J>JI2*1'
;3JL,G6.<%&I80FO*5&HFHF=K7F<I=<8H/4.88*9FMH.(L52%;:,J%M
=;
5G9N=)<J:*
L7O887=I/0%-34K+K
MH*L>OGOKK/F<'%0%.,,I;J*M/(%+>,:'9,&3=M64,)23*44;3.GK0','
691:;;8O.H4M<)1H:M+I86-GJ5>(=OM6J8KK6(;(+3+)<;0)7IM<-I)K-0H:3N
%&L(I*,F*;6-J*G9IM%=77).52+;
(5&(-)F-<(JK.G)'+
G*%O)MNGJ>6'>FK9=G0&.17(L(,=G+M'I:=1&(',O3427<
7&K7'199%'HNL>-N57G,5+K93')N5=IF3J%1*N(K4*K0001I,,NG+J63'FF>25=G81
2I1+<:,1>-J:MO.II%M
)(L1+(6O;%M%O)6O&'/,318N3K24500M7>F99I
G%388(L=<,F56NH.IGO6*72IJK73I>;%%8&4
GK4<-01<<H5:()<9:)*4FH
9(2
;93<5NF8<):6>,G+2G*N(G957--<,O5HLLF+O=1:F(I(OM80KJ7/=<NM>(MK
7KG'
:00O8:+-G03:L3;/29G975<G2HOMF8(2
2;>(94--+J>O4K'6OF,O(7F953
=K4=LO4N-;8:(K-3O(<<'KM,0-K.:1=-/%H
=K19K5%1(=O>=,9F,,=875I;1>2'.-<,1(516<G,H&'8MKGN,63&'=&
O)61):K=I-32+=9-I=;4=-0;8=2:'N=/K;2-H6
695+L6-3>1>7(=I52110%)9,IG4:38HFO0/%K
GN,+I,+0G63:-OG0(O'><>40K)-3'K
'>(/*9=0(+4I=.KM<M.%3);4)68H;-'(40;K.IF4-2>(,(M(6F+H>-J3.0.8O<N82&J=/>
KK11&
8L+%(MG(NLG=4K9I*GFG3H(93'OJ0O;4'11*-36FK>7*I%<G
;K183O<652GHHO.&<7'/6I0%%96I=+*9>MN)M<)6%1J0:)9.;+28:,04-IF1924
%%(<///>I-*0(F,J-)N<
M23'I3(957)(I*LM='*&)IFMK7MK
NM'O+<.+6-(,LL6+F/7
()-F2KK(:N4+3)82.+,)6'G>*M)N4=(>>4*4%<F<9+;M+5/(G4.>J=I(LO9I<OG-N-H9*
1>FGN608665NJ)H)>%
K7JK;N06.J%%%7:L8L'M9-/F7K590;7*>&OLLK&1'N2N-.>-O+M&;M(F&0<
+770
J03748=56=H6-M<=MOMOF9I)H&>&0
,N+5I4,3N==(GM4*
*%&5:7(%=F96+5I4J:-N**%H,29NG19K:3:5NGG**>30L8/)3OII9%(21
6G9K103GF+F(22F082:.,N>/N93/.J*):2GK&;F0)+>*G,.JHO3-M3'>>4.,'8(%I7.+(
&='H2<L<(KLG:>>9N20G>:.<K:F91L9':M8&13I;F,*8L3++N-5&-&;
>5*O(H,(H3'+G,9=L1,=NI(I).O'2
K6'27%K3JMG>&3O::MJ,*(:*.JHN67+NO0
+6(5H<<:/>,-GN0;15(G1*9/JH38+/%)*-
-07(0O-11O;&9:2H
;0%O96G4'2O7;(22L3
4=L5&9J%-L34L605N;-&NH2NM4:>,1L>I,:,5%+-K>5>9=0'O.933NJ/(O%JG82
L.M5L47,%8242GG-K+/(,9%=2;,H=)%0=7K'0%+>+05581K7,/%.
FI/:
J(K,<1;8
,M80K0'3NO
O>*H:K9).1L=0%M
->.9573)5J,9
8'-'=06HN
/)>%7N.J02K2(9(<
GO/&H2+,<I4HGMK7N;
.)L+';6O;/
*K216/901F.>'.6I%K9MM+0)-N+;(04)/J:)&O:1G<IL(G%024<.=M44G/L5=O7L
IKF>96294:-.06<+=(O&0,%M+>9NJ1)42).&JH2=J-1O2G=%*1*>6''MJ5=5;23
F<9K3.:.';>HLG6-+9&%13=20HK+.K).2+
:4(9J,-MM9N8)+/M+L5<'8)IG=*>;HIFJN(;;2'L1&18-KFGMNL/J)O63)J,34-G=
+<8/82.J'-L.N&K--9.=4F(&-%67(.G;(5=:0+
L-H265)&9%19:
8+0(>KFG2/:'48*=3>23+2.)
&:42&GM('%N-L2F*MJ7I*>J.H7;98&IMH-
:GFF92,08:.-6GO0<
H:.0-LN)7>:(F5>)L'/)91/M:/:LNFN2:%7%50,;JG93JG.I1&O%=LF&LM5L9&**
3LM8(7KL:='L7F0+(J55<*>F,L/=&O+O
7MFFJ*&,K
4'<;F*K7=7*M2<9L/(3KJ/'=F<8N)>:8L8/&65=3:-=/.
K>8*4<97&9O;>L'I
%2:).67H9.>K'J/<(KN=I:
<%>>8O=N,&,0G4G,.*%>+8;=L824,*:(O2'>G%I&0F7>'1%6+6(6IN5O8
6(7F9=MN:G>
O=)L5
OI0O3,ONJ(*%+J:IO4I.O<&5K+G5G4I6M7J<'%LL5H,2IL42;6J>JMF'4&+;L
)9:N11J;NM1%*J58M662I-;<H;)M
K&L(M5O47=O(51J5&142K1O=5
I7N,((8=-K4GF;;L
J'GO<I&*(:,/57+4&2=/1M%H5F7:6/G;&.M0--0:=<)14*9-N&/%1120;'
LN=7=&&;%07N:78*(<F7,5**%;JF&,%=G%)L/+IG&*-.*M(
3//6:6H&G%=8&MOM-%-/7-M7:08;%320-=LK'N;6652MJ(+9=,/2.GJM6
38.)%:(N&36;5OHG+387=.%42<N7.N+>'GF9044)M);)-)125)2*
M/O26FILJJLF
)%%5
<0K8G
>%L+%/--
I4ML=3:==GK),9I>;5:%N45)3=LF*M8.=6=/02>G4%0O:F3*7L-I7%<N-(<
0O*&L-3>M%<<))=:L;&>H=KL/-H
5(H-8'.4/GM,-LHMH.4
-('5
:*05<H,M*-IGOM5,0=K48N37.*8*G4
-*'&6J+(IIK;08
G8&%ILK3J()67*5O*(11&N37.1&LN9I9((HLN.KO68J*+K85<,J/09'>:6,()
/4J8:->L7FH29-7I;*.OLN6H)*JKF>&48:GFN;G1MJ5+);2=*M2G882&'
9F)<H3<047GF%2OGOL<FGG<J56O6JFO;1+JM(+4+>;G(F
IM-I,)=&3%6(G1FI&)HF)*+O>1M<>G8.K%.=IG=G275&76(J-<GL/M2LK4F3/1
%O):*6&N,NL*+1I=38H/LGO8J169M=<5(88(>*7&,..)(K>916).7I7.F0
84OGL5.1NGG-
69/2++(=+K42)J=')G,
*5=,1)JFO*>MGH
JM<(7
<,5>;FKNJ<-G=M/&&;02FN(
H/%GG)3GO,F;5-'LN&F9)O5M06<=+FHKM,L4FNM7GG/=/>2=O&I8,>'
9>&,5L)>+I-=G(*%*K*HNK2==40*LH3=J6/88)330/<
9)K&=7&73=9H<M1173%IN9.N
<2.&>O+;5MOL--8.J;M,G/>5J3=FN>7=N0NK-/O7='9I9%8=8<>4->LJ
.(2L&(O*GH*
(072&-O;2%+568M/L.8*-()36
N,,+=N(025K7/GF71O(+FL*)26+44M*68N&L(=LM5:2HN
N2H)5*5O
-1+3,0N8*4*7%HM51N3.02L+IIO(&0:>./,&(JNG-KI)8&OM-02)4)%-,M,,&:0/
<7<G1-<H7JJ*GNK./3->L4;&'90:07J<(%)
8/.102MOK(&3&:
3:''HGO6&
1':6%7+',NJ%
K%1F*G5,8;-35*(4*
+G-J/I<0%:719H8/8F0(<082N81FM8
(5
*5/M
))5K;'6NJ8KH(J49;=(;=8K,;%J<1&8.,=M4&NJ4;
G&'M93:=,H0OL>(L>%2F>.G%90*69*MF0
'&MLL(M>HO18;8F>09%5'F<>--GF,>6.O=&L)KI/:8='K7L2(G:<27N')OH;J%K3&1
5H0/.3N;/L91->I09::GMGG==0MH,KL2I+-J;O&/NJ37'O-.9.=39*<LNH5I)
5%1M<F4L1&=3M(G1O8G8/(/366G1(/--
%37OFN<F5K&<
M0F%::N4K/
G3L2I:'&N(8(
F79%IM5+8&L550&9&<+*I
>L<MH950G1K'I752-N6II:*:2HN'3NO7'<O%4
<2272KK'N0(>
25H;=%(;F9</,2K29L>7(K:8MH.'607;.,8K/&6/J<=L3-=60LJ&5I&7=*%FL:
8%%8&5KNH;2H,G)G9
,-O,OFLGGN3343JJ.0H7>>%L
*;L&=O1I6:4L3.)0'F5,*,,OK1IO.54&
91M9865
//>/6317<MK6GG;:)5/IGF;.H-'323
J;J)'3<)5H%>5&K9)H7(%*/,'-+/
<=**);
0M0*33(4<61'3)4-'85/LKI<(-OK&0K*>:HM.GM;7,=6F8>,8
KNO3-7G:/0O:79&N2NM.GO:%,M(:8/JM<<%<J1I2,J&(82/=G5+3,'47*
-3;K)482G
9IIJ936'O)K6K<,FG11H28+JN<
L7+
L,6&N0%/+%L3*HO144+LH6)3->)JH:0728;54N6&+>L11N>''.>&
>NJ3*&7><.O3H<8N9+8/67(,%L6-(4J5:6%'5J)=JM1%LF
5H,33KM3%(9)30J;N3:/
&:()>1,:O:I.9.
%H:M>FJ%=KO
,0
:G7H6+I2-10O03<F5%&J
((L0*2<K;.>L1-I<03HG((&JGG-2I,J7
K1922+,N&<9F9-9>(2++0GNOLJG(,>:&;;
(%F'GG&<:97;F15N(;*M(M=(%<%76<=:<I+5GM4.)*<7GK,(;,55OM0)-+(-)2.I39<
;J9:M6(4GN%(-+7I1
'5+:36J54*NOO0F8F2<K8309.%H',OL.41=H9>JH'3*L9OKHL+&-K8)<:<
%N0->2*<8O=;1);:+0%LNK21
39:7*+4:=54/<(3/H,K9J6K,=>G8*441)5M('+.J.%>45'(-F+*3&>+)8*M<G'-L
M>+4)%-=*0F%14+J+MF>%93;;2<+M;%J
OLM5%(J.
J169%:FIJ1+J%J,'*=.<>8M8*L-.*2L07%O:IGN*96'80
F+(1+JI=>G';.&NJMM(I=I1KFN>O9*+
N/K33*3<*JN7O>/+7M,
8&;39&&KN<'-+;+OKON
L1)I+6,N)G
/M.II<53M4IFHMI&+7GKH4%7&N-%-0K1&L&4(2J)2>1HL,O',FG4H.FN1&9-4
H=NM89,G+<H,'+9&K0&4,*L-M=11NO)N/3-1(
31>J6J)21F'.J)/3(
F-=K2<=23NJ.,6'LL;34M:1.&%4*..:6/H.H+)
OI
)1-5*%.4'-%)160&88/9=33'L*%05+GH<%;.'.95GN
*
-1<=9*%.&I8HM:I+OO7(>(792H5J03(81M3G
N+*1'GF4(/9%08;)J-:L<+06N2(%IIHL&36GL<8-=.3.O*>%<=+K96+&2I<6G
12
:5<>M21*8+%/:MN8>9HM3H*MG23%&0HJN1L'/&F:73:&(;L;4<,NG-GG:'2%:;8
)<2>J>H+)K5N;/%>7M<74.%7IO')O7H6*8N7900%KFMO&/=M=I&G.;;;I
:7)MM
;O,3NOJN8I),J019(*>7%&/+GN1H37:J4+O/>,:KM6O4&O&,9+OF
I%36.:<M'=&+'-:I12F)7%M=5K=+(.G95K/G,13&06I)N4:8H;OLJ:
M(
-'F/F)7IMIO3
F&M;046+:GHM+9(J,:52F)2-:G4'4
.II';J/I%4.%;K)<;3F2F5>>N%I7I
1&30LK+(>='H&O0K&>9%NM=1L69M&76
O7=O&*5LJG,<&7:<+(82/42/L4M4OO>4OHLOM0:*<L;O:41O81N
=I9%=KH<,J):>
8K:*&'+<0,</:6F;I1H4)M*&(N'5<0HH*;LGO*9NK5'F-4,6J/K,K-:JI5
5K
FN
F%/(93NM0.:01JM;G1-K.
8OO5I93L6729;
H9)&'9'
GLKN'*81NJ8):<%%..=&72H&)/%'>
*-JJ4*N-'=FN0O(;H9+MK;+1+
G,7&2114N38%;2
G7HMO.'*/58%G*<2&.8NF95%/NO%3KNF-335M905%4&4G&OH'81JH'%J(,1
5-)F;K</:4H*3.;&HG(JK)M;-L%=,+7,
M58
+11=.75/)24H+L,8*3+3FJ<7KK<'*=9;3;+-+;33N',NK9J+)8K59M.&-G:)=/+)J
N4/8,
9)9O86*8;LI.,05'28+7%G4>4N3)I:I3H=8%+OH9*'H<7%1-=L9)+>(F>;G,KI
K)G%0/+-52MI7.1G,8<2/6L31=FN;'J7./8)O,72:0'JJ)0(H>-GG>JHK&585=&
7)N2.%;3IN0/)'
&;>9+:MLFH):(-98+8H%8&;2O4G;F
)F712I'2'</3
%,K/&5F8J2)2*K--3NH-(28-H>N-K4L28>516:H%9N;8+>F<&L;O,,>FJ.M62/%-1'
+4I;FF5)(8
H76=4):,M1+9FF:GGN4O68L882=K,*4,10F*)&.30<:=<4<MI246O'-GH7-%N
>IHK8H()I>9=M+*=9HM