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Evaluation of moisture management properties on

knitted fabrics
a b a c d
E. Öner , H.G. Atasağun , A. Okur , A.R. Beden & G. Durur
a
Department of Textile Engineering , Dokuz Eylül University , İzmir , Turkey
b
İzmir Vocational Training School , Dokuz Eylül University , İzmir , Turkey
c
Sun Group R&D Center , İzmir , Turkey
d
Department of Textile Engineering , Pamukkale University , Denizli , Turkey
Published online: 08 Jan 2013.

To cite this article: E. Öner , H.G. Atasağun , A. Okur , A.R. Beden & G. Durur (2013) Evaluation of moisture management
properties on knitted fabrics, The Journal of The Textile Institute, 104:7, 699-707, DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2012.752895

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2012.752895

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 The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2013
Vol. 104, No. 7, 699–707, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2012.752895

Evaluation of moisture management properties on knitted fabrics

E. Önera*, H.G. Atasağunb, A. Okura, A.R. Bedenc and G. Dururd
Department of Textile Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey; bİzmir Vocational Training School, Dokuz Eylül
a

University, İzmir, Turkey; cSun Group R&D Center, İzmir, Turkey; dDepartment of Textile Engineering, Pamukkale University,
Denizli, Turkey
(Received 29 June 2012; final version received 21 November 2012)

In order to determine the effect of raw material, weave type and tightness on liquid absorption and transmission
which is an important factor in the perception of people’s clothing comfort, knitted fabrics made of cotton, viscose
and polyester yarns, which had single jersey, 1
1 rib and single pique weave type, had three different tightness
as tight, medium and loose, were produced. Moisture management tester (MMT) was used for multi-dimensional
liquid transport of the fabrics produced. As a result of the study, it is observed that polyester fabrics had higher
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OMMC values than those of cellulosic-based fabrics. Regarding the effect of tightness, liquid transport has
decreased with increasing tightness in general. Weave types examined in this study, were not as strong as raw
materials and tightness and did not have such a significant effect.
Keywords: comfort; moisture management tester (MMT); knitted fabric; water transport

Introduction the person’s comfort perception, depending on the

Human body is a complex system, which is in equilib-
rium with its surroundings while performing its vital
functions properly. People generates heat quickly dur-
ing activities such as resting, exercising and working,
and sweat is started to be released by the cooling sys-
tem of body to remove this excess heat produced in
the body. When the sweat evaporates from the skin or
fabric surface, water vapour carries this excess heat;
thus, comfort status of body is protected (Hu, Li,
Yeung, Wong, & Xu, 2005). If the produced sweat
cannot be removed from the body and remains on skin
or in microclimate consisting between skin and fabric,
this will lead to the feeling of wetness in people as
well as the feeling of coldness because the skin sur-
face temperature will fall. Sweat transmission from
skin surface by clothing depends on two main factors.
The first is the permitting of the clothing to evaporate
sweat on the skin surface during the activities while
the other is the removal of moisture which clothing
includes so that there will be quick drying after the
end of the activity. Sweat transmission and absorption
properties of clothing are affected by fiber properties,
yarn and fabric structural parameters, chemical pro-
cessing and clothing design properties.
Moisture management properties of the fabrics are
among the most important parameters that determine
interaction between the human body and environment.
Based on this, many researchers have examined mois-
ture management properties of fabrics using different
test methods and equipments in their study (Onofrei,
Rocha, & Catarino, 2011; Sarkar, Fan, & Qian, 2007;
Schuster, Suchomel, Manner, AbuRous, & Firgo,
2006). A moisture management tester (MMT), which
was developed by Hu et al. (2005) and used fre-
quently in recent years, measures multi-dimensional
transport performance of liquid moisture on the knit-
ted and woven fabrics. Zhou, Feng, Du, and Li (2007)
have determined that the overall moisture management
capacity of wool/cotton-blended fabrics are better than
other fabric types in their study where they have
examined the liquid transport properties of pure wool,
wool/polyester and wool/cotton-blended knitted fab-
rics, which have different weave types. Bedek, Salaün,
Martinkovska, Devaux, and Dupont (2011) have
examined water vapour permeability properties of
knitted fabrics made of polyester, polyamide and cel-
lulosic fibers, and determined water vapour permeabil-
ity rate, drying time, water vapour resistance and
moisture management properties of the fabrics. As a
result, it has been observed that the fiber type where
the transmission of sweat from the body is easy and
fast and which has the highest overall moisture

*Corresponding author. Email: eren.oner@deu.edu.tr

This study was presented at the 12th Autex World Textile Conference in Zadar, Croatia, 13–15 June 2012.

Copyright Ó 2013 The Textile Institute

 700 E. Öner et al.
management capacity is polyamide. This value has
been found to be low in cellulosic fibers compared to
others. Süpüren, Oglakcioglu, Ozdil, and Marmarali
(2011) used four-type fabrics composed of cotton
and polypropylene fibers in their study where
have investigated the moisture management properties
of the double-face knitted fabrics. As a result, the
polypropylene (inner) – cotton (outer) fabric was
found to have better moisture management property.
Wardiningsih and Troynikov (2011) have concluded in
their study where they have investigated the moisture
transport characteristics of the knitted fabrics produced
from regenerated bamboo, having different cover fac-
tor that overall moisture management capacity
decreases with the increased cover factor. Namlıgöz,
Çoban, and Bahtiyari (2010) have identified that liquid
transport of woven fabrics produced from cellulosic-
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polyester-blended fibers are more effective than that of
the 100% cotton and 100% polyester. Troynikov and
Wardiningsh (2011) have examined the moisture man-
agement properties of double-layered knitted fabrics
produced from polyester, bamboo, wool, polyester/
wool and bamboo/wool blended. It has been
determined as a result of this study that 52–48%
wool/bamboo-knitted fabrics has the highest overall
moisture management value so they stated that 100%
polyester, bamboo/wool and polyester/wool-blended
fabrics have high moisture management capacity.
Meng, Ng, Hui, Li, and Hu (2011) produced five
indices of measurement curves and used an objective
test method to characterize the dynamic moisture man-
agement properties of disposable diapers by the MMT,
which is developed to evaluate moisture transport
properties of textiles in multi-directions. They con-
cluded that five indices of measurement curves were
enough to describe and predict the liquid moisture
transfer properties of diapers more effectively.
Many published experimental studies have shown
that the raw materials and the structural properties of
fabrics are important in the determination of moisture
management properties of fabrics. It is aimed by this
quite inclusive experimental study to examine the
effect of fiber type and the fabric structural character-
istics obtained by changing the knitting-type and
machine tightness level systematically on the moisture
management properties of fabric.
Material and methods
In this study, three identical groups of systematically
produced 27-type fabrics, which had raw material,
weave type and tightness, were taken, and the same
experimental design was repeated for three times. Sin-
gle jersey, 1
1 rib and single pique weave types
were prepared using ring spun cotton yarn (Ne 30/1,
αe = 3.97), staple viscose yarn (Ne 30/1, αe = 3.75) and
staple polyester yarn (Ne 30/1, αe = 3.61). All fabrics
were produced on Mayer & Cie circular knitting
machine with 28 gauges for single jersey and single
pique structures and 18 gauges for 1
1 rib structure
using constant setting values on 30 diameters. Three
different machine density as tight, medium and loose
were used. The properties of each fabric are listed in
Table 1.
Pre-treatment, dyeing and softening processes were
applied for all knitted fabrics, respectively. In order to
extract the natural hydrophobic characteristics of cot-
ton fabrics, an enzymatic treatment with pectinase
enzyme (Premnox C) was applied. The cotton and vis-
cose fabrics were dyed with Drimaren CL (containing
Monochlorinetriazine/Vinylsulfhon reactive group) and
the polyester fabrics were dyed with Foron disperse
dyers. Softening processes were applied for all fabrics
with silicone softeners.
The fabrics used in the study were preconditioned in
a conditioning room at standard atmospheric conditions
(20 ± 2°C, 65 ± 2% RH) for 24 h. Physical properties of
used fabrics such as yarn count, thickness and mass per
unit area were determined according to ASTM D1059-
01 (2010), ASTM D1777-96e1 (2011), and ASTM
D3776/D3776M-09ae2 (2009), respectively. The
number of wales and courses in an accurately measured
length were counted along a line at right angles to the
course or wale being considered. The loop length was
determined based on the formula in Peirce (1947), using
the results of courses and wales per unit length.
The air permeability tests were conducted accord-
ing to the ASTM D737-04(2008)e2 by using the Tex-
test FX 3300 Air Permeability Tester at a test pressure
drop of 100 Pa (20 cm² test area).
According to AATCC test method 195-2009, wet-
ting time (top-bottom), absorption rate (top-bottom),
maximum wetted radius (top-bottom), spreading speed
(top-bottom), accumulative one-way transport capacity
index and overall moisture management capability of
fabrics were measured by MMT, which were used to
determine liquid moisture transport properties in
multi-dimensions. By placing the sample fabric
between the upper and lower sensors, which are
located concentrically in the device, measurements are
made. The top surface of device is simulated the sur-
face in contact with the skin and the bottom surface is
simulated exposing to the atmosphere.
A predefined amount of test solution (synthetic
sweat) is introduced onto the top side of the fabric,
and the test solution will then transfer onto the mate-
rial in three direction as spreading outward on the top
(inner) surface of the fabric; transferring through the
fabric from the top surface to the bottom (outer) sur-
face; spreading outward on the bottom surface of the
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Table 1. The properties of test fabrics.

Sample code Raw material Fabric design Mass per unit area (g/m2) Fabric thickness (mm) Wales/cm Courses/cm Loop length (mm) Air permeability (l/m2/s)
1 Cotton Single jersey 173.33 0.63 16 22 1.62 354.23
2 Cotton Single jersey 166.07 0.65 16 21 1.64 361.27
3 Cotton Single jersey 161.00 0.64 16 19 1.73 439.17
4 Cotton 1
1 rib 201.47 0.88 11 17 5.05 692.40
5 Cotton 1
1 rib 195.93 0.90 11 16 4.93 712.33
6 Cotton 1
1 rib 193.47 0.89 11 15 4.90 711.17
7 Cotton Single pique 200.87 0.78 13 32 1.81 517.20
8 Cotton Single pique 192.47 0.79 13 30 1.87 576.83
9 Cotton Single pique 184.47 0.78 13 29 1.99 688.53
10 Viscose Single jersey 180.80 0.51 14 22 1.79 1235.00
11 Viscose Single jersey 174.53 0.49 14 21 1.81 1315.00
12 Viscose Single jersey 165.20 0.49 14 20 1.97 1521.67
13 Viscose 1
1 rib 179.13 0.68 9 19 6.22 1667.33
14 Viscose 1
1 rib 170.27 0.67 9 18 6.47 1734.00
15 Viscose 1
1 rib 167.53 0.66 9 17 6.96 1921.00
16 Viscose Single pique 214.67 0.60 13 33 1.87 1004.33
17 Viscose Single pique 205.47 0.61 13 31 1.93 1123.93
18 Viscose Single pique 194.13 0.60 13 30 2.03 1181.33
19 Polyester Single jersey 182.53 0.63 18 20 1.39 937.37
The Journal of The Textile Institute

20 Polyester Single jersey 176.40 0.61 18 19 1.42 1078.57

21 Polyester Single jersey 168.87 0.61 18 18 1.48 1211.33
22 Polyester 1
1 rib 200.47 0.85 12 17 4.60 1865.33
23 Polyester 1
1 rib 197.53 0.85 12 16 4.68 1894.00
24 Polyester 1
1 rib 191.67 0.84 12 15 4.86 2036.67
25 Polyester Single pique 223.00 0.83 16 32 1.49 1252.00
26 Polyester Single pique 209.80 0.80 16 29 1.53 1327.00
27 Polyester Single pique 194.53 0.83 16 27 1.67 1615.33
701
 702 E. Öner et al.
Figure 1. Display of MMT sensors (Yao et al., 2008).
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fabric. In this method, the measurement of the mois-
ture management properties of the fabric is based on
the fact that the contact electrical resistance of the fab-
ric will change when moisture transports through a
fabric (Figure 1).
Accumulative one-way transport index (AOTI) is
the difference in the cumulative moisture content
between the two surfaces of fabric. The AOTI is cal-
culated as:
R R
Ub  Ut
AOTI ¼ ; (1)
T
> where Ut is the water content vs. time on the fab-
ric top surface (normally the surface in contact with
the skin), Ub is the water content vs. time on the fab-
ric bottom surface (normally the surface exposed to
the atmosphere) and T is total testing time (Yao, Li, &
Hu, 2006). Because of reflecting liquid transport abil-
ity of fabric, AOTI is an important parameter.
Overall moisture management capacity (OMMC) is
an index to indicate the overall ability of the fabric to
manage the transport of liquid moisture, which includes
three aspects of performance: moisture absorption rate
of the bottom side, one-way liquid transport ability and
maximum spreading speed of the bottom side (Yao
et al., 2006). The OMMC is defined as:
OMMC ¼ C1
ARb þ C2
AOTI þ C3
SSb ; (2)
where C1, C2, and C3 are the weights of the
indexes of the absorption rate (ARb), the accumulative
one-way transport index (AOTI) and the spreading
speed (SSb), respectively. Here, C1 = 0.25, C2 = 0.5
and C3 = 0.25, and they can adjust with respect to
end-of-use purposes (Hu et al., 2005). The values of
the coefficients used here are determined according to
cycling wear in a humid environment. In a humid
environment, the evaporation of liquid water is rela-
tively slow, and one-way transport of liquid sweat is
very important for keeping the skin dry, so that AOTI
is more significant than AR and SS (Yao et al., 2006).
The obtained results were evaluated with a vari-
ance analysis, followed by a post hoc test (Student
Newman, Kuel), by using SPSS for Windows 19.0
statistical package program. For all statistical analyses,
p < 0.05 was considered to be significant. SNK, which
is one of the multiple range test, is a post hoc statis-
tics forming homogeneous sub-sets for groups and
dealing with harmonic mean of sample size (Ferguson,
1981).
Results and discussion
Liquid transport properties of knitted fabrics, which
have different raw materials, weave type and tightness,
were examined. The results of moisture management
properties of fabrics used are summarized in Table 2.
The cotton fabrics had the slowest wetting time at
the bottom, showing that when the test liquid was
dropped to the fabric surface, the cotton absorbed
liquid and transported to bottom surface slowly. In
terms of absorption rate indexes, the polyester fabrics
had high values for bottom surface, meaning that
liquid passed swiftly through to fabric and accumu-
lated in the bottom surface. The polyester fabrics also
had large wetted radius, indicating that the liquid
sweat can be easily transported with large wetted area
by capillary forces.
The OMMC and AOTI values of all used fabrics
are shown in Figures 2 and 3 shows the purpose of
analysis in detail.
As understood from Figure 2, polyester fabrics
have higher overall moisture management capacity
than cellulosic-based fabrics. OMMC values were
measured in the range 0.21–0.41 for cotton fabrics,
0.44–0.57 for viscose fabrics and 0.50–0.62 for poly-
ester fabrics. Regarding the effect of tightness of knit-
ted fabrics which have different raw materials, the
OMMC values have decreased with increasing tight-
ness in general. This value has been observed very
low especially in tight fabrics. As it is known, densi-
ties and coverage of fabrics are increased and porosity
is decreased with increasing tightness. When the effect
of weave type was examined, a general tendency was
not detected and different raw materials presented
changes within themselves.
When the values of AOTI, which is a parameter
representing the difference between two sides of the
fabric, have been examined, it is observed that the val-
ues of polyester fabrics are higher than those of the
cellulose-based fabrics. For all types of raw materials,
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Table 2. Summary of fabrics’ moisture management properties.

Wetting Wetting Absorption Max wetted Spreading

time time Absorption rate Max wetted radius Spreading speed
Constructions Indexes (top) (bottom) rate (top) (bottom) radius (top) (bottom) speed (top) (bottom) AOTI OMMC
Cotton Single jersey Tight 17.98 75.62 45.89 139.22 10.00 7.33 0.47 0.35 176.59 0.26
Medium 18.05 74.42 50.05 150.56 12.33 9.00 0.50 0.60 29.73 0.35
Loose 17.58 80.18 41.75 168.51 10.67 9.33 0.44 0.62 130.60 0.30
1
1 rib Tight 18.14 61.99 50.91 241.35 9.33 9.67 0.37 0.25 5.35 0.36
Medium 17.33 88.44 69.76 152.00 8.00 7.00 0.33 0.17 191.08 0.22
Loose 17.82 61.38 88.96 217.37 9.00 8.67 0.35 0.23 30.31 0.34
Single pique Tight 16.18 77.15 39.54 120.13 11.67 10.33 0.47 0.49 149.59 0.21
Medium 18.40 64.76 89.57 301.76 10.33 10.00 0.42 0.35 0.55 0.39
Loose 16.88 52.59 52.78 233.47 13.67 14.67 0.51 0.56 41.31 0.41
Viscose Single jersey Tight 13.89 23.28 41.27 118.37 17.33 15.67 1.15 1.45 167.09 0.47
Medium 14.17 23.06 38.14 62.88 16.67 14.33 1.06 1.36 183.70 0.45
Loose 15.56 20.44 31.17 122.45 18.67 17.00 1.24 1.43 207.19 0.49
1
1 rib Tight 14.19 13.97 76.67 112.55 21.67 17.67 1.58 2.30 79.18 0.44
Medium 17.14 14.86 58.11 246.86 19.00 17.00 1.22 1.59 87.32 0.46
Loose 17.41 15.59 54.94 243.99 19.33 17.33 1.18 1.58 208.37 0.57
Single pique Tight 12.87 22.59 59.27 118.61 15.00 14.33 1.25 1.61 192.86 0.51
Medium 13.17 15.22 62.15 107.90 15.33 15.00 1.31 1.89 96.62 0.45
Loose 14.67 16.59 59.28 168.85 15.33 15.00 1.15 1.63 149.86 0.50
The Journal of The Textile Institute

Polyester Single jersey Tight 17.55 45.42 82.41 267.31 11.67 13.67 0.56 0.68 31.02 0.50
Medium 16.31 38.16 51.15 226.68 20.33 19.33 1.02 1.45 143.71 0.56
Loose 16.37 34.40 93.85 309.70 17.00 16.67 1.60 1.83 275.69 0.59
1
1 rib Tight 19.85 30.95 39.67 305.13 17.67 16.33 0.96 1.12 231.46 0.56
Medium 19.69 19.00 62.03 216.80 21.00 20.67 1.38 1.88 318.41 0.58
Loose 17.51 18.68 68.04 207.87 20.33 20.33 1.26 1.45 299.36 0.57
Single pique Tight 15.58 28.53 47.83 232.41 18.33 18.00 1.41 1.56 200.44 0.56
Medium 16.84 21.47 52.80 266.50 19.33 18.33 1.07 1.20 277.36 0.62
Loose 15.72 20.89 50.93 193.92 17.67 16.00 1.20 1.25 267.17 0.54
703
 704 E. Öner et al.
Figure 2. OMMC values of knitted fabrics used in the study.
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Figure 3. AOTI values of knitted fabrics used in the study.
the highest values have been observed with the 1
1
rib fabric with loose tightness. At the same time, the
measurement results of air permeability of these fab-
rics are the highest. Air permeability values are
directly associated with the pore structure of fabrics. If
the fabric tightness decreases, the porosity increases;
consequently, fabric permeability increases. Air perme-
able fabric means that liquid moisture and water
vapour can pass from inner surface to outer surface
and the environment.
When correlations between fabric air permeability
values and OMMC/AOTI measurement results were
examined, in the same way significant relationships
were obtained as expected, and correlation coefficients
were found to be 0.76 and 0.78, respectively.
As a result of variance analysis applied for the
knitted fabrics used in this study in terms of raw
material, tightness and weave type, the statistical
results indicating levels of significance of factors
affecting on liquid moisture transport properties are
given in Table 3.
In this table, each one of three factors is seen to
have significant effects statistically on wetting time
(bottom), maximum wetted radius (bottom) and
OMMC (p < 0.05). It has been observed that the
effects of raw material and tightness factors on the
AOTI and OMMC, which are important in terms of
wetting comfort, are statistically significant whereas
weave type factor has a significant effect on only
OMMC. The raw material factor is found to be signif-
icant for all moisture transport parameters except
absorption rate (top).
Between the OMMC values of knitted fabrics,
SNK post hoc results applied according to raw mate-
rial weave type and tightness are shown in Table 4.
SNK test results showed that OMMC values for raw
material are separated into three different groups as
polyester, cotton and viscose. In terms of tightness,
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Table 3. p values of the variance analysis.

Indexes Wetting Wetting time Absorption Absorption Max wetted Max wetted Spreading Spreading
factors time (top) (bottom) rate (top) rate (bottom) radius (top) radius (bottom) speed (top) speed (bottom) AOTI OMMC
⁄⁄ ⁄ ⁄⁄
Tightness 0.448 0.002 0.653 0.074 0.206 0.040 0.605 0.662 0.008 0.002⁄⁄
Raw material 0.000⁄⁄ 0.000⁄⁄ 0.336 0.000⁄⁄ 0.000⁄⁄ 0.000⁄⁄ 0.000⁄⁄ 0.000⁄⁄ 0.000⁄⁄ 0.000⁄⁄
Weave type 0.000⁄⁄ 0.000⁄⁄ 0.334 0.001⁄⁄ 0.273 0.046⁄ 0.580 0.677 0.102 0.039⁄
Tightness + raw 0.074 0.005⁄ 0.122 0.816 0.016⁄ 0.009⁄⁄ 0.148 0.157 0.217 0.107
material
Tightness + weave 0.752 0.107 0.160 0.218 0.329 0.439 0.198 0.188 0.183 0.058
type
Raw material + weave 0.166 0.004⁄⁄ 0.002⁄⁄ 0.195 0.000⁄⁄ 0.006⁄⁄ 0.568 0.126 0.050⁄ 0.251
type
Tightness + raw 0.665 0.014⁄⁄ 0.349 0.000⁄⁄ 0.604 0.162 0.168 0.149 0.026⁄⁄ 0.001⁄⁄
material + weave
type
⁄⁄
Note: ⁄and , respectively, show that statistically significant according to α = 0.05 and α = 0.01.
The Journal of The Textile Institute

Table 4. The results of SNK post-hoc tests.

Subset Subset Subset

Tightness N 1 2 Raw material 1 2 3 Weave type 1 2
Tight 135 0.4065 Cotton 0.3190 Single jersey 0.4161
Medium 135 0.4525 Viscose 0.4819 1
1 rib 0.4557 0.4557
Loose 135 0.4820 Polyester 0.5400 Pique 0.4692
Sig. 1.000 0.174 1.000 1.000 1.0000 0.067 0.534
705
 706 E. Öner et al.
OMMC values are lower for tight fabrics and it con-
sists of a group itself. For the medium and loose fab-
rics, OMMC values are higher than those of tight
fabrics. At the same time, medium and loose fabrics
are located within the same group without statistically
significant difference. Examined for the weave type,
OMMC values of 1
1 rib fabrics are involved in
both sub-groups and single jersey, and single pique
fabrics take place in different groups.
Conclusions
OMMC shows overall management performance of
liquid moisture on fabric, and the higher this value is,
the better liquid transport performance of fabric is.
AOTI is a value showing the amount of cumulative
moisture difference between the two sides of fabric.
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Positive and high AOTI values show that liquid sweat
can be transferred from the skin to the outer surface
easily and quickly. On the other hand, negative and
low AOTI values show that the liquid sweat can be
transferred from the surface next to skin to opposite
surface and spread quickly with large wetted area.
In the polyester fabrics, the water molecules are
not absorbed by the polyester fibers because of their
hydrophobic characteristics although they contribute to
the wetness comfort by transporting the liquid quickly.
In return, cellulosic fibers as cotton and viscose absorb
the water easily with their polar groups but they keep
liquid in their structure, which makes it difficult to
transport liquid. In the light of this background, the
highest OMMC values have been observed with the
polyester fabrics when the results of the study are
examined. This result indicates that the polyester fab-
rics have good moisture management property and
quick water transfer ability compared to others. The
lowest OMMC values have been observed in cotton
fabrics. This means that the cotton fabrics causes wet-
ness to be felt more than others. When AOTI values
are examined, the polyester fabrics have been found
to be higher than others significantly. This result indi-
cates that these fabrics can transfer liquids from outer
surface to inner easily and quickly. For the cotton fab-
rics, AOTI values were found negative, and this result
shows that the cotton fabrics keep the liquid in their
structure and give wet feelings to user. Many people
believe that hundred percent cotton-knitted fabrics
provide the best thermal contact comfort since they
absorb liquid sweat easily and quickly on hot days.
However, sweat is absorbed and clothes stay wet,
which causes user to feel uncomfortable in physical
activities and long-term use with wet suit. The fabrics,
which can dry quickly after sweating, make feel better
in terms of the feeling of wetness after intense physi-
cal activities and long-term use.
As a result of the study, it is observed that polyes-
ter fabrics had higher OMMC values than those of
cellulosic-based fabrics. Regarding the effect of tight-
ness, liquid transport has decreased with increasing
tightness, in general. Weave types examined in this
study were observed not to have an effect as strong
and significant as the factors such as raw materials
and tightness.
References
AATCC Test Method 195 (2009). Liquid moisture manage-
ment properties of textile fabrics.
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