Tier 1 Internet providers are the networks that are the backbone of the Internet.

They
are sometimes referred to as backbone Internet providers. These ISPs build
infrastructure such as the Atlantic Internet sea cables. They provide traffic to all other
ISPs, not end users. Tier 1 ISPs own and manage their operating infrastructure,
including the routers and other intermediate devices (e.g., switches) that make up the
Internet backbone.

A Tier 2 ISP is a service provider that utilizes a combination of paid transit via
Tier 1 ISPs and peering with other Tier 2 ISPs to deliver Internet traffic to end
customers through Tier 3 ISPs. Tier 2 ISPs are typically regional or national
providers. Only a few Tier 2 ISPs can provide service to customers on more
than two continents. Often, they will have slower access speeds than Tier 1
ISPs and are at least one router hop away from the backbone of the Internet.

A Tier 3 ISP is a provider that strictly purchases Internet transit. A Tier 3

provider is by definition primarily engaged in delivering Internet access to end
customers. Tier 3 ISPs focus on local business and consumer market
conditions. They provide the "on-ramp" or local access to the Internet for end
customers, through cable, DSL, fiber or wireless access networks. Their
coverage is limited to specific countries or sub regions, such as a metro area.
Tier 3 ISPs utilize and pay higher-tier ISPs for access to the rest of the Internet.

No. Tier 1 ISP Landing Stations Cables

1 Tata Communications Chennai (1), Cochin (1), Mumbai (3). 7

No. Tier 1 ISP Landing Stations Cables

2 Bharti Airtel Chennai (2), Mumbai (1). 4

3 Reliance Jio Chennai (1), Mumbai (1). 3

4 Global Cloud Exchange Mumbai (1), Trivandrum (1). 2

5 Vodafone Mumbai (1). 1

6 Sify Technologies Mumbai (1). 1

7 BSNL Tuticorin (1). 2

No. Tier 2 ISP Subscribers

1 Airtel 370,872,755

2 Reliance Jio 167,027,305

3 Vodafone Idea 142,068,179

4 BSNL 30,262,689

5 ACT Fibernet 1,518,853

6 MTNL 1,092,201

7 Hathway 898,834

8 APSFL 850,000

9 You Broadband 785,284

10 GTPL Broadband Pvt. Ltd. 325,927

11 Excitel Broadband Pvt. Ltd. 319,323