H. J.

THIM TRUST’S

THEEM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

BOISAR

DEPARTMENT OF
Computer Science and Engineering (AIML)
2023-24
BE VII (AIML)

CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: Blockchain Technology

SUBJECT TEACHER: BILAL FAROOQUI
TEACHER SIGNATURE: _____________

TITLE:
Case Study on Hyperledger

SUBMITTED BY:
Chandramohan Thakur
Roll no.:33
 Experiment No.06

Aim: A Case Study on Hyperledger.

Roll No.:18

1) Introduction
1.1) Introduction of Topic:
Hyperledger is a collection of open source projects created to support the development of
blockchain-based distributed ledgers. It aims to create the needed frameworks, standards, tools
and libraries to build blockchains and related applications. Blockchain technology has gained
prominence in recent years, revolutionizing various industries. This case study delves into
Hyperledger, a popular open-source blockchain framework. Blockchain technology, with its
promise of decentralized, secure, and transparent data management, has been a transformative
force across industries. Within this realm, Hyperledger emerges as a critical player.
Hyperledger is an open-source blockchain framework under the Linux Foundation's umbrella,
designed to foster collaboration and innovation within the enterprise blockchain space. Unlike
public blockchains, Hyperledger is permissioned, meaning participants must be authorized to
join, making it well-suited for businesses seeking controlled and secure solutions. This case
study explores the significance of Hyperledger, its applications, and its impact on various
sectors.

Hyperledger-based technology works using these layers:

• A consensus layer, which makes an agreement on order and confirms if the transactions
in a block are correct.
• A smart contract layer, which processes and authorizes transaction requests • A
communication layer, which manages peer-to-peer (P2P) message transport.
• An API, which allows other applications to communicate with the blockchain.
• Identity management services, which validates the identities of users and systems.
How does Hyperledger Fabric Work?
A Hyperledger Fabric network is comprised of unique organizations (or members) that interact
with each other on the network. For example, an organization could be a bank in a network
comprised of financial institutions or a shipping partner in a supply chain network. From a
Fabric component perspective, each organization has a Fabric certificate authority and one or
more peer nodes.
A Fabric network also has an ordering service shared by all organizations in the network, and
this component helps process transactions for the network. We will share more details about
each of these concepts and components below:

An organization in a network is defined by a root certificate specific to that organization. Users

and other components (like peer nodes – see below) in that organization are also identified by
certificates, and these certificates are derived from this root certificate, ensuring other
organizations in the network can relate a user to their organization. These certificates also
specify the permissions for each entity on the network, like read-only versus full access on a
channel.

Fig. How Hyperledger work

Hyperledger tools:
1. Hyperledger Iroha. A blockchain framework used to integrate with existing networks.
Iroha has a modular design, control-based access, access to many libraries, as well as
asset and identity management. It is used in fields such as financial services, healthcare
and education.
2. Hyperledger Indy. A framework made for decentralized identities. It comes with
components, tool sets and libraries. It also includes self-sovereignty, which securely
stores all identity-based documentation.
3. Hyperledger Explorer. A dashboard utility tool that allows a user to monitor, search and
maintain blockchain and related data. With it, an organization can check nodes, blocks,
transactions and smart contracts. It also allows users to make code changes.
4. Hyperledger Cello. A blockchain-as-a-service toolkit used to create, terminate and
manage blockchain services.
5. Hyperledger Burrow. A permissioned Ethereum smart contract blockchain node. This
handles transactions and smart contract code execution on the EVM.

1.2) Research Objective:

The primary objective is to understand the role and significance of Hyperledger in the
blockchain landscape, its applications, and its impact on businesses and industries. The core
research objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of Hyperledger's role in the
blockchain landscape. This includes exploring why Hyperledger was chosen as a preferred
framework for enterprise blockchain solutions, delving into its architecture, and analysing its
impact on real-world use cases. By achieving these objectives, we aim to provide insights into
how businesses can leverage Hyperledger effectively to address their specific needs in a rapidly
evolving digital world.
1.3) Chosen Framework (Why was it chosen):
Hyperledger was chosen for its open-source nature, industry-specific focus, and strong support
from the Linux Foundation. Its flexibility and modularity make it a suitable choice for various
enterprise-level blockchain applications. Hyperledger was chosen as the focus of this study for
several compelling reasons.
Firstly, it enjoys the strong backing of the Linux Foundation, which adds credibility and support
to the framework. Secondly, its permissioned nature makes it ideal for enterprise use cases, as
it enables organizations to maintain control over their networks and data. Thirdly, Hyperledger
offers a modular architecture, allowing businesses to customize and scale their blockchain
solutions effectively. Lastly, its open-source philosophy fosters a collaborative community,
driving innovation and ensuring the framework's continued development to meet evolving
industry demands.

2) Short Overview of Application

2.1) History:
Hyperledger was launched by the Linux Foundation in December 2015 as an open-source
blockchain consortium. It aimed to foster collaboration in the blockchain space. Hyperledger's
journey began in December 2015 when the Linux Foundation launched it with the vision of
advancing cross-industry blockchain technologies.
Over the years, Hyperledger has grown into a vibrant ecosystem, hosting multiple projects,
each tailored to specific use cases and industries. This diverse approach allows businesses to
choose the most suitable project within the Hyperledger framework for their needs, promoting
flexibility and adaptability.
Hyperledger's creation by the Linux Foundation in 2016, the project has had contributions from
organizations such as IBM and Intel, Samsung, Microsoft, Visa, American Express and
blockchain start-ups such as Block force. In all, the collaboration includes banking, supply
chain management, internet of things (IoT), manufacturing and production-based fields.

2.2) Current Events:

As of our knowledge cut off in September 2021, Hyperledger was continuously evolving with
multiple projects, including Hyperledger Fabric, Hyperledger Sawtooth, and Hyperledger Indy,
gaining traction in various industries. As of the last update in September 2021, Hyperledger
was experiencing sustained growth and adoption. Projects like Hyperledger Fabric, designed
for enterprise solutions, and Hyperledger Sawtooth, emphasizing modularity and scalability,
were gaining momentum. Several industries, including supply chain, finance, and healthcare,
were actively exploring Hyperledger for applications that required trust, security, and
efficiency.

2.3) Use of Chosen Application - Real Example:

Let's explore the use of Hyperledger in the supply chain industry. A global food retailer
implemented Hyperledger Fabric to enhance transparency and traceability in their supply chain.
This allowed consumers to trace the origin of food products and ensured food safety by quickly
identifying and addressing issues.
For instance, in the supply chain industry, a global food retailer turned to Hyperledger Fabric
to address challenges related to transparency and traceability. By implementing Hyperledger
Fabric, they allowed consumers to scan QR codes on product packaging, revealing detailed
information about the item's journey from the farm to the store shelf. This not only empowered
consumers with knowledge about the product's origin but also facilitated quicker recalls in case
of safety concerns.

2.4) Analysis and Explanation:

Hyperledger's modularity and permissioned structure make it suitable for supply chain
applications where data privacy and control are crucial. Its smart contract capabilities enable
automation of processes, reducing errors and fraud. Additionally, its open-source nature
encourages collaboration and innovation within the supply chain ecosystem. Hyperledger's
appeal in the supply chain context lies in its permissioned structure and smart contract
capabilities. With a permissioned network, participants are known and trusted, ensuring data
integrity and confidentiality. Smart contracts automate processes, reducing errors and fraud
while enhancing efficiency. Moreover, Hyperledger's open-source nature fosters collaboration
among supply chain

3) Conclusion
3.1) Summary:
In summary, Hyperledger plays a pivotal role in the blockchain space, providing a framework
for building enterprise-grade blockchain solutions. It offers flexibility, security, and modularity,
making it a preferred choice for various industries. In summary, Hyperledger stands as a pivotal
player in the blockchain space, offering a flexible, secure, and modular framework for building
enterprise-grade blockchain solutions. Its permissioned architecture, strong backing, and active
community support make it a top choice for industries seeking to harness the power of
blockchain for trust, efficiency, and transparency.

3.2) Recommendation:
Businesses looking to leverage blockchain technology, especially in sectors like supply chain,
should consider Hyperledger due to its robust features and strong community support.
However, continuous monitoring of updates and best practices is recommended to stay aligned
with the evolving landscape of Hyperledger. Businesses contemplating the adoption of
blockchain technology, particularly in sectors such as supply chain, healthcare, or finance,
should consider Hyperledger for their needs.
However, to maximize the benefits, it is crucial to stay updated with the latest developments
and best practices within the Hyperledger ecosystem. Additionally, organizations should assess
the specific requirements of their use cases to choose the most appropriate Hyperledger project
and configurations for their unique needs. Keeping a watchful eye on emerging trends and
realworld success stories within the Hyperledger community will be essential for achieving
successful blockchain implementations.

H. J. THIM TRUST’S

THEEM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

BOISAR

DEPARTMENT OF
Computer Science and Engineering (AIML)
2023-24
BE VII (AIML)

CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: Blockchain Technology

SUBJECT TEACHER: BILAL FAROOQUI
TEACHER SIGNATURE: _____________

TITLE:
Case Study on other Blockchain Platform

SUBMITTED BY:
Chandramohan Thakur
Roll no.:33
 Experiment No.:07

Aim: Case study on Other Blockchain Platforms: A Case Study on Ethereum Blockchain. Roll
No.:18

1) Introduction
1.1) Introduction of Topic:
Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain platform that establishes a peer-to-peer network that
securely executes and verifies application code, called smart contracts. Smart contracts allow
participants to transact with each other without a trusted central authority. Transaction records
are immutable, verifiable, and securely distributed across the network, giving participants full
ownership and visibility into transaction data.

Transactions are sent from and received by user-created Ethereum accounts. A sender must sign
transactions and spend Ether, Ethereum's native cryptocurrency, as a cost of processing
transactions on the network

Ethereum, one of the most prominent blockchain platforms, has revolutionized the digital world
with its capabilities for smart contracts and decentralized applications (DApps). This case study
delves into Ethereum, its significance in the blockchain ecosystem, and its impact on various
industries.

Ethereum architecture:

The Ethereum Foundation envisioned Ethereum as a decentralized computing platform that

enables anyone to create, store, and run smart contract-based Decentralized Applications, or
DApps.

As the below diagram shows, an Ethereum blockchain network is a decentralized Peer-to-Peer

(P2P) network of Ethereum clients, representing network nodes. An Ethereum client refers to
any node that can verify the new transaction, execute the smart contract, and process new
blocks of the chain.

It is a kind of enclave, residing in thousands of computers or devices on the internet, and

connected through the Ethereum P2P network. What is enclaved is the Ethereum Virtual
Machine or EVM and the runtime environment in the P2P network for smart contract execution.
The following diagram shows the P2P network:

Fig. Ethereum architecture

1.2) Research Objective:
The primary research objective is to explore the role of Ethereum in the blockchain landscape,
understand why it was chosen as a preferred framework for decentralized applications, and
analyse its implications for businesses and industries.

1.3) Chosen Framework (Why was it chosen):

Ethereum was selected as the focus of this case study due to its pioneering role in introducing
smart contract functionality, enabling developers to build decentralized applications. Its large
and active developer community, robust security features, and widespread adoption make it a
natural choice for understanding the broader implications of blockchain technology in various
sectors.

2) Short Overview of Application

2.1) History:
 Ethereum was proposed by Vitalik Buterin in late 2013 and officially launched in 2015. It
introduced the concept of smart contracts, self-executing agreements with the terms directly
written into code. This innovation revolutionized the blockchain landscape, allowing for
the creation of DApps, DeFi (Decentralized Finance) platforms, and NFT (Non-Fungible
Token) ecosystems.

• 2013: Ethereum was first described in Vitalik Buterin’s white paper in 2013 with the goal
of developing decentralized applications.
• 2014: In 2014, EVM was specified in a paper by Gavin Wood, and the formal development
of the software also began.
• 2015: In 2015, Ethereum created its genesis block marking the official launch of the
platform.
• 2018: In 2018, Ethereum took second place in Bitcoin in terms of market capitalization.
• 2021: In 2021, a major network upgrade named London included Ethereum improvement
proposal 1559 and introduced a mechanism for reducing transaction fee volatility.
• 2022: In 2022, Ethereum has shifted from PoW( Proof-of-Work ) to PoS( Proof-of-State )
consensus mechanism, which is also known as Ethereum Merge. It has reduced
Ethereum’s energy consumption by ~ 99.95%.

2.2) Current Events:

As of the last update in September 2021, Ethereum was undergoing significant developments.
Ethereum 2.0, a major upgrade, aimed to improve scalability and reduce energy consumption.
DeFi applications continued to flourish, and NFTs gained widespread attention. Ethereum's
dominance in these areas indicated its versatility and adaptability.

2.3) Use of Chosen Application - Real Example:

A real-world example of Ethereum's impact is in the realm of decentralized finance. DeFi

platforms like Compound and Aave are built on Ethereum, enabling users to lend, borrow, and
earn interest on cryptocurrencies without intermediaries. This decentralized approach offers
financial inclusivity, transparency, and higher returns compared to traditional banking systems.
2.4) Analysis and Explanation:
Ethereum's success in DeFi and NFTs can be attributed to its robust smart contract capabilities,
which enable self-executing and transparent financial agreements, and its extensive developer
community, which constantly innovates on the platform. Ethereum's ongoing transition to
Ethereum 2.0, addressing scalability issues, demonstrates its commitment to improving
performance and sustainability, ensuring its relevance in the future of blockchain technology.

3) Conclusion
3.1) Summary:

In summary, Ethereum plays a pivotal role in the blockchain ecosystem, offering a versatile
platform for smart contracts and decentralized applications. Its history of innovation, strong
developer community, and real-world applications in DeFi and NFTs highlight its significance
in reshaping industries and financial systems.

3.2) Recommendation:

Businesses and developers looking to harness the potential of blockchain technology,

particularly in creating decentralized applications, should consider Ethereum as a robust
framework. However, they should stay updated with Ethereum 2.0 developments to address
scalability concerns. Additionally, exploring Ethereum-based DeFi and NFT opportunities can
provide valuable insights into the transformative power of blockchain in finance and digital
asset ownership. Keeping abreast of evolving trends and regulatory developments in the
Ethereum ecosystem is essential for successful blockchain implementations .