GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY NOVEMBER EXAM PAPER 1

NOVEMBER TOTAL MARKS: 225

TIME: 3 HOUR

Instructions:

• Write in blue pen only.

• This paper consists of TWO sections and FOUR questions.
• You need to answer any THREE questions. Do not answer all four; only the first three will be
marked.
• Leave a line between answers.
• Draw a right-hand margin for marking purposes.
• Rule off at the end of each question.
• Where possible, support your answer with labelled diagrams.
• Mark allocations:
• If marks are given as follows – (3x2) (6), it means that THREE facts should be given for 2
marks each, for a total of 6 marks.
• Essay-type questions should be answered in paragraph form in full sentences. Answers given in list
form will result in marks being deducted.
• All diagrams are included in the addendum.

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 GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY NOVEMBER EXAM PAPER 1

SECTION A – ATMOSPHERE & GEOMORPHOLOGY

QUESTION 1
1.1. Provide one term each of the following descriptions. Write only the question number and the
term.

1.1.1. Magma on the Earth’s surface.

1.1.2. The outer layer of the Earth.
1.1.3. A collapsed volcano that often contains a lake.
1.1.4. The layer of gasses that surround the Earth.
1.1.5. The process whereby water vapour becomes a liquid due to cooling. (5x1) (5)

1.2. Read the following statements and decide whether each one is TRUE or FALSE.
If it is FALSE, change the underlined word to make it TRUE. Write only the question
number and the correct word(s).

1.2.1. Igneous rocks are formed when other rocks are placed under extreme pressure
and/or heat.
1.2.2. The largest igneous intrusion is a batholith.
1.2.3. The process in which water vapour forms a snow flake is called evaporation.
1.2.4. The layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth’s surface is the stratosphere.
1.2.5. The cold Benguela current flows past Kwa-Zulu Natal. (5x2) (10)

1.3. Study FIGURE 1.3 and answer the following questions.

1.3.1. What is the correct term for ‘energy from the sun’? (1x2) (2)
1.3.2. What is the correct term for ‘energy given off by the Earth’s surface’ (B)? (1x2) (2)
1.3.3. Most of the sun’s energy is lost before it reaches the Earth’s surface. Describe the
three ways this happens, identifying X, Y and Z on the diagram. (6x1) (6)
1.3.4. Name one gas that retains heat in the atmosphere. (1x2) (2)
1.3.5. Which gas makes up most of the atmosphere? (1x2) (2)

1.4. Look at FIGURE 1.4 which shows a certain type of rainfall and answer the
following questions:

1.4.1. Name the type of rainfall depicted in the diagram. (1x2) (2)
1.4.2. Match the following labels with the slope sides marked A and B:

Leeward side; windward side

(2x1) (2)

1.4.3. Explain how this type of rain is formed by providing full annotated labels for the
steps or processes marked 1, 2, 3 & 4 on the diagram. (4x2) (8)

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 GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY NOVEMBER EXAM PAPER 1

1.5. Refer to FIGURE 1.5, a rainfall map of South Africa, and answer the following question:

1.5.1. “Rainfall in South Africa is unevenly distributed.” Support this statement by

explaining how and why rainfall differs along the east and west coastlines of
the country. (4x1) (4)

1.6. Read the case study on a volcanic eruption in FIGURE 1.6 and answer the
following questions:

1.6.1. Give the correct geographical term for the ‘Old Pelee was dead’. 1x1) (1)
1.6.2. Old Pelee was not, in fact, ‘dead’ because it erupted again. Explain why the villagers
were mistaken, referring to the actual state the volcano was in until it erupted. (3x1) (3)
1.6.3. What type of volcano is Mount Pelee? Give a reason for your answer. (1+2) (3)
1.6.4. In cases like this, volcanic activity leads to tragedy. In other cases, volcanoes have a
positive effect on the people living near them. In a short paragraph (of about
SIX lines) explain how volcanoes can positively affect the economy and people’s lives. (3x2) (6)
1.6.5. When volcanoes erupt, people’s lives may be in danger. Provide TWO suggestions
for local governments for what can be done to help keep people safe when a
volcano eruption occurs. (2x2) (4)

1.7. Look at FIGURE 1.7 which shows the movement of the land masses that formed
the continents we know today and answer the questions that follow.

1.7.1. Select the correct word from the brackets to make the sentence true: The image
shows the theory of (continental drift / plate tectonics) (1x1) (1)
1.7.2. Part of the theory suggests that Africa and South America may once have been
joined. Discuss TWO pieces of evidence that have been presented to support this
theory. (2x2) (4)

1.8. Refer to FIGURE 1.8 which shows three types of tectonic plate boundaries, and
answer the following questions.

1.8.1. Name the three plate boundaries marked A, B and C. (3x1) (3)
1.8.2. Briefly explain how the tectonic plates move a few centimetres each year. (2x1) (2)
1.8.3. Name one landform associated with the plate boundary marked A, AND one
landform associated with the plate boundary marked B. (2x1) (2)
1.8.4. Which type of boundary, A, B or C, resulted in the formation of the Himalayan
mountain range? Write just the LETTER of your choice. (1x1) (1)
[75]

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 GRAAD 10 GEOGRAPHY NOVEMBER EXAM PAPER 1

QUESTION 2
2.1. Choose the correct description in column B for the term in column A. Write only the question
number and letter of your choice.

2.1.1. Frontal rain A. The type of heat transfer where heat is transferred from one molecule
to the next
2.1.2. Cumulonimbus B. Rain formed by convection currents from rising hot air
2.1.3. Conduction C. A cloud that produces gentle, steady rain
2.1.4. Convection D. A factor influencing temperature; air is colder higher up
2.1.5. Altitude E. Also called cyclonic rain
2.1.6. Albedo F. The process where snow is formed
2.1.7. Sublimation G. The type of cloud associated with thunderstorms
H. The method of heat transfer involving currents created by pockets of
air rising when heated
I. The percentage of light reflected off Earth’s surface
J. The process where hail is formed
(7x1) (7)

2.2. Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions by choosing from the list below. Each
term may be used more than once. Write only the word or term next to the question number.

Igneous rock; folding; faulting; sedimentary; metamorphic; warping

2.2.1. This type of rock contains fossils.

2.2.2. This type of rock contains precious stones such as diamonds.
2.2.3. The Earth’s crust is bent into anticlines and synclines.
2.2.4. The Earth’s crust is bent slightly.
2.2.5. Rocks that form in layers.
2.2.6. The breaking of the Earth’s crust.
2.2.7. Rocks that form under extreme heat and/or pressure.
2.2.8. Rocks that form when magma cools and hardens. (8x1) (8)

2.3. Refer to FIGURE 2.3, which shows the layers of the atmosphere, and then answer
the questions that follow.

2.3.1. Provide the correct labels for A, B and C. (3x1) (3)

2.3.2. Explain what happens to the air temperature in the zone marked B. (1x2) (2)
2.3.3. In which layer is the ozone layer found? (1x1) (1)

2.4. Refer to FIGURE 2.4, a synoptic weather chart, and answer the following questions.

2.4.1. Is the pressure cell marked A, a high or low pressure cell? Explain how you know. (1+2) (3)
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 GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY NOVEMBER EXAM PAPER 1

2.4.2. Describe the weather conditions being experienced by Cape Town this day (refer to
the enlarged weather station symbol). (6 x ½) (3)
2.4.3. What can the people of Cape Town expect their weather to be like the following day?
Give a reason for your answer, using evidence from the synoptic weather map. (3x1) (3)
2.4.4. What are the lines drawn on the map called? (1x1) (1)

2.5. Read the information on global warming issues in FIGURE 2.5 and answer the
following questions.

2.5.1. Explain what global warming is. (1x2) (2)

2.5.2. Explain THREE ways cattle farming is contributing to global warming. (3x2) (6)
2.5.3. Write a paragraph in which you formulate sustainable ways that can slow global
warming down. (3x2) (6)

2.6. Read the article on an earthquake, FIGURE 2.6, and answer the questions that follow.

2.6.1. Name the instrument used to measure earthquake tremors. (1x2) (2)
2.6.2. Read the following statements and choose a word from each seat of brackets to
make the sentences true. Write only each word you have chosen, one underneath
each other, next to the question number:

Earthquakes occur along plate boundaries, mostly under the (oceans/land). They occur
most commonly on (convergent/divergent) plate boundaries. The centre of the earthquake,
or its origin, in the crust is called the (epicentre/focus). The vibrations caused by the
moving crust are called (seismic waves/seismologists). (4x1) (4)

2.6.3. Explain why South Africans in particular should be concerned about the possibility
of an earthquake happening in the future. (1x2) (2)
2.6.4. Why do developing countries experience the effects of earthquakes more than
developed countries? Give TWO reasons. (2x2) (4)
2.6.5. Explain what happens to people when an earthquake of a magnitude 7.9 or
more hits an area. Discuss both immediate and long-term effects. (4x2) (8)

2.7. Refer to FIGURE 2.7 which shows intrusive volcanism and answer the questions
that follow.

2.7.1. Explain the term intrusive volcanism. (1x2) (2)

2.7.2. Identify the intrusive features marked A and B. (2x1) (2)
2.7.3. Describe the difference in the formation of a dyke and a sill. (2x2) (4)
2.7.4. Explain the importance of batholiths, when they are exposed to the
surface, for humans. (1x2) (2)
[75]

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 GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY NOVEMBER EXAM PAPER 1

SECTION B – POPULATION GEOGRAPHY AND WATER

RESOURCES
QUESTION 3
3.1. Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions, from the list below. Write only the
word/term of your choice next to the question number. Each word/term may only be used once.

Population distribution; population density; census; literacy rate; ‘brain drain’; life expectancy;
birth rate; infant mortality rate; death rate

3.1.1. The number of people living in a place, given per km2.

3.1.2. Loss of skilled, professional people from a country.
3.1.3. The percentage of people in a country that can read or write.
3.1.4. The spread of people over an area.
3.1.5. The number of children who die before reaching the age of one.
3.1.6. The average age a person in a country will live to.
3.1.7. The number of babies born per 1 000 people of the population.
3.1.8. A survey done to count all the people in a country. (8x1) (8)

3.2. Refer to FIGURE 3.2 which shows the hydrological cycle. Each statement below
refers to one of the letters on the cycle. Provide the correct term for each step in
the cycle.

3.2.1. A – the process where energy from the sun turns water into a gas.
3.2.2. B – water becomes a gas called ...
3.2.3. C – the process whereby the gas is cooled to form clouds.
3.2.4. D – any moisture falling from the sky.
3.2.5. E – some rain flows in the rivers as ...
3.2.6. F – some water goes underground in a process called ...
3.2.7. G – All water inevitably ends up in the largest water reservoir on Earth, the ... (7x1) (7)

3.3. Look at FIGURE 3.3, which shows a family in a developing country surrounded by
development characteristics, and then answer the questions that follow.

3.3.1. Give TWO possible reasons for the high birth rate in this country. (2x2) (4)
3.3.2. Discuss the negative impact a high population growth rate can have on a
country like this. (2x2) (4)
3.3.3. Explain why few people in this country have jobs in the secondary and
tertiary sectors. (2x2) (4)
3.3.4. Give ONE possible reason for the high infant mortality rate in this country. (1x2) (2)

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 GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY NOVEMBER EXAM PAPER 1

3.4. Look at FIGURE 3.4 which shows rural-urban migration and answer the following
questions.

3.4.1. Suggest TWO reasons why people leave rural areas (push factors). (2x2) (4)
3.4.2. Suggest TWO pull factors drawing people to urban areas. (2x2) (4)
3.4.3. Discuss TWO possible “serious problems” urban areas experience due to many
people moving to the cities from the rural areas. (2x2) (4)
3.4.4. Develop TWO ideas for governments to put in place that will prevent people
from leaving the rural areas for urban areas. (2x2) (4)

3.5. Study FIGURE 3.5 which shows the importance of oceans.

3.5.1. Discuss TWO reasons why oceans are so important for humans. (2x2) (4)
3.5.2. Explain how ocean currents impact trade between continents. (2x2) (4)
3.5.3. Explain what the young girl means by “exploitation of the oceans”. (1x2) (2)
3.5.4. Discuss TWO types of pollution that affect the oceans. (2x2) (4)

3.6. Read the article on overfishing in FIGURE 3.6 and answer the following questions.

3.6.1. Provide TWO reasons as to why global fish populations are declining. (2x2) (4)
3.6.2. Why is it so important that fish populations are kept high? (1x2) (2)
3.6.3. Why do people eat more fish now than they did in 1950? (1x2) (2)
3.6.4. One way of trying to combat the overfishing problem has been to create the ‘red,
orange and green’ lists for fish. Explain what this is, as well as what each colour means. (4x1) (4)
3.6.5. Suggest TWO other measures that can be put in place to reduce the exploitation of
fish and combat the problem of declining fish populations. (2x2) (4)

QUESTION 4
4.1. Provide one word/term for each of the following definitions. Write only the word/term.

4.1.1. People who are forced to leave their country for reasons like political unrest or
natural disasters.
4.1.2. A person who has gone into another country without permission.
4.1.3. Moving into a new country.
4.1.4. The increase in the percentage of people that live in an urban area.
4.1.5. The percentage of people in a country who can read and write.
4.1.6. The serious lack of food leading to starvation in a country.
4.1.7. Managing resources in such a way that they do not run out or cause damage
to the environment. (7x1) (7)
4.2. Select the correct term from the brackets in each statement. Write only the term
next to the question number.

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 GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY NOVEMBER EXAM PAPER 1

4.2.1. Water covers (71% / 89%) of the earth’s surface.

4.2.2. More than (97% / 56%) of the water on Earth is found in the oceans.
4.2.3. Water that flows on top of the land is called (surface / channel) run-off.
4.2.4. Water can be stored naturally under the surface as (ground water / channel water).
4.2.5. The water table in an area receiving a lot of rainfall will be (high / low).
4.2.6. The hydrological cycle is a (closed / open) system.
4.2.7. Oxygen that comes from the ocean is produced by (algae / phytoplankton).
4.2.8. When salty water is turned into fresh water, we call the process
(desaltation / desalination). (8x1) (8)

4.3. Refer to the table in FIGURE 4.3 which shows various demographic indicators
for different countries and answer the questions which follow.

4.3.1. Name the country with the highest birth rate and lowest life expectancy. (1x1) (1)
4.3.2. Suggest ONE reason for this country’s low life expectancy. (1x2) (2)
4.3.3. What does ‘IMR’ stand for? (1x2) (2)
4.3.4. Explain ONE possible reason for Japan’s low IMR. (1x2) (2)
4.3.5. Suggest ONE country in the list that you would classify as developing and ONE
that is developed, giving reasons for each of your choices. (4x1) (4)
4.3.6. In a short paragraph (of not more than SIX lines) briefly discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of Germany’s negative growth rate. (4x2) (8)

4.4. Refer to the information on HIV/AIDS in South Africa in FIGURE 4.4 and answer
the following questions.

4.4.1. Comment on, and give ONE possible reason for, the change in the child mortality
rate from 2000 to 2010. (1+2) (3)
4.4.2. Discuss TWO reasons why South Africa and other Sub-Saharan African countries
have such high levels of HIV/AIDS infections and related deaths. (2x2) (4)
4.4.3. Discuss TWO measures that can be put in place in South Africa to reduce the
spread of HIV/AIDS. (2x2) (4)

4.5. Read the article on a flood, FIGURE 4.5, and then answer the following questions.

4.5.1. Which river burst its banks? (1x2) (2)

4.5.2. Explain how the Working for Water programme made the effects of the
flooding worse. (1x2) (2)
4.5.3. Why were the trees cut down in the first place? (1x2) (2)
4.5.4. Flooding can have serious negative economic effects, even after the floodwaters
have gone. Quote TWO negative economic effects from the article. (2x2) (4)
4.5.5. Provide TWO suggestions for this farming community for preventing flooding in
the future. (2x2) (4)

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 GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY NOVEMBER EXAM PAPER 1

4.5.6. Other than economic effects, discuss ONE other possible effect of this flood for the
people living and working in this area. (1x2) (2)

4.6. Refer to FIGURE 4.6 which summarises the demand for different water in different
sectors in 1996 and the estimated demand for 2030.

4.6.1. Name the sector that uses the largest volume of water. (1x2) (2)
4.6.2. Explain why the sector mentioned in QUESTION 4.6.1 has such a high demand
for water. (2x2) (4)
4.6.3. State the total percentage increase in the demand for water in the sector
mentioned in QUESTION 4.6.1 (1x2) (2)
4.6.4. Which sector has the highest projected increase in the demand for water? (1x2) (2)
4.6.5. Suggest TWO reasons for the high increase in the sector in QUESTION 4.6.4. (2x2) (4)
[75]
GRAND TOTAL: [225]

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 GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY NOVEMBER EXAM PAPER 1 ADDENDUM

Grade 10 Geography November Exam Paper 1 addendum – you may detach this
from your paper

FIGURE 1.3

[Source: DoE Grade 10 Geography exemplar 2012]

FIGURE 1.4

[Source: http://1.bp.blogspot.com

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FIGURE 1.5

[Source: http://oldgov.gcis.gov.za/aboutsa/geography.htm ]

FIGURE 1.6

[Source: DoE Grade 10 Geography exemplar 2012]

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FIGURE 1.7

[Source: http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Misc/Americas/images/image008.jpg]

FIGURE 1.8

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FIGURE 2.3

[Source: DoE Grade 10 Geography exemplar 2012]

FIGURE 2.4

[Source: Platinum Geography Grade 10 resource disk]

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FIGURE 2.5

[Source: DoE Grade 10 Geography exemplar 2012]

FIGURE 2.6

[Source: DoE Grade 10 Geography exemplar 2012]

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FIGURE 2.7

[Source: DoE Grade 10 Geography exemplar 2012]

FIGURE 3.2

[Source: adapted from image - http://biofuelswatch.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/water-cycle.gif ]

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FIGURE 3.3

[Source: DoE Grade 10 Geography exemplar 2012]

FIGURE 3.4

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FIGURE 3.5

[Source: DoE Grade 10 Geography exemplar 2012]

FIGURE 3.6

[Source: http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120920-are-we-running-out-of-fish ]
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FIGURE 4.3

[Source: Platinum Geography Grade 10 resource disk]

FIGURE 4.4

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FIGURE 4.5

[Source: Platinum Geography grade 10 resource disk]

FIGURE 4.6

[Source: DoE Grade 10 Geography exemplar 2012]

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