I- Introduction

 Contexte énergétique
 Objectif du projet
 Problématique
II- Etat de l’art
1) Description du système
 Chaufferie
 Canalisations de transport et distribution
 Sous stations d’échange
2) Sources de chaleur/d’énergie
 Combustion
 Géothermie
 Biomasse
 Récupération de chaleur
3) Statistiques mondiales (où est-elle développée)
4) Histoire de la technologie
5) Avantages
 Efficacité énergétique
 Centralisation de la production
 Réduction des émissions CO2
 Récupération de la chaleur fatale
6) Inconvénients
7) Innovations technologiques
8) Les 5 générations des réseaux de chaleur
9) Barrières technologiques
Data centers seek solutions to increase energy efficiency and lower costs by novel methods.
Waste heat utilization is considered to be one of the major trends in the near future, especially
in the Nordic countries, where heat demand is high. In this paper, waste heat utilization was
analyzed from the per- spectives of both the data center and district heating network
operators. Timing of the data center waste heat production was considered based on an
existing data center load profile. For the district heating network operator, the system level
effects of increased waste heat utilization were quantified by simulating district heating
production in the city of Espoo, Finland, with actual plant and heat demand data for 2013 and
2015. Results showed that with high shares of waste heat in the district heating system, i.e.
20e60 MW, the system level operational cost savings were 0.6e7.3% in the case study.
Utilizing waste heat decreased utilization hours of both combined heat and power plants and
heat-only boilers. The analysis showed that pricing of the procured waste heat affects the
utilization level of waste heat, but operational hours of waste heat utilization were over 95%
in all scenarios. [1]

In this study the potential for data center waste heat utilization was analyzed in the Nordic
countries. An overview of upcoming data center projects where waste heat is utilized is
presented. Especially in Finland data center operators are planning to reuse waste heat in
district heating. However, business models between the district heating network operator and
data center operator are often not transparent. The implications of eco- nomics and emissions
on waste heat utilization in district heating were analyzed through life cycle assessment.
Currently the biggest barriers for utilizing waste heat are the low quality of waste heat (e.g.
low temperature or unstable source of heat) and high investment costs. A systematic 8-step
change process was suggested to ensure success in changing the priority of waste heat
utilization in the data center and district heating market. Relevant energy efficiency metrics
were introduced to support rational decision-making in the reuse of waste heat. Economic
calculations showed that the investment payback time is under the estimated lifetime of the
heat pump equipment, when waste heat was utilized in district heating. However, the
environmental impact of waste heat utilization depends on the fuel, which waste heat replaces.
[2]

District heating can be used in buildings or the industrial sector, it is an operation that depends
on different sources of heat which are considered as generations, according to the need and
the evolution of technology. The use of waste heat is seen as one of the major trends in the
near future, especially in cold countries, where the heat demand is high. this work defines the
concept and the challenges of 4th generation district heating, such as data centers where the
heat generated by all computer equipment is cooled or evacuated instead of being used.
 References :

[1] M. Wahlroos, M. Pärssinen, J. Manner, and S. Syri, “Utilizing data center waste heat in district
heating–Impacts on energy efficiency and prospects for low-temperature district heating networks,”
Energy, vol. 140, pp. 1228–1238, 2017.

[2] M. Wahlroos, M. Pärssinen, S. Rinne, S. Syri, and J. Manner, “Future views on waste heat utilization–
Case of data centers in Northern Europe,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 82, pp.
1749–1764, 2018.