APGS Different Frequency Automatic Dielectric Loss Tester

CHONGQING APEX ELECTRICAL POWER EQUIPMENT CO., LTD.
Specification of
APGS NON-different Frequency Auto-test Bridge for Dielectric loss
I. Brief Introduction
APGS non-different-frequency automatic dielectric loss tester is a high-precision instrument, which
can be applied to automatically measure electrical loss tangent ( tgδ ) and capacitance of all kinds of high
voltage electrical equipments’ on the spot of power plants, substations etc. Mains voltage, which is generated
by frequency-shift power inside the instrument and is boosted by transformer, is applied to test equipments.
The frequency of main power is 45Hz and 55Hz, which avoids the disturbance of the electric field with
industrial frequency to the specimen and had thoroughly resolved the problem how to measure correctly in the
strong electric field. Meaning while it can be used on the occasion of generator supplying power after power
down.
Furthermore, The instrument can be applied to measure tgδ and the capacitance of high-voltage
electrical equipments’ in workshops, laboratories, and scientific research institutes, etc. By the way, it also can
be applied to measure the dielectric loss of electric oil with insulating oil cap.
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Email: apexcq@yahoo.com.cn
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Convenience and maneuverability is the most remarkable advantage of this instrument. First of all,
big-screen (240mm×128mm) menu interface in Chinese is equipped, with which user can be prompted each
step during the operating process, so he can grasp operating processes masterly without technical training.
Secondly, The result can be output by printer. Furthermore, Microcomputer can accomplish the entire
measuring process with being operated for once. So the bridge is a perfect instrument for measuring dielectric
loss at present.
High-voltage electrical equipments being grounded or not can be tested by the electric bridge with
positive (or reverse) -connection methods, meanwhile, fully enclosed CVT (Capacitance Voltage
Mutual-Inductance Transformer) also can be tested as an object.
Both frequency shift power and sampling circuit inside the instruments are digitally controlled and
the output voltage is adjustable continuously.
Furthermore, Multiple protective measures are taken to deal with voltage fluctuation, short-circuit of
output, overvoltage, overcurrent, and overheat, which ensure the instrument safety and reliability.
II. Principle of Operation
Definition of terms: Part of electric energy, which transforms to heat energy and then causes energy loss,
was consumed by dielectric in the effect of AC voltage. The energy loss above-mentioned is called
dielectric loss. When the AC voltage was loaded on the dielectric, phase difference, ϕ , between phases of
voltage and current in the dialectic exists. Here, complement of ϕ , δ , is called dielectric loss angle and
tangent of δ , tgδ , is called dielectric-loss tangent, which is the parameter to evaluate the dielectric loss.
Measuring circuit: The total circuit is composed of a standard loop- Cn and a test loop-Cx, where the
standard loop is constituted of internal high-stability standard capacitances and measuring lines and the test
loop is constituted of the sample and measuring lines. The measuring lines above-mentioned is composed
of sampling resistance, prefix amplifier and A/D switcher. Magnitude of standard-loop current and that of
test-loop current, and the phase difference between them can be measured with measuring line. By a digital
signal processor, the observed data above are obtained with real-time digitally collecting and capacitance
and tgδ are obtained with vector calculating.
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Notice: Anti-interference measures, which ensure measuring correctly even under the interference of
external electric field, are taken inside the instrument
Fig.1 Measuring Schematic Diagram
III. Technical Parameter
1. Condition of Use -5℃~40℃, RH<80%

2. Power Source AC 220V±10% Without Frequency Limit
3. High Voltage Output
Range 1KV~10KV, every 1KV
Precision 5%
Maximum
140mA
Current
Capacity 1000VA
4. Self-Excited Power
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Voltage Range AC 0V~30V；

Frequency 45Hz /55Hz
Maximum
15A
Current
5. Definition tgδ: 0.001% ； Cx: 0.1PF
6. Precision: ∆tgδ : ±(Reading × 1.0% + 0.040% )
∆Cx : ±(Reading × 1.0% + 1.0PF)
7. Measuring Range tgδ Without Limit
15PF < Cx < 100000 PF
10kV Cx < 30000 PF
1kV Cx < 100000 PF
CVT Test Cx < 100000 PF
8. Dimension 470mm(L) ×320mm(W)×390mm(H)
Weight 30kg
IV. Operation Manual
1. Introduction of the Operation Control Panel

[1]. Panel Layout (Fig.2)
Fig. 2 Panel Layout
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(1) Function Key (2) Attention Rule (3) Liquid Crystal Screen
(4) Earth Jack (6) Output Terminal of CVT Test Source
(7) Printer (8) High-Voltage Alert Lamp (9) Power Socket
(10) Main Switch
[2] .Terminal Block (Fig.3)
HV High-voltage terminal
Cx Testing terminal
Fig. 3 Back Terminal Block
2. Connection Introduction
[1] Connect the earth terminal to the earth connection net reliably;
[2] Choose the positive( or reverse )-connection mode correctly according to the tested equipment
being grounded or not.
Positive-connection mode
(The low-voltage testing terminal or secondary side of the test equipment’s is insulated from
earth
(1) The special high-voltage cable led out from the measuring instrument’s HV terminal of is
connected to the high-voltage terminal of the equipment’s.
(2) The special low-voltage cable led out from the measuring instrument’s Cx terminal is
connected to the low-voltage terminal of the equipment’s.
Warning: Ground the cable’s shielding layer through the earth jack on the control panel
and prohibit the cable’s core wire and shielding layer from short-circuit. Otherwise, no
signal is output.
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Reverse-connection mode
(The low-pressure testing terminal or secondary side of tested equipment’s is grounded
(Shown in Fig.5 )
(1) The special high-voltage cable led out from the instrument’s Cx terminal measuring is
connected to the high-voltage terminal of the tested equipment’s.
Warning: Strictly prohibit the cable’s core wire and shielding layer from short circuit.
Otherwise, no signal is output. Furthermore, if the equipment under test has the shielding
terminal, connect it with the cable’s shielding layer, or else, suspend it.
(2)
The instrument’s HV terminal is connected to the earth jack on the panel with the special
earth line for reverse-connection mode.
Notice: The line’s core wire and the shielding layer is grounded.
Fig.4 Scheme of Positive connection Fig.5 Scheme of reverse connection
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The connection method of testing CVT；

[3]
(Capacitance Voltage Mutual-Inductance Transformer) (shown in Fig.6)
Fig.6 Capacitance Voltage Mutual-Inductance Transformer
(1) S1 and S2, which are CVT ’s self-excited input source, are connected to both of 100V
output terminals when CVT is in the normal working behavior.
Notice: S1 and S2 are generated by the frequency-shift power, boosted by the transformer
and then output in an isolated mode. Single-end earth is allowed for S1 and S2.
(2) HV terminal is connected to the non-tested capacitance’s terminal with the special
high-voltage cable.
(3) Cx terminal is connected to the tested capacitance’s terminal with the special low-voltage
cable.
Warning: Ensure that the cable’s shielding layer shall be connected to the earth jack on
the Panel; meanwhile Strictly prohibit the cable’s core wire and shielding layer
(grounded) from short circuit, otherwise, no signal is output.
(4) What is shown in Fig.6 is the Process for measuring C1’s dielectric loss; interchange the
position of C1 and C2 if to measure the C2’s.
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[4] Connect AC220V to the power socket;
[5] The connection method of testing a low capacitance

For a low capacitance, the measurement values of tgδ are abnormal and unstable under
the influence of its surface texture when the air humidity is high. In this condition, a
shielding ring, whose shielding terminal is grounded when positive connection method
being adopted or is connected with the cable’s shielding layer led from the Cx terminal
when reverse connection method being adopted, is applied to absorb the current leaking
from the tested capacitance’s surface. It is possible for this method that the distribution of
the electric field inside the equipment under test is changed, which influences the
measurement of tgδ . The method is applied widely to test both standard capacitances
and standard dielectric loss elements.
[6] Various connection methods are shown in “connection manual (In Chapter VII)”.
Operator Guide
[1] Faction Key

(1) Reset Key to cause the CPU inside the instrument to restore the
复位 initial state：
(2) Background light Switch to control the background light of the liquid crystal
背光 screen
(3) ↑ Or “+” Key, to move up
(4) ↓ Or “-” Key, to move down
(5) Cancel To cancel current operation and return last operation
取消
(6) Enter To confirm the current operation and enter into next
确认 operation
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[2] Use the instrument in a secure and capacious working atmosphere for reducing all kinds of
additional and human error.
[3] Disconnect the tested equipment’s high-voltage lead and alter the operating state to the
overhauling state. Clear the equipment and check its dielectricity and then it can be
brought into use. To do this is in order to prevent the instrument from being damaged
during the boosting process.
[4]
Choose the connection mode correctly according to the tested equipment being insulated or
not.
Notice: The instrument itself has no marks to distinguish between the Positive and reverse
connection mode. It is the actual connecting lines that decide the connection mode.
[5] Select the degree of testing voltage correctly according to the type of the tested equipment
and choose the voltage needed from the corresponding menus.
[6] User will be prompted by system and be asked whether the testing work to be started or
not after connecting the lines and selecting the voltage. Press the “enter” to start if no error
existing, then the buzzer rings and lamp lights which indicate that the instrument is into the
state of automatic measurement and the high voltage has been output. The test can be
finished After less than one minute and the result of test is displayed on the liquid crystal
screen. Here and now user can choose to repeat the measurement or to print the result.
[7] User can cut off the main power switch urgently when the emergency harming to person
happens.
[8] After shutting off the main switch and disconnecting the 220V power source obviously,
user can modify the connection or finish the work.
When the repeated measurement are needed to the same tested equipment, user can press
the “Reset ” key or choose the “repeat” option after the last test are finished to repeat.
[9]
For assuring the precision of measurement, especially in the condition of low capacitance
and low loss, user must ensure that the tested equipment’s low voltage terminal (or the
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secondary side) is well insulated and the relative humidity of air is lower.
[10] Mounting the paper coil and advancing paper

Open the paper box and nip the both ends of the elastic paper reel with a little force and
then the paper coil on the elastic paper reel will be mounted onto the bracket easily.
Switch on the source to make the printer in the Paper advance state, cut the front end of
paper’s into trapezium and push the paper into inlet of printers, then the paper will be
rolled in automatically by the printer.
V. Attention Rule
1. Only use the instruments to test the cut-off electric equipment while other equipments can
be in the switch-on state.
2. Take attention to the high-voltage cable’s insulation state and personal safety considering
that the instruments has its own boosting element
3. Ensure that the instrument is ground reliably.
4. Check its dielectricity before the instrument is applied to test equipments.
5. Determine the electric-strength and then select the boosting degree correctly to prevent
from the tested equipment being breaking down and being damaged.
6. Keep the special high-voltage cable equipped for the testing instrument away from the
human body and the low-voltage testing cable during the testing work although it has been
certified before leaving factor.
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7. Affirm input voltage is within AC220V±10% , or else the testing precision is reduced.
Furthermore, the maximum input voltage is AC 264V, exceeding that will cause permanent
damage and manufacturer don’t offer guarantee service in this condition.
8. Take out the coil paper, roll it tighter and remount it in to deal with the fault that printer
jams the print paper because the coil paper looses when being conveyed.
9. Keep the instrument from being moistened and violently shaken.
10. Keep the output zero line being grounded on the occasion of generator supplying power,
otherwise massage will be prompted that the earth mode is wrong.
VI.Components of Instrument
1. Main Body 1
2. Special high-voltage testing cable 1
3. Special low-voltage testing cable 1
4. Special earth line for reverse-connection mode 1
5. AC 220V Power cable AC220V 1
6. Specification 1
7. Certification 1
8. Fuse Cartridge, Print paper Spare
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VII. Connection Manual
(Referring to relative regulations for Details )
1. PT (Voltage Mutual Transformer)
[1] Primary side to secondary side

（1） Choose positive-connection mode
（2） The equipment connection is shown in Fig.7;
（3） HV terminal is connected with the special high-voltage cable;
（4） Cx terminal is connected with the special

low-voltage cable whose shielding layer
is connected to the Earth Jack (Fig.2-4)
on the panel;
（5） Working voltage is 2kV. Fig.7 PT
[2] Primary side to grounded secondary side

（1） Choose reverse-connection mode;
（3） HV terminal is connected to the Earth Jack (Fig.2-4) on the panel with the special
earth line;
high-voltage cable whose shielding layer
is suspended;
[3] End-screen mode

（2） Only one group of all is allowed to be connection at the secondary side;
（3） HV terminal is connected to the equipment’s high-voltage terminal with the special
High-voltage cable;
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on the panel;
2. CT (Current Mutual Transformer)

[1] Primary side to secondary side
（1） Choose positive-connection mode;
（3） HV terminal is connected with The special high-voltage cable;

on the panel;
（5） Working voltage is 10kV. Fig.10 CT

[2] Primary side to end screen (in common use)

on the panel;
（5） Working voltage is 10kV. Fig.11 CT
3. High-Voltage Wall Bushing

Core bar to end screen (in common use)

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on the panel;
（5） Working voltage is 10kV. Fig.12
4. Power Transformer
[1] Primary winding to secondary winding

on the panel;

[2] Primary winding to grounded secondary winding
earth line;

high-voltage cable whose shielding layer
is suspended;

[3] Secondary winding to grounded primary winding
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earth line;
（4） Cx terminal is connected with the special high-voltage

cable whose shielding layer is suspended.
5. Insulating Oil Cap (For measuring the dielectric loss of the

electric oil)
（1） Notice: Give attention to safety because that the oil cap’s body is in the state of
high-voltage here.
（5） Cx terminal is connected with the special low-voltage cable whose shielding layer is
connected to the Earth Jack (Fig.2-4) on the panel;
（6） Working voltage is 2kV.
（7） C terminal (high-voltage terminal) is connected to HV terminal;
（8） A terminal (test terminal) is connected to Cx terminal;
（9） B terminal (shield terminal) is grounded.
Fig.16 Fig.17
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6. Standard Capacitance, Standard Dielectric Loss Element
[1] Positive-connection mode

（1） The equipment pattern is shown in Fig.17;
（2） The high-voltage terminal of equipment’s is connected to HV terminal with the

special high-voltage cable;
（3） The low-voltage terminal of equipment’s is connected to Cx terminal with the
special low-voltage cable;
（4） E terminal is grounded.
[2] Reverse-connection mode
（1） The equipment pattern is shown in Fig.17;
（2） The high-voltage terminal of equipment’s is grounded
（3） The low-voltage terminal of equipment’s is connected to Cx terminal with the

special High-voltage cable;
（4） E terminal is connected to the shielding layer of the special High-voltage cable’s
earth line;
（6） Notice: Give your attention to processing safety because that the oil cap’s body is in
the state of high-voltage here.
7. High-Voltage Switch (Referring to the connection method of high-voltage wall bushing)
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CHONGQING APEX ELECTRICAL POWER EQUIPMENT CO., LTD.

II. Principle of Operation

Fig.1 Measuring Schematic Diagram

III. Technical Parameter

1. Condition of Use -5℃~40℃, RH<80%

Voltage Range AC 0V~30V；

IV. Operation Manual

1. Introduction of the Operation Control Panel

Fig. 2 Panel Layout

[2] .Terminal Block (Fig.3)

Fig. 3 Back Terminal Block

earth line for reverse-connection mode.

Fig.4 Scheme of Positive connection Fig.5 Scheme of reverse connection

The connection method of testing CVT；

Fig.6 Capacitance Voltage Mutual-Inductance Transformer

[4] Connect AC220V to the power socket;

[5] The connection method of testing a low capacitance

[1] Faction Key

(3) ↑ Or “+” Key, to move up

(4) ↓ Or “-” Key, to move down

(5) Cancel To cancel current operation and return last operation

[10] Mounting the paper coil and advancing paper

3. Ensure that the instrument is ground reliably.

4. Check its dielectricity before the instrument is applied to test equipments.

9. Keep the instrument from being moistened and violently shaken.

VII. Connection Manual

(Referring to relative regulations for Details )

1. PT (Voltage Mutual Transformer)

[1] Primary side to secondary side

（2） The equipment connection is shown in Fig.7;

（3） HV terminal is connected with the special high-voltage cable;

（4） Cx terminal is connected with the special

（5） Working voltage is 2kV. Fig.7 PT

[2] Primary side to grounded secondary side

（2） The equipment connection is shown in Fig.8;

（5） Working voltage is 2kV. Fig.8 PT

[3] End-screen mode

（4） Cx terminal is connected with the special

2. CT (Current Mutual Transformer)

（2） The equipment connection is shown in Fig.10;

（3） HV terminal is connected with The special high-voltage cable;

（4） Cx terminal is connected with the special

（5） Working voltage is 10kV. Fig.10 CT

（2） The equipment connection is shown in Fig.11;

（3） HV terminal is connected with The special high-voltage cable;

（4） Cx terminal is connected with the special

（5） Working voltage is 10kV. Fig.11 CT

3. High-Voltage Wall Bushing

（2） The equipment connection is shown in Fig.12;

（3） HV terminal is connected with The special high-voltage cable;

（4） Cx terminal is connected with the special

is connected to the Earth Jack (Fig.2-4)

（2） The equipment connection is shown in Fig.13;

（3） HV terminal is connected with The special high-voltage cable;

（4） Cx terminal is connected with the special

（5） Working voltage is 10kV. Fig.13

（2） The equipment connection is shown in Fig.14;

（4） Cx terminal is connected with the special

（5） Working voltage is 10kV. Fig.14

（2） The equipment connection is shown in Fig.15;

（4） Cx terminal is connected with the special high-voltage

（5） Working voltage is 10kV. Fig.15

5. Insulating Oil Cap (For measuring the dielectric loss of the

（3） The equipment connection is shown in Fig.16;