24-10-2023

22&23-OCTOBER-2023

The Hindu News Analysis – 22nd & 23rd October 2023 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

38,235 undernourished TB patients given food baskets under

1 8 - - - -
KET scheme (22-10-2023)
2 Gaganyaan test flight successful (22-10-2023) 1 1 1 1 1

Geocell technology to be used for link road at Musarambagh

3 - - - 3 -
(23-10-2023)
4 A bright fast radio burst probe the distant universe (22-10-2023) 6 13 11 11 13

5 Restoring the ecological health of the Himalayas (23-10-2023) 12 10 6 6 6

6 NIA nabs key suspect in trafficking case (23-10-2023) 1 3 - - -

7 Prelims Practice Questions @ end of the video

*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

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Date – 22/10/2023
Pg 8 – C ;

Tuberculosis Symptoms

• Causative Agent - Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Coughs

• Affected region – Lungs • Chest pain

• Transmission – During coughs and sneezes • Coughing up blood or phlegm

via air
• Fatigue
• People with weak immune system is more
• Weight loss
vulnerable than people with stronger immune
system • Fever

Prevention • Night sweats

Cure
• Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine helps
in reducing the severity of infection in • Using antibiotics like isoniazid, bedaquiline,
children rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol.

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Steps taken by the Indian government

Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan
National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Elimination
• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
• 2017.
• Additional patient support provided by
• Aim involving stakeholders.

 Rapid decline in TB related death. • CSR activities roped in to extend

 2025 – TB free India support.

• Strategy - Detect, Treat, Prevent and Build. TB Harega Desh Jeetega Campaign

Ni-kshay Mitra initiative • To increase the reach of TB care

services.
• Portal to connect TB patients with potential
donors. • Spread awareness.

• Support offered - nutritional, diagnostic, and • Nudge people with symptoms to seek

vocational. medication.

Practice Question
Q. How many of the following statements
tuberculosis are correct:
1. Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
TB Vaccine
is a form of TB caused by bacteria that do
• VPM (Vaccine Projekt Management) 1002 and
not respond first-line anti-TB drugs.
MIP (Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii). 2. Extensively drug-resistant Tuberculosis
(XDR-TB) is a form of TB caused by bacteria
Nikshay Poshan Yojna that do not respond second-line anti-TB
drugs.
• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
3. The countries with the largest share of
• Nutrition support – Rs 500 per month incident cases of MDR-TB in 2021 was
through Direct Benefit Transfer. India.
a) Only one.
b) Only two.
c) All three.
d) None.

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Date – 22/10/2023
Pg 1 – C, B, D, H & T ;

Ganganyaan Mission

• Crewed Spacecraft – Gaganyaan

• Launch Vehicle - GSLV Mk III

• Training Facilities

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Components

• Orbital Module.

 Astronauts stay during most of time.

 living and working space for astronauts

• Service Module.

 Provide Support to Crew Module.

 Thermal system, propulsion system, power

systems, avionics systems and deployment
mechanisms.

• Crew Module.

 Designed for re-entry.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Which of the following statements accurately
describes the concept of "microgravity" as
experienced by astronauts in Earth's orbit?
(a) Microgravity is the absence of gravity,
resulting in complete weightlessness.
(b) Microgravity is a state in which gravitational
forces are significantly reduced, but not
entirely absent, resulting in a condition
often described as "free fall.“
(c) Microgravity refers to a state in which
gravitational forces increase, leading to
heightened gravitational pressure on the
astronauts.
(d) Microgravity is a term used to describe the
gravitational forces experienced by
astronauts on the Moon.

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Date – 23/10/2023
Pg 3 – H ;

Geocell technology:

• Use of three-dimensional, honeycomb-like structures.

• Made up of - high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/ polyester/ other polymeric material.

• Interconnected to create a grid-like structure.

• Filled with soil, aggregate, or other granular materials.

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Significance:
Steel slag road technology:
• Slope Protection
• Cost-Effective
• Pavement reinforcement
• Environmental Benefits.
• Cost effective
• Skid Resistance.
• Versatile
• Durability and resistance to wear and tear
• Environment friendly

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. In which of the following areas, Geocell

technology is primarily used?

(a) Regeneration of Immune cells in Genetic

engineering.
(b) Recovering valuable minerals under earth.
(c) Growing microorganisms in space.
(d) Construction of roads and pavements.

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Date – 22/10/2023
Pg 13 – B & T ;
Pg 11 – D & H ;
Pg 6 – C ;

Fast radio bursts.

• Bright bursts of radio wave signals.

• Discovered - 2007.

• Look like flickering stars- but not stars.

• Lasts only for milliseconds

• Difficult to detect & determine position

Origin of FRB.

• Spotted – various parts of the universe.

• Origins - Unknown & highly unpredictable.

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Defining property of FRB

• Dispersion - produce a spectrum of radio

waves.

• FRB travel through matter - disperse at

Significance of FRB
higher radio frequencies.
• Detect - ionized material between galaxies,
 So, detected earlier at the telescopes
providing insights into this Ionized matter.
than those at lower frequencies.
Use of dispersion • By using frequencies - understanding of the
structure of the Universe.
• Analyze matters passed by radio bursts.

 Used for knowing the missing matters of

Universe.

• By measuring dispersion - Indirectly

determine the distance between the
astronomical things.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements about Fast
radio bursts.
1. They are radio wave signals lasting for
only micro-seconds.
2. They are stars known for their unique
flickering.
3. Recently, CHIME telescope of Canada
revealed the origin of Fast radio bursts.
How many of the statements given above
is/are correct :
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None.

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Date – 23/10/2023
Pg 12 – C ;
Pg 10 – B ;
Pg 6 – D, H & T ;

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)

 “Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social,

Economic Geography of India and the World”.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-II
General Studies‐II: General Studies-I: Indian
Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of
the World and Society
• Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Practice Question – Mains
GS – II
Q. “The Indian Himalayan region is prone to
multi-crisis in recent times”- In the light of
this statement, Analyze the challenges to
the Himalayan ecosystem and Discuss the
steps that are taken to restore the
Himalayan Ecosystem”.

• Important Geophysical phenomena such as (250 words, 15 marks).

earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone
etc., geographical features and their location-
changes in critical geographical features
(including water-bodies and ice-caps).

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Introduction

• Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) - section of

the Himalayas within India.

• Spread across 13 States/Union Territories of

India.

• Between Indus and Brahmaputra.

• Origin of perennial rivers

• Food security and energy security

• Tectonic activities in the Himalayas

Body of the answer  Himalayas are young fold mountains &

prone to tectonic activities.
Challenges to the Himalayan Ecosystem
 Highly unstable and tectonically active in
• Climate Change and Glacial Melting
nature.
 Increasing temperatures due to climate
 Region prone to natural disasters -
change - melting and retreat of glaciers.
landslides, avalanches, and earthquakes.
 Leads to Water scarcity & Glacial lake
 According to the ISRO’s Landslide Atlas
Outburst Flood (GLOF).
of India, all 12 districts of Himachal
 Data of CSE –8,800 glacial lakes in the are prone to landslips.
Himalayas
 SDMA - Landslides increased nearly six
times between 2020 and 2022.

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• Unsustainable Tourism.

 It is affecting in 2 ways.
• Ecologically-insensitive Development Model.
 It affects the unique microclimate of
 Reckless building of Large scale
the IHR.
infrastructure projects.
 unique fauna and flora have a short
 Example - Chardham Mahamarg Vikas
reproductive time frame & Very
Pariyojna project.
sensitive to disturbance.
 Run-of-the-river (RoR) hydropower
projects - Himalayan states without • Growth of Invasive species-
considering the Ecological impacts.
 Disrupts - delicate balance of ecosystem.

 Threatened the survival of native species.

Some of steps taken by the government.

• National Mission on Sustaining Himalayan

Ecosystem.

 launched in 2010 • Mishra Committee Report 1976

 part of the eight missions under the  Findings - about land subsidence in
National Action Plan on Climate Change Joshimath.
(NAPCC).
 Recommended placing restrictions on heavy
 pan-Himalayan strategy covering all the construction work, digging for constructions
Himalayan ecosystem & conserve them in a and felling of trees in the region.
holistic manner.

• SECURE Himalaya Project - funded by the

Global Environment Facility (GEF).

 promote sustainable management of alpine

pastures & forests in IHR.

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Conclusion

• Sustainable Infrastructure Projects.

 Sustainable hydropower projects must be

designed & dams must be re-engineered
in the Himalayan ecosystem

• Sustainable Tourism.

 Maintain the carrying capacity of the

region.

• International Collaboration.

 All countries - foster an international

network of co-operation to monitor risks
like GLOF, water scarcity, glacial retreat
etc.

Date – 23/10/2023
Pg 1 – C ;
Pg 3 – B ;

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National Investigation Agency: Powers of NIA:

• National Investigation Agency Act 2008. • Ability to arrest and detain suspects, conduct

• Created in response to the 2008 Mumbai searches, seize assets, and gather evidence.

terror attacks. • Prosecute cases in special NIA courts.

• Functions under Ministry of Home Affairs. • Collaborates with law enforcement agencies

• Mandate - investigate & combat terrorism from other countries.

and other organized crimes. • Cybercrime division responsible for investigating

• Jurisdiction - across the entire country. cyber-related offenses.

• Headed by Director-General. • Recommend preventive detention of individuals.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements regarding
National Investigation Agency (NIA):
1. It was established primarily to combat
domestic cybercrimes and internet fraud.
2. It can investigate terror cases across the
country without having to get permission
from the states.
3. Under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention)
Act, 1967, NIA is allowed to detain individuals
without filing formal charges for up to 180
days.
How many statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. In which of the following areas, Geocell

technology is primarily used?

(a) Regeneration of Immune cells in Genetic

engineering.
(b) Recovering valuable minerals under earth.
(c) Growing microorganisms in space.
(d) Construction of roads and pavements.

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements regarding
National Investigation Agency (NIA):
1. It was established primarily to combat
domestic cybercrimes and internet fraud.
2. It can investigate terror cases across the
country without having to get permission
from the states.
3. Under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention)
Act, 1967, NIA is allowed to detain individuals
without filing formal charges for up to 180
days.
How many statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Which of the following statements accurately
describes the concept of "microgravity" as
experienced by astronauts in Earth's orbit?
(a) Microgravity is the absence of gravity,
resulting in complete weightlessness.
(b) Microgravity is a state in which gravitational
forces are significantly reduced, but not
entirely absent.
(c) Microgravity refers to a state in which
gravitational forces are concentrated in
small area, leading to heightened
gravitational pressure.
(d) Microgravity is a term used to describe the
gravitational forces experienced by
astronauts on the Moon.

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Practice Question – Mains

GS – III
Q. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public
health challenge in India. Discuss the key
factors contributing to the prevalence of TB in
the country and evaluate the effectiveness of
the government's strategies in combating this
disease.
(250 words, 15 marks)

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