CHAPTER 6

MODALS
Modal adalah kata kerja bantu atau auxiliary verb atau helping verb, yang terdiri dari : shall, should, will,
would, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, need, dare, dan used to.
Kata-kata tersebut ditempatkan sebelum kata kerja (verb) atau sesudah subjek.
1. Modal Shall
Dipakai untuk:
1) Menyatakan future dengan subjek I atau we
Contoh: I shall leave for America tomorrow.
2) Janji
Contoh : You shall have a motorbike.
3) Ancaman
Contoh : You shall be punished if you do that.
2. Modal Should
Dipakai untuk:
1) Bentuk lampau dari shall, jika berada pada anak kalimat
2) Mengandung arti “seharusnya” dalam bentuk present
3) Mengandung arti “sebaiknya” (suggestion)
o I said that I should leave.
o You should obey your parents.
o If you are tired, you should take a rest.
3. Modal Will
Dipakai untuk :
1) Bentuk future
Contoh : I will go to Jakarta tomorrow.
2) Menyatakan janji
Contoh : I will come to your house if it doesn’t rain.
3) Polite request
Contoh : Will you open the window please!
4. Modal Would
Dipakai untuk :
1) Bentuk past dari will jika berada pada anak kalimat
Contoh :
o He says he will come.
o He said he would come.
2) Polite request
o Would you open the door, please?
3) Menunjukkan keinginan want jika beriringan dengan like (would like = want)
o Would you like a cup of tea? = Do you want a cup of tea?
5. Modal Can
Mengandung arti :
1) Ability dalam bentuk present
Contoh : I can speak English.
2) Permission
Contoh : Can I go out?
6. Modal Could
Mengandung arti :
1) Bentuk lampau dari can jika berada pada anak kalimat.
Contoh : I said that I could go with you.
2) Ability dalam bentuk lampau.
Contoh : When I was young I could play tennis well.
3) Permission (izin yang lebih halus dari can)
Contoh : Could I borrow your pen?
7. Modal May
Mengandung arti :
1) Permission (izin)
Contoh : May I go home now? (Bolehkah…..)
2) Possibility (kemungkinan)
Contoh : He may came late (mungkin)
8. Modal Might
Mengandung arti :
1) Bentuk lampau dari may jika berada pada anak kalimat.
Contoh : He said that he might go home (boleh)
2) Probability (kemungkinan)
Contoh : She might be late (mungkin)
9. Modal Must
Mengandung arti :
1) Harus
Contoh : You must study hard.
2) Pasti
Contoh : Andi bought a new car, he must be rich.
10.Modal Need
Dapat dipakai :
1) Sebagai kata kerja biasa
Contoh : Do you need a new book?
2) Sebagai kata kerja bantu
Contoh : Need to go to soon?
11.Modal PERFECT (Subject + Modal + Have + Verb 3 + Object etc.)
1) Misal :
I could have lifted the box just now.
= Saya bisa mengangkat peti itu (tetapi tidak saya lakukan).
Artinya suatu kemampuan di waktu lampau yang tidak dikerjakan.
2) Misal :
He might have gone by train early this morning.
= Mungkin dia pergi dengan kereta api tadi pagi.
Artinya suatu kemungkinan di waktu lampau.
3) Misal :
It must have rained last night.
= Pasti tadi malam hujan (terbukti dengan jalan yang basah, misalnya).
Suatu kesimpulan atau kepastian di waktu lampau.
4) Misal :
I would have returned your bicycle.
= Saya ingin mengembalikan sepedamu (tetapi tidak bisa).
 Suatu keinginan yang tidak terpenuhi.
5) Misal :
I should have given some money.
= Seharusnya saya memberi dia uang (tetapi tidak saya lakukan).
Suatu keharusan yang tidak terpenuhi.

Exercises:
1. Look at this street, it is very muddy, it ______ have rained heavily last night.
A. will
B. would
C. could
D. must

2. The child ate up all the meal we had served. He ______ very hungry.
A. will have been
B. could have been
C. must have been
D. would have been

3. Alfred visited some countries in Asia, Europe and America. He bought luxurious things for his wife and
children. He ______ a lot of money.
A. could have
B. would have
C. ought have
D. must have had

4. Berta : “Can I have your report soon?”

Jono : “Sure, I ______ it before you go to the meeting.
A. will finished
B. will have finished
C. am going to finish
D. am finishing

5. Dina : Roni, that is the most popular book nowadays.

Roni : Oh yes. It must have been written by a distinguished professor.
From the dialogue we know that indeed a distinguished professor ______ that book.
A. wrote
B. would write
C. should write
D. planned to write

6. Mom and Dad just left for the airport twenty minutes ago, so they _____ there yet.
A. can’t have gotten
B. shouldn’t have gotten
C. had better have gotten
D. could have gotten
7. Although research scientists had hoped that the new drug interferon _____ to be a cure for cancer, its
applications now appear to be more limited.
A. prove
B. had proven
C. would prove
D. will prove

8. Henry will not able to attend the meeting tonight because _____
A. he must to teach a class
B. he will be teaching a class
C. of he will teach a class
D. he will have teaching a class

9. The Theory of Continental Drift assumes that there _____ long-term climatic changes in many areas
during the past.
A. must have been
B. must be
C. must have
D. must

10. The man standing over there asked me whether he _____ the flowers from my garden.
A. took
B. might take
C. ought to take
D. would take