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o Characteristics of endotoxins:
. lleat stable
' Toxic only at high doses
. Weakly immunogenic
' Generally similar, despite source
.Usuallycapableofproducinggeneralsystematicef'ects:fever,shock,
blood coagulation, inflamnlation, etc'
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Exotoxins
o Exotoxins
usually are roleased into the
' Soluble, hgat-labile proteins thal
as the bacterial pathogan grows
surroundings
r toxic proteins secreted by microorganisms
o Properties:
Synthesized by speciflc bacteria that
otten have plasmids or
'
piophages bearing the exotoxin gen6s -
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Types of Exotoxins
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o Based on their struclure and physiological activities:
AB toxins
- CompoEed of
o an 6nuymatic aubuhil or lragmont (A) that is rs3ponsiblo far.
tne tJxii ett"ct onco inrid€ lhe hosl coll 8nd a binding subunit
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(B)
Tho B subunil inlorsots wilh sp6cific recoplors on ths targot coll or lis3u6' "ra-)
o o.g cholora loxin, tetanus toxln, botulrnum loxin
. Speciflc host sile exoloxins
o Neuaoloxins (botulrnum and totanus loxing)
tr En16aoloxins (cholora loxin)
o C,4oloxins (diphthsrie loxin and Shlga toxin)
. Membrane-disruPting exotoxins (
,^,r.itrl'J-S o L!ees hosl colls by drsrupnnq lhe 'lsg!!g lho
plasma mombrano
, A-;1;" brnds to the clro'ssLorel porlron ol lh6 hosl csll plasrfls
m'mb'ano
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Roles of Exotoxins in
RbLE 9 F. EX ( t"$
o 89
of exotoxin
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