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    Speak Fluent Tibetan 9789380359953 Compress

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    47 views160 pages

    Speak Fluent Tibetan 9789380359953 Compress

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    Speak Fluent Tibetan Copyright © Library of Tibetan Works & Archives, Dharamsala First Edition: 2012 Second Edition: 2013 Third Edition: 2017 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-93-80359-95-3 Published by the Library of Tibetan Works & Archives, Dharamsala and printed at Norbu Graphics, New Delhi-110024 Introduction Learning a new language can be daunting. By easily mastering some basic speech patterns, and then using them in our day-to-day life, we are able to gain the confidence and inspiration we need to go further on the journey. The best way to learn to speak Tibetan is by speaking Tibetan! So how can one begin speaking Tibetan in a manner that is at once fluent, interesting and coherent? My simple answer is this: you can learn Tibetan just as children acquire and learn their mother tongue, through the process of open listening and repeating. You will enjoy this method for learning Tibetan, just as a Tibetan child learns to speak. The process is simple, accessible and above all, practical. You just listen attentively to your teacher (or the recordings) and repeat what you hear. It is logical and easy to grasp, as you will soon discover. In this way, you will be able to speak useful Tibetan in no time at all. This book will help you master the complex forms of the verb to be, which is not considered a verb in Tibetan. It contains about one hundred and fifty of the most common spoken statements, enough for basic and useful Tibetan speech in everyday life. Based on a practical logical pattern of question-answer forms (‘yes’, ‘no’, ‘key’ and ‘or’-question forms with their answers) you will learn these statements easily, and soon confidently build up free-flowing conversations. | have trialed this method for four years, all the while making any needed modifications, and have hopefully solved some of the major challenges students encounter along the path of learning spoken Tibetan. There are appendices for vocabulary building, easy reference for the grammatical particles, colloquial and honorific words, and verb list, and there is also a a glossary. Proper pronunciation of Tibetan will support and enhance your study. For correct Tibetan pronunciation, my decade-long research work entitled Standard Tibetan Pronunciation will soon be published Itis my hope that students of the Tibetan language will find this book useful in their study of the language. | have made great effort to improve upon the first version, and offer my apologies to the readers for any mistakes that may have made it into this edition. As feedback is invaluable for improvement to any future editions, | invite and welcome your suggestions. Acknowledgements Firstly, | would like to thank Simona Falticeanu for teaching me some new methods on how to learn to speak a language quickly. My thanks go to my colleague, Nyima Dekyi, for assisting me through the first draft of this book. My thanks also go out to Milton Burke (USA) for teaching me the technical terms of English Grammar that | have used herein. | also want to thank Sangye Tandar Naga for proofreading and making suggestions for the first version published in 2012. For the second edtion, | would like to thank Geshe Lhakdor, the Director of the Library of Tibetan. Works and Archives, and Julia Wilson (USA) for thorough proofreading and making useful suggestions for this version. Many thanks again to Ven. Tenzin Yangdoen (Germany) for thorough proofreading, useful suggestions and teaching me to design this book. | also thank Ven. Ngedon Gyatso and Ms Kerry Wright for proofreading some parts of the Tibetan and English texts in the book. Lastly, | want to thank all my students, without whom this book may never have quite reached the final stages and whose contribution has been much appreciated. Without your questions | would not have been given the opportunity to do further research on my own mother tongue! Thank you again. | am honored that this book has been so well received over the past many years. It is my hope that it will continue to beneft students of the Tbietan langauge internationally and here in India. | am happy to be able to publish the third revised edition of this book and ! would like to thank Nyima Dekyi for her contribution to the revisions made. Dr. Chok Tenzin Monlam, 10th October 2017 Abbreviations Adj. C adjective complement c colloquial ‘Comp. Adj. comparative adjective F future tense H honorific 1 imperative Inf. infinitive NC noun complement ° object Ong. object of infinitive oP object of preposition P past tense Pl, plural PP possessive pronoun Prep. preposition s subject Sup. Adj superlative adjective v verb Introduction ‘Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations How to Use this Book Statements Hello! am Chok, She is thamo. S/he is young, 1am from Tibet. S/he from the United States. Dialogue 1-3 7. My name is Chok 8. Her name is thame. 9. This is @ book 10, That isan apple. 11, Thisis mine 12, Thatisis. 13. This books mine 14, That house is his Dialogue 46 415. Ive in ina 16. S/he livesin New York 17. thave older sisters. 438, S/he has younger brothers. 19, havea black at 20. S/he has a black dog, 21, Ihave a big ed book 22. S/he has five smal yellow books. Dialogue 7-9 23. 1 drink water. 24, S/he drinks water 25, am drinking water. 26. S/he is drinking water. Contents SERENA andarsk qi] saieqg] Regi RAR Tg] Rea ass sR RAR] FewRawiay ASR 7 awe RRA ay FRG aege Ry Rasa AaBay © ar G Sosa Raaatiqr i daq A/G Rarer sgh] Rrargigs aig qy/093 Send Raq Faeries qy/999 RaRansn Bada Taq aiRy Beaks datgngreegeyig yy Asta vag sgagedtey Feeagsdagyaty sgagecig ayy Beqngsniga yy Agagysasdargy 27. will have tea 28. S/he will have tea. 29, I drank water 30. S/he had tea Dialogue 10-12 31, 1am 30, 32. S/he is 20. 33, Today is Friday. 34, Tomorrow is Saturday. 35, ts spring these days. a) Flowers bloom in spring, bb) ttrains in summer. ©) Fruitripens in autumn. 4d) ttiscold in winter. 36. Itisone o'clock a) It’shalf past one. b) tsa quarter past one. ©) tsa quarter to one. d)_ t’sten minutes to one. Dialogue 13-15 37, This book s white. 38, My coats yellow. 39, Lam at the restaurant 40. Sie at in the restaurant 41, amin the house, 42. Sfhe Is outside the house. 43, The hospitals open. 444, ‘The banks close. Dialogue 16-18 45. am cold (Ifeel cold) 46, S/he is sck (S/he feels sic). 447, ‘The weather is col. 448. Spoken Tibetan is easy 49, lke tea 50. S/he likes tea 51, We rein the same school 52. They are from the same country/region. sept ag] Reeagedy2y RargagasrSlay/agesrardiay BR arg agen y/agaara Sy /agseragyqyy AxBay 90 580 94 segerg ig) RARE ARTY RRaapaernner Ry Aq agayqy] sapere ey AGY49] AraenbyT ARR BATRA TARE AON RgNpRaNsrans'§} 351/299) Faas s BeBe SPR HTRG/25 BARR AR RYH RB TARR SAT RaW Margarggarasg Ra Aa agayAaqy, SRM Bg erargearssg25 9] saWRgerargnarag agg] eBay 93 5a 9 Real aq Agagyay] Re ERAATAY ARQ Reppert Feapeorageyaayy mppaatanardiqy epee Q aragayitg sy BRR RS Mog aY AY SREP Hsgsr agape Baa 96 500 94 sas ogy Feapey aq qy29] apa Rageyeyay] Fagergaetageyiig yy RE Fogg qedq Be aneqtqs3q, Dialogue 19-21 53, Thisis apace to eat. 54, That sa place to read books. 55. 1wantto study 56. S/he wants to buy a car 57. 1am the one who drives cars. 58, S/he isthe one who cooks. 59, 1 plan to goto Tibet. 60. S/he plans to make momos. Dialogue 22-24 61. tam older than he is 62, Sheisbetterthantam 63. 1am the eldest son 64, S/he isthe richest person 65. 1am trying to do meditation. 66, Sheistryingto sing a song. 67. have time to eat. 68, S/he has time to read a book Dialogue 25-27 68, 1am closing the door. 70. S/he is closing the door. 71. tam practicing the Dharma 72, S/he s worrying 73, am making a phone call 74, S/he is making a phone call. 75, Theres too much food. 76, The changis too sweet. Dialogue 28-31 77. ‘ike to drink tea 7B, S/he likes to drink ea 78, 1am on my way to eat. 80, S/he son her way to eat 81, will goto eat. 82, S/he wil goto eat 83. Iwentto eat 84, S/he went to eat. Dialogue 32-34 BaRay 9¢ 500 99 Rypracpeeryy Aaa sy REA FRR AYICRT SR APSARA AR Fa pracy 8ey25999 RAG eral Bary /35 HAG] Fadia a BaragayeTRqy/359299 ARR 99 gar ge Beaarnag sr qy/aq 935) Sever ey pat RQ STARS] sgaga gay Reagan aq, Ser gapeerennrdiarg Bai Meaqasrappreuraasrgar95 fagayAq 35) Rarpranys edgy FBeavBa eyed 85/059 SRA Qu 580 49 Fert Reet Aga RE9q 9%] FeRaardar§a Fagyeq ay Kpreaiie oy Fepenaipdagyaq ey Paya GYR BRR RINT ARG] ASR 44 sr 40 RRagRuIAr ATA TG] BaRagewsrarsqatagayai a) sprempeae es Fa pecqeaed Saggy ey spaces es aa Fe pacpea egy Rprampea 95 O5)/A5] Repose a figy/a35) ASR] ay ger a4 85. Inced water. 86, S/he needs aca. 87. need to drink water 88, S/he needs to study Tibetan. 89, need to go and eat. 80. S/he needs to go and drink water, 81. know how to cook. 92, S/he knows how to cook 93, 1am about to come home. 94, S/he is almost finished cooking 95, 1am planning to go to cook 96, S/he is planning to goto have tea. Dialogue 35-37 97. tcan cook 98, S/he can read Tibetan 98, Iwas naughty when | was young. 300. S/he was naughty when s/he was young. 4101. 1 used to eat yak meat when | was young. 102. He used to eat fish when he was young 103, | used to drink lt of chang when | was in Tibet. 104, He used to do business while he was in thasa Dialogue 38-20 105. It's time for me to goto cass. 106. I's time for him/her to sleep, 107. It’s time for me to go to drink tea, 108. I's time for him to go to send the letter. 109, 1 read a book when have time, 4110. He was roaming around when he had time last year. 1111, | read stories if/when | have free time, 112. He goes for a walkf/when he has time. Dialogue 41-43 113. am getting/becoming fatter. 114, S/he is getting/becoming better. 115. 1am forgetting to give money. 1116. Shes forgetting to do her homework. 117, I get sick fLeat meat. 118. S/he gets sick if s/he eats meat. Sergey Beenie rare RRA] ReaRR TN ] FRR Rar gem RRR AR AG Sapa aT] Begngeere ster SA Rqy/05 Sprays gear BAG Bases geen av 35) IR R5]/25 9) Ranariie gaara] Rapanui sx gasragayain ay RpracysSqnady Satay Faagnen ait 3g 55/059] ANKay Ae 55 AG Rerpraueysega a Fa are Rep igge Bq) /AH RHA sengndg guage tay Fracgn da grag ig gy/agq magn gn dg guemqug 28a Beggs dg garg 28 ogaytin tay RHR adi gerscan Wages ey Reap srardtg gre gay O05 351059) ARR] aw anv xe sake geal apy gy Ae] Fegerng ig aegyy SRA GY [utah annie iea lai las Sain merger ig gaa Heya] RR Prargern ah erga 8 RAR 9G] serge ig ges ey] Fravger 5 Hq amaraaser a8 Bq RH AG] ASKay o gar 4 Sewst egy Rene aqygay sage iors aa og Rae Geyer a 9.35/35 099] wang anes 5 Fe 59] FeaBavqesners BF 9 26/8RG 259) 119, take medicine if/when | get a headache. 120. ‘S/ne takes medicine if/shen s/he gets a headache. Dialogue 44-26 121, make meals as delicious as possible. 122, S/he makes tea as delicious a possible 4123, ‘The food s ready to be eaten 124, The food s ready to be eaten 125, 1am ready to eat. 126, S/he is ready to eat. 4127. | know whether or not he has a giriend. 4128, fhe knows whether or nat have a guesthouse 4128, | know whether or not he isa monk 4130. S/he knows whether or not lam a student. Dialogue 47-51 4131, do my homework before coming to class. 4132. S/he washes her/his hands before eating 4133, brush my teeth after | getting up. 134, S/he goes home after class is over 4135. It takes one hour from my home to the Library. 36. It takes 10 hours from Delhi to Dharamsala by car. 137. I haven'thad tea yet. 138, She hasn’thad tea yet. Dialogue 52-54 39, | think can to goto Tibet. 140. | think s/he can work 141. Ihave been to Tibet. 142, S/he has been tothe United States, 143, sal right if you go to Tibet. 144, sal right if s/he watches movies. 14S. | drink tea while reading books 146._ S/he falls asleep while watching movies, 147. have been reading books. 148, S/he has been watching movies. Dialogue 55-57 sath gas a Beetfaaays 8 ARR RH MARY stay oy gar ee Saray Ga Gara 9a) ReGen fairs R95 4/059 praapaanr sey Say gy Rraayaan ep Rey /AR ARYA AA] Rpraqyaanr Sap Sayqy Ra prscqsan qq ey Aq agy AHA Reena Req tig gcerg 9 2 eave pada RRA AA AR MRR AR Rages dqange'9 aq SH gg Ra RAGA AR MARRY /AGG ARRAY eG an 40 Rak geartin tears Geas Fay Fe pranysrsan Eg araqparage Hale Re /agg] sumanara Rarer Tags SN) Brake BorsReraerqeegner ath ety /059 Saguestaky arg Ria Gy Fea hdaagawerer sng ey ag RS GYR] enegegta] Feaagegyqegyay ARR 7 ger Rigarafigan Ry Fenaeygeersyy REG eral GR /GRAA] Rao ara tA /AQ9 BRR Baga AY Ra eegsagsqerg hq AAG sRaqgeange Gary FRETS TI PTR HAAG sRaregayrgsrag a PRET SEASETST ARRAY Sr Appendices ‘Commands Used in Class Pronouns Short Qs & AS Main interrogatives Swearing 100 Most Common English Verbs curses 8. Most Common Engish Prepositions 9. Opposites 410. Domesticated Animals 11, Fishand insects 12. Wild Animals 13, Birds 14. Fruits 15, Vegetables 16, Parts ofthe Body 17, Main Organs 18, Adverbs of Time 19, Flowers 20, English Adverbs of Time 21. Adjectives Colloquial and Honorific Terms 23. Independent and Dependent Grammatical Particles 24, Spoken Tibetan Conjugations How touse SR 1/E]/A5Ry/49] Verbs List Glossary ar eaeq sey Reareparsiiqy Reger eyssq Sq Aq aaa] Baan aR Hated shqs9) SR BeyeT a] Baan aR seed Bey Fy Faerryysq aR gg aera TRG sRawrqcag da ryssy spaTa RSET TES srrSarqqsq ASF TETET alah awdequrr eq ga dqac8a% 9] GedacSqRqqRq aFTRTSEA Ag Barge DAc Req peyaq BERT sang se BRT TRG RR ARRSS SA ARIAT ASS SA) PaO QeTNr ae yy HRA HT TY aeaerr8ghq Ba hRehq How to Use this Book Tibetan Version “gtnc+ Aa) astperson 4 Construction > 2nd/ard Person RE +NC+ 35) Formula Statement 1: Statement 2: Reaqar8sy 11am Chok. <—|_Transation She is Pema SS x Drill Yes-Q: QRaKasq ages < Yes-Question > Yes: ReaRarkaeay Ans: aprdiay Ans: mqarRy eager Noa: Ayaxekeanedigan |< No-Question > Nod: Rag iRy Ora: Rea Sqg Hy, Ans: Ansi_ eaRr35) English Translation HNC +s) | astPerson Construction » 2nd/3rd Person FR + NC+35) Formula isiaaeri aaa <+— Statement |_—> statement 2: sheis Pema. enka) < Translation > eegartgy 1 rill Yes-0: Are you Chok? « Yes-Question > Yes: Isshe Pema? ans: Yes, am Chok. < Yes, Statement > Ans: Yes, she is Pema, No-@: Are you Sonam? + No-Question * No-a: Is she Lhamo? ‘Ans: No, !amnot Sonam. < No, Neg. Statement SS Recasraitcrs, Key-Q: Who are you? + Key-Question > Key-0: Whois she? Ans: lam Chok. + Statement a 0r-: AreyouChok or Sonam? | ¢ Or-Question > OrG: Is she Pema or Lhamo? Ans: 1am Chok: + Statement > ans: sheis Pema. 7 Steps to Tibetan Fluency: Go Natural Tibetan Step 1: First listen carefully to the first statement (left column) concerning the 1st person construction (“I am Chok.") and repeat it without thinking. (If you want to find out how the statement is constructed, then check the formula in the top box. | recommend you not to think!) Listen and repeat the statement three times or more, until you feel comfortable with it. ‘Once you become comfortable and confident to say the statement, it is very easy to construct the yes-question, no-question, key-question and or-question. Step 2: Now listen carefully and repeat the question to be answered with ‘yes! (“Are you Chok?”) three times. Then, listen carefully and repeat the answer, i.e. yes, with original statement (“Yes, | am Chok.”) three times. Step 3: Now listen carefully and repeat the question to be answered with ‘no’ (“Are you Sonam?") three times. Then, listen carefully and repeat the answer (“No, | am not Sonam.”) three times. Step 4: Now listen carefully and repeat the key-question (“Who are you?”) three times. Then, listen carefully and repeat the answer, ie. the original statement ("I am Chok.”) Step 5: Now listen carefully and repeat the or-question (“Are you Chok or Sonam?”) three times. In this case you also simply repeat the original statement. In this step, you should remember not to say: “Are you Sonam or Chok?” But rather sa “are you Chok or Sonam?” Use the ‘yes’-question first, i.e. is Chok, followed by the ‘no’ question, i.e. Sonam. This is sequence makes it logical and helps you to remember and say the drill without thinking with much fluency. ‘Step 6: Now repeat all questions and answers one after the other in the right sequence. ‘Once you become fluent in these questions and answers, use your partner's name in the ‘yes'-question and your own name in the ‘no’-question. Then practice until you become fluent, without thinking and without looking into the book. Then choose two words from the vocabulary in the box and practice in the same way. Continue to repeat the sequence of questions and answers as much as you can until you become fluent. In this way, you will be able to create many sentences of similar constructions. Step 7: Once you feel comfortable and confident with this drill, you can now follow the first five steps for the second statement (see right column) concerning the 2nd and 3rd person construction ("‘She is Pema.”). Then use two of your classmates’ names and drill with them. After that, use words from the vocabulary in the box and practice until you feel confident and comfortable. Hello! 3] agQarskdqay wera] 5B aadarsd aay SX} 9% Sees) 5] sAW ag] AaRshT Ags = snaps ay sa 5 <5) er ai AaarwR] orerarqs atqgan] | SaqN] HRATAES] aq sragergg hc] align pax asrqs] 52s Saal sigan] apr [j xq] Vocabulary 1. Adj + 35 how + Adi. 2, Rae how well 3. aR how young 4. gait how small 5. Re well/fine 6 ARS unwell/ill 7. RSF young 8. aay old 9. aye rich 10. HF poor a aa big 12. BRE smal 13, g00d 14. gas bad 35, Hye Tibetan 16. ws American v7. g& Chinese 18. S99 indian 19. Mongolian 20. 35" Japanese 21. Buddhist 22. digs Christian 2 ARG Sar What ths? Thisis a book 25, “2” Bag “toeat BASRq "=" means “to.eat 1am from Tibet. statements: RAR SS/a 1am from Tibet. a ee FR sonegar 35) ee ene satements: FERRSNER| S/he is from the United States. Yes: PRARAR AS Ag AS] Yesa: Rew RasrRa as] fos ara BREA) fos: aa 3e) FEWREIRR) Noa: PRARSHRaN asa] Noa: MRY Rear R5 sy] ans: auger Ray RB HR Gs Ray Ans: atgqsrarRay Rey Rarasvar 5] po Sea eS ans: RRR REVS ans: RW Ras sy ora BRRRHRENaSR Beals) ora Paw Ras ReyX'SARG ans: RRR Sareay ans: RW Rasy Re:8q Vocabulary 1. aS from where 2. gRe country/region a Ree ay 4 Begs oa 5. gest capital city 6 we place 7. By Tibet age Lhasa 2. 558 ini 10. 2% Debi 1. gra china 2 885 ing 13, serqer Nepal 14. aXe ron 5. 938 ee 16. Rw Ce 17. 35 Japan 18, @& usa 19, Agger England 20, Bax Taiwan 21. Beg Hong Kone 22, agar Germany 23, ra Oh! see! 24, RS Hol! (an expression of wonder) 25, Bg GRq/8525 maybeits 26. Agweg —tseemsitis, 27, HR BRR (AEA maybe ithes.. 28. Aerag —itseemsithas. 9, mRRe Re the reason is that... 20. ROR because.. a Dialogue 1 aay Raw an Gara Aaya Rg Vocabulary 1. eB my 2. BB our 3 Asad your 4. BARRE your 5. FA hisfher 6. RRRR their 7. his 8. ER their 9. her 10, FBR their 11, BB of this/its 12, BRR their 13, of thatits 14, 38 their 15. arf ofthat up there 16, «BB of those up there 17, a3 ofthat down there 18, 0B of those down there 19, 28% ofthat over there 20, #88 of those over there 21, Re (mats: pame/(h) 22. Barsc/afBqerss —_look/(H) 23. ear all 24. BT YES lone/alone 25, Xqersr companion 26, aq assistant, associate 27. Resa) meaning 28. 3980 song 29, ears road 30. Rare family a Hx about 32. aA about me This is a book. statement 9; 8 a5) statement 10: apg) vera: BRaReas ee Co EPRICE a a al oa: Rua Rasy ae eela mal aera laa AgSq Vocabulary a. samy things 2. Sepak, dictionary a ae notebook 4. Bake textbook 5. a3 diary 6 gic storybook 2. AQ paper 8 aS ink % 8y pen 10. yy pencil 1, 54 table 22, GS chaie 13, SARE whiteboard 14. 5RTSE blackboard 45. 5 electcty 16. Heya; computer v7. door 18, RE window 19. gRaRR fan 20. sg285) wv 2. ag apple 22. wer mango 23, ReVaIRy banana 24, aRager ‘rape 2. Sar ore 26. & me 27. pay peach 28, dg cherry 29. rag’ neared 30. Berg: eee a aR and 32. wi then 33. ars

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