Is Probability:

a) Conditional Probability:
P(B(A)
P(AB) P(AMB)
=
-
PCA) x

P(B) P(B)
b) Bayes' Rule:
PCM/A) PCH1) PCAIU)
=
x

P(A)
PCU) x P(AIHe)
=PCM). PCAIH) PCUL). PCA1Uz) +... P(UK). P(A)UK)
+
+

2) +) Binomial Distribution:

(x 0,1,2, ...,n)
-
p(x) (.p"(1-p)
= =

E(X) X-B(n,p)
1.P =

V(x) x.p(1 p)
= -

-) Poisson Distribution:
M.M (x
p(x) e
=
0,1,2, ...) =

x!
E(X) M =
x -
P(M)
VCX) M
Exponential Distribution:
=

4
f(x) (xe if 0
-

O if x (O
E(X 1 =

v(x)
1)
=
2. Statistics:
a) Estimator's Characteristics:
1)Unbiased Estimator:

E(0) E =

+) Efficient Estimator:
I estimators of : 1 and 2.
If V(E1) < VCE2) then En is more efficient than 2
b) Confidence Intervals of variance for Normal Samples:
1) When the Mean is known:
Let X-NCM, 22 and EX M is known =

We choose an estimator:
(n)
Gx
2
=
n.st2 -X2 S
=
-

22
54
with
I
=
I =
=1 (Xi-M)
·

symmetrical confidence interval for 22:

plusa use
xi /2 I 1-2
=

+) When the Mean unknown: is

X-NCM, 52) and EX M

Let =
is unknown.
·
We choose an estimator:
1)
-x2(n
-

G x2=
=( 1).52
-

j
-2
with 2 = 2.msim = x2 -
()2
x-
1

Symmetrical interval for 52:

confidence

p
CX (n 1)" < a2 < (n 1)
=

1- a
-

(n
= -

1)
x 1 x/2 -
 c) Confidence Intervals of proportion for Binomial Samples:
X vA(p)
We choose an estimator:
G (f- P) = N10,1) -

p(1 p)
-

fmI
=

Symmetrical confidence interval for pis:

p(f f(1 1)
n.2212p11 f(17).212
-

- +

1
= -

d) Hypothesis testing for I

population mean:

Ho: M po =
H1 Wa
M F Mo 95: /T1 > a ,2}
X Mo
T > Mo 45:5 <
A41Y
-

M
=

i <
Mo ST.T - Ayy
Me
for 2 population
e) Hypothesis testing Variances:

Ho:2I 22 41 Wa
(n-- 142-1)

22(F:) E
=

221 = F> 1x12

F=
Si F(71 x12
(n, 1, nz
-
- -
1)

Se 821 > 02 9F: F> 14- 1, n- 1) y

2202 9F: FL1, n-1) y
1) Hypothesis testing for population proportion of A(p) RV:
 Ho:P Pr =
H1 Wa
p po
=
94:IUI) ZC12 Y
H 7 Po In
-

p> po 94:U> zaY

po(1-po)
P <po q4: U<-zcY