Chemistry in Context 7th Edition American Chemical Society Test Bank

Chemistry in Context 7th Edition
American-Chemical-Society Test Bank

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Chapter 6-Neutralizing the Threat of Acid Rain
Chapter 6
Neutralizing the Threat of Acid Rain
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which chemical equation shows the dissociation of 2 protons from trihydrogen

phosphate (phosphoric acid)?
A. H3PO4 → H2+ + HPO4¯

B. H3PO4 → H22+ + PO42¯
C. H3PO4 → 2H+ + HPO42¯
D. H3PO4 → H33+ + PO43¯
A proton is an H+.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

Section: 06.01
Subtopic: Acid-Base Definitions
Topic: Acids and Bases
2. Which chemical equation shows the dissociation of magnesium hydroxide?
A. Mg(OH)2 → Mg2+ + 2OH¯

B. MgOH → Mg2+ + OH2¯
C. Mg(OH)3 → Mg3+ + 3OH¯
D. Mg(OH)2 → Mg2+ + H2O + O2-
Remember that you must balance the equation and have proper charges on the ions.

Section: 06.02
6-1
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3. Which concentration is consistent with a basic solution?
A. MH+ = 3.2 × 10¯3 M

B. MOH- = 3.6 × 10¯9 M
C. MH+ = 9.7 × 10¯4 M
D. MOH- = 3.4 × 10¯3 M
Bases have high OH- concentrations and/or low H+ concentrations.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply

Section: 06.02
4. When dissolved in water, hydrogen bromide (HBr) forms hydrobromic acid. Determine
the hydroxide ion concentration in a 4,500 mL solution containing 3.78 g hydrogen
bromide; Kw = 1.00 × 10¯14.
A. [OH¯] = 9.63 × 10¯13 M

B. [OH¯] = 2.14 × 10¯13 M
C. [OH¯] = 4.67 × 10¯2 M
D. [OH¯] = 0.0104 M
[OH¯]*[H+] = Kw and [H+] is in moles per liter

Section: 06.04
5. Evaluate the ratio MH+ (pH 3) / MH+ (pH 7).
A. 0.0001
B. 0.001
C. 0.429
D. 10,000
Remember that pH = -log[H+]

Section: 06.04
6-2
6. What atmospheric component is responsible for the natural acidity of rain?
A. nitrogen
B. ozone
C. oxygen
D. carbon dioxide
This makes carbonic acid.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember

Section: 06.06
7. Which anthropogenic pollutants are implicated in the formation of most acidic

precipitation?
A. carbon oxides
B. phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid
C. ozone and carbon monoxide
D. nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides
These make sulfuric and nitric acids.

Section: 06.10
8. Coal is not a pure chemical compound, but its elemental composition can be
approximated by the formula C135H96NO9S. What is the approximate percentage by
mass of sulfur in coal?
A. 0.413%
B. 1.68%
C. 3.11%
D. 42.8%
Remember to take the total mass of carbon divided by the total mass of the molecule.

Section: 06.07
6-3
9. Calculate the amount of sulfur dioxide produced annually by a power plant that burns
7.5 million metric tons (t) of coal over a year. Assume that the coal is 2.4% sulfur by
mass. 1 metric ton (t) = 1000 kg.
A. 3.6 × 108 kg
B. 3.6 × 108 t
C. 1.8 × 1011 kg
D. 7.5 × 1012 g
Each sulfur combines with two oxygens doubling the mass of the sulfur in the coal.

Section: 06.07
10. Sulfur oxides have been implicated as important contributors to the problem of acid
rain. What is the principal anthropogenic source of these compounds?
A. transportation
B. coal fired power plants
C. lightning
D. volcanoes
Remember that anthropogenic means caused by humans.

Section: 06.10
11. The formation of nitric oxide (NO, a precursor to nitric acid) from oxygen and nitrogen
is ordinarily a very slow process. What accounts for its more rapid formation in
automobile exhaust?
A. the extreme conditions involved in gasoline combustion

B. the presence of nitrogen compounds in gasoline
C. catalysts present in fuel that facilitate its formation
D. well-designed catalytic converters
Think about how hot an internal combustion engine may be.
6-4

Section: 06.10
12. A proton released by an acid in aqueous solution quickly reacts with water to form a
hydronium ion. What product is formed when a proton reacts with ammonia (NH3)?
A. NH3+
B. NH4
C. NH2¯
D. NH4+
Just add the hydrogen and its charge to the ammonia molecule.

Section: 06.02
13. The hydronium ion concentration in a solution with pH 10 is __________ than the
hydronium ion concentration in a solution with pH 13.
A. 1,000 times less

B. 3 times greater
C. 1,000 times greater
D. 100 times less
This is three powers of ten different.

Section: 06.04
6-5
14. Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 1.2 g of potassium hydroxide

(KOH) in 1,250 mL of water.
A. 0.017
B. 1.77
C. 9.22
D. 12.23
Find the hydroxide ion concentration, then the pOH then take 14 - pOH = pH

Section: 06.04
15. The pH of lemon juice is approximately 2.40. At this pH, the hydronium ion
concentration is closest to which concentration?
A. 2.5 × 10¯12 M
B. 4.0 × 10¯3 M
C. 0.38 M
D. 5.6 × 10¯4 M
pH is -log of the hydronium ion concentration.

Section: 06.04
16. Coal switching refers to the practice of
A. converting oil or natural gas power plants to coal because coal is cheaper.
B. pulverizing coal in order to make it burn more efficiently.
C. converting coal power plants to oil or natural gas to reduce SOx emissions.
D. using coal with a lower sulfur content to reduce SOx emissions.
This is just about using better coal.

Section: 06.07
6-6
17. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 authorize the assignment of permits to
corporations allowing a predetermined level of sulfur dioxide emissions. Permit holders
that keep emissions below the permit level may
A. charge a higher price for generated power.

B. sell their unused emission rights to another corporation.
C. receive tax rebates.
D. receive a lower emission permit in the future.
This is a sort of "cap and trade" arrangement.

Section: 06.10
18. Which substance has the highest pH?
A. orange juice
B. rain
C. a sulfuric acid solution
D. a lye solution
This would be the most basic choice.

Section: 06.04
19. Which reaction most accurately represents the dissociation of nitrous acid (HNO2) in
water?
A. HNO2 + H2O → H3O+ + NO2¯

B. HNO2 + H2O → H3O2+ + NO¯
C. HNO2 + H2O → HN + HO+ + HO2¯
D. HNO2 + H2O → H3O+ + N + O2¯
Remember to keep your nitrite ion as one thing.

Section: 06.01
6-7
20. Predict the products of this reaction: KOH + HNO3 →
A. KNO3 + H2O
B. KNO2 + H2O2
C. KH + HNO4
D. KO4 + H2N
Acid and base make a salt and water.

Section: 06.03
21. Lakes surrounded by ______ have very little acid-neutralizing capacity.

I. marble
II. granite
III. limestone
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
Marble and limestone are calcium carbonate minerals.

Section: 06.13
22. The acid neutralizing capacity of a lake or stream most often derives from the presence
of _______ in the surrounding soil or rock.
A. CaCO3
B. HNO3
C. NaCl
D. Sr(OH)2
One is these is common in soil as well as a weak base.

Section: 06.11
6-8
23. One of the functions of an automobile catalytic converter contributes to the battle
against acid rain. Which reaction represents this function as carried out by a catalytic
converter?
A. HNO2 + NaOH → H2O + NaNO2

B. NO2 + H2O → HO+ + HNO2¯
C. 2 NO → N2 + O2
D. HNO3 + NaOH → H2O + NaNO3
Remember that the catalytic converter helps modify tailpipe gases.

Section: 06.10
24. Cars and trucks produce most of the NOx emissions and they also suffer the deleterious
effects of acid rain. Which negative effects of acid rain affect cars and trucks?
I. decreased gas mileage
II. damage to the paint and finish
III. increased susceptibility to rust
IV. reduced radio reception
A. I and II only
B. I and IV only
C. II and III only
D. III and IV only
Think about the corrosive effects of acid.

Section: 06.10
6-9
25. Carbon dioxide is the acid anhydride of which compound?
A. CH2O3
B. CO
C. CH2O
D. CHO2
One is carbonic acid, written stragely.

Section: 06.02
Section: 06.03
26. Bases produce which ions in aqueous solution?
A. OH¯
B. NO2¯
C. Cl¯
D. SO3¯
This is the most simple definition of a base.

Section: 06.02
27. Which reaction represents an acid base neutralization reaction?
A. HNO2 + H2O → H3O+ + NO2¯

B. NaOH + H2O → H3O+ + NaO¯
C. Ba(OH)2 + 2LiCl → BaCl2 + 2LiOH
D. Be(OH)2 + H2SO4 → BeSO4 + 2H2O
Remember that acid and base make water and salt in a neutralization.

Section: 06.03
6-10
28. Why have efforts to reduce sulfur oxide emissions met with greater success than those
directed at nitrogen oxide emissions reductions?
A. Sulfur oxides have higher molar masses than nitrogen oxides.

B. Sulfur oxide emissions come from a limited number of point sources.
C. Nitrogen oxides are only produced at power plants.
D. Nitrogen reacts more readily with oxygen than sulfur.
Think about which, N or S, is a major component of air.

Section: 06.10
29. The primary product of the combustion of sulfur is:
A. H2S
B. H2SO4
C. H2SO3
D. SO2
Remember the definition of a combustion reaction.

Section: 06.10
30. What is the current expert consensus concerning the role of acid rain on the health of
forests?
A. Acid rain is indisputably responsible for the declining health of many forests.
B. Acid rain is not responsible for any of the decline observed in many forests.
C. Acid rain weakens trees and the surrounding soil, leaving them susceptible to
disease and insects.
D. There is not sufficient evidence that acid rain has caused an appreciable decline in
the health of any forests.
There are many factors at play and acid rain is a large factor.

Section: 06.11
6-11
31. Which statement(s) concerning SOx and NOx emissions are true?
I. Automobiles produce NOx but very little SOx.
II. Power plants produce only SOx.
III. Diesel powered vehicles produce only SOx.
IV. The high concentration of nitrogen compounds in gasoline accounts for the
formation of NOx by automobiles and trucks.
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and IV only
D. I, II, III, and IV
Remember that nitrogen oxides occur any time there are high temperatures and air.

Section: 06.11
32. The acidity of rain was first studied in
A. the mid-1750s.
B. the mid-1850s.
C. 1900.
D. the mid-1950s.
Think about when the Industrial Revolution occured.

Section: 06.06
6-12
33. Sulfur dioxide, the primary product of sulfur combustion, further reacts with oxygen as
shown.
2 SO2 + O2 → 2 SO3
What is the final step in the formation of the acidic aerosol?
A. Reaction of sulfur trioxide with nitrogen oxide.

B. Reaction of sulfur trioxide with water.
C. Reaction of sulfur trioxide with sodium hydroxide.
D. Reaction of sulfur trioxide with nitrogen gas.
Remember that this occurs with rain.

Section: 06.06
Section: 06.07
34. Which solution is acidic?
A. MOH¯ = 0.0065 M
B. MH+ = 1.27 × 10¯9 M
C. MH+ = 5.79 × 10¯10 M
D. MOH¯ = 1.77 × 10¯10 M
If MOH < 1 x 10-7 this is acidic

Section: 06.04
35. Which nitrogen-containing substance is generally unreactive?
A. NO
B. NaNO2
C. N2
D. NH3
This is a "inert" gas

Section: 06.09
Subtopic: Elemental Cycling (i.e. Carbon Cycle)
6-13
36. Soil nitrification refers to which process?
A. conversion of NO to NO2
B. conversion of nitrogen oxides to nitric acid
C. conversion of N2 to NO2¯
D. conversion of NH4+to NO3¯
This occurs via bacteria and is very important to plant health.

Section: 06.09
37. Most of the sulfur in coal originates from
A. decaying vegetation in swamps and peat bogs.

B. sulfate ions (SO42-) naturally present in sea water.
C. sulfur deposits located adjacent to coal deposits.
D. the natural sulfur content of the plants making up the coal.
Think about ancient seas.

Section: 06.07
38. For what purpose was the Haber-Bosch process developed?
A. reduction of SOx in coal burning power plant emissions

B. reduction of NOx in vehicle emissions
C. nitrification of soil
D. production of ammonia
This was a major development with respect to fertilizing crops.

Section: 06.09
6-14
39. Why did the industrial-scale production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen
present a difficult challenge?
A. Ammonia is explosive.
B. Nitrogen is difficult to purify.
C. Nitrogen is unreactive.
D. Hydrogen is unreactive.
Remember that most of the atmosphere is inert gas.

Section: 06.09
6-15
40. Calculate the percentage decease in NOx emissions after clean coal technology was
installed at the Milliken power station.
A. 0.39%
B. 39%
C. 61%
D. 156%
This is not over 100% and can be found by taking the difference in levels divided by
the original level.

Section: 06.07
6-16
41. What is the source of the nitrogen in the NOx emitted from fossil fuel combustion?
A. the atmosphere
B. coal
C. natural gas
D. oil
Remember that this is 78% nitrogen gas

Section: 06.08
42. In addition to fossil fuel combustion, what other facet of modern industrial society
contributes to the formation of acid rain?
A. the use of chlorofluorocarbons

B. deforestation
C. fertilizer production
D. the use of river water in cooling towers
Remember that nitrogen is an essential element for crops.

Section: 06.08
Section: 06.09
43. The pH of rain water falling through an unpolluted atmosphere is closest to:
A. 4.7
B. 5.4
C. 7.0
D. 8.7
Remember that CO2 makes rain acidic to start.

Section: 06.06
6-17
44. If acids are compounds that release protons (H+), how is it that SOx and NOx cause acid
rain?
A. They react with hydrogen gas in the atmosphere to produce acids.

B. There is not sufficient evidence to indicate that these compounds actually do cause
acid rain.
C. They react with water to form acids.
D. They react with ammonia to form acids.
They are taken up in the rain which is made of __________.

Section: 06.07
Section: 06.08
Section: 06.10
45. Which reaction illustrates how acid rain causes the decomposition of marble
monuments?
A. Ca(OH)2 + H2+ → Ca2+ + 2 H2O

B. CaCO3 + 2 H+ → Ca2+ + CO2 + H2O
C. 4 Fe2+ + O2 + 4 H2O → 2 Fe2O3 + 8 H+
D. Ca(OH)2 + 2 H2O → CaO22¯ + 2 H3O+
Remember that marble is calcium carbonate.

Section: 06.11
6-18
46. Nationally, the greatest amounts of NOx in the atmosphere are produced by which of
these?
I. transporation sources (motor vehicles, aircraft, trains)
II. combustion of fuel in electrical utility plants and industry releases
III. nitrification in farm fields
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
Think about which would cause interaction with water in the atmosphere.

Section: 06.08
Section: 06.09
47. Which reaction accounts for the fact that the pH of rain is naturally slightly acidic?
A. CO2 + H2O → H+ + HCO3¯

B. SO3 + H2O → 2 H+ + SO42¯
C. Ca2+ + CO2 + H2O → CaCO3 + 2 H+
D. NO2 + H2O → 2 H+ + NO3¯
Remember which gas is always found in the atmosphere, even without any pollution.

Section: 06.06
6-19
48. Which reactive nitrogen compound is produced using the Haber-Bosch process?
A. NaNO3
B. KNO3
C. NH3
D. NO2
This can be a gas and is often found dissolved in water for cleaning.

Section: 06.09
49. The amounts of SO2 and NOx emissions from anthropogenic sources are ______ those
from natural sources.
A. considerably greater than

B. roughly equivalent to
C. somewhat less than
D. considerably less than
This is why acid rain is a manmade problem.

Section: 06.10
6-20
50. Scrubbers installed on coal fired power plants remove acidic emissions by the
following reaction:
CaCO3 + H2SO4 → H2O + CaSO4 + CO2
If a plant burns 2.4 million metric tons of coal (1 t = 1000 kg) containing 1.3% sulfur,
how much limestone (CaCO3) will be consumed neutralizing the resulting acid?
Assume that all of the sulfur is converted to sulfuric acid and that the acid is
completely converted to calcium sulfate.
A. 2.4 × 109 kg
B. 1.3 × 108 kg
C. 3.1 × 107 kg
D. 9.7 × 107 kg
The mass of sulfur released divided by 32 g/mol will get the amount of sulfuric acid
and moles of calcium carbonate needed. Calcium carbonate has a mass of 100.1 g/mol.

Section: 06.07
51. Bases are substances that increase the hydroxide ion concentration in aqueous solution.
Why does ammonia (NH3), which does not contain a hydroxide group, act as a base?
A. Ammonia acts as a base only in the presence of hydroxide ion-containing

compounds.
B. Ammonia molecules remove protons from water molecules, forming hydroxide
ions.
C. Ammonia molecules donate protons to water molecules, forming hydroxide ions.
D. Ammonia acts as a base only in the presence of very strong acids.
Remember that much acid/base chemistry happens in water.

Section: 06.02
6-21
52. An acidic fog in Pasadena was found to have a pH of 2.50. Which expression
represents this pH measurement?
A. MOH¯ = 3.2 × 10¯12 M

B. MOH¯ = 3.2 × 10¯9 M
C. MH+ = 9.7 × 10¯3 M
D. MH+ = 2.5 M
Remember that pH is - logMH+

Section: 06.04
53. Predict the products of the chemical equation: 3 LiOH + H3PO4 →
A. 3 LiH + (OH)3PO4
B. 3 H + 3 O2 + H3Li3
C. Li3PO4 + 3 H2O
D. Li3P + 2 H2O + H3O5
Acid/base neutralizations make salt and water. Be sure to balance the equation.

Section: 06.03
54. Most aquatic life in lakes cannot survive in water with a pH less than
A. 9.
B. 8.
C. 6.
D. 5.
This is fairly acidic.

Section: 06.13
6-22
55. A substance that is hygroscopic
A. absorbs and retains moisture from the atmosphere.

B. releases water to the atmosphere.
C. purifies water by removing nitrate and sulfate ions.
D. prevents atmospheric gases from forming aerosols.
Hygro- refers to water.

Section: 06.12
56. The production of nickel and copper metals from their ores involves sulfur dioxide
emissions because
A. the ores of these elements are composed primarily of NiSO2 and CuSO2.
B. the ores of these elements are composed primarily of NiS and CuS.
C. to release the metals from their ores, the ores are heated with sulfur-containing coal.
D. the release of metals from their ores involves the reaction of SO3 with the ore.
Remember that combustion reactions are vigorous combinations with oxygen gas.

Section: 06.07
57. In the early 1990s, glass manufacturers developed a green chemistry solution to
reducing NO emissions and energy consumption. This involved
A. reducing the temperature required to melt the glass.

B. using liquid rather than solid starting materials to make the glass.
C. substituting 100% oxygen for air in the large furnaces used to melt and reheat the
glass.
D. melting the starting materials in the absence of air (in a vacuum).
Excluding nitrogen blocks the production of NO.
6-23

Section: 06.08
Section: 06.10
58. Iron, an important component of the steel used in the construction of buildings, bridges,
and railroads, combines with oxygen to form Fe2O3, which we recognize as rust. At
room temperature, iron
A. combines readily with atmospheric oxygen to form Fe2O3.

B. requires the presence of a galvanizing agent and oxygen before it can rust.
C. gains valence electrons from atmospheric oxygen, forming Fe2O3.
D. requires the presence of hydrogen ions and oxygen before it can form Fe2O3.
There has to be a full electrochemical reaction for this to occur.

Section: 06.11
59. Which of the following is a weak base?
A. HCl
B. NaOH
C. NH3
D. LiOH
Things with OH- in them are strong bases.

Section: 06.02
6-24
60. What is the concentration of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution containing [H+] = 1
x 10-5 M?
A. 1 x 10-5 M
B. 1 x 10-7 M
C. 1 x 10-9 M
D. 1 x 10-14 M
Remember that 1 x 10-14 M / [H+] = [OH-]

Section: 06.01
Section: 06.02
Section: 06.03
61. Every increase of one pH unit indicates
A. an increase in acidity.
B. 10 times more hydrogen ions in solution.
C. 10 times less hydrogen ions in solution.
D. none of the above.
This is on a log (base 10) scale.

Section: 06.04
True / False Questions
62. The ocean has an acidic pH due to carbon dioxide emissions.
FALSE
The ocean is more complex than freshwater lakes.

Section: 06.13
6-25
Multiple Choice Questions
63. Scientists predict that shells of some ocean creatures will start to dissolve after how
many more years of ocean acidification?
A. 40 years
B. 150 years
C. 300 years
D. 85 years
This will likely be seen in your lifetime.

Section: 06.13
64. Why are mountaintops more susceptible than grassy plains to acid deposition?
A. They are made of softer rock.

B. They contact clouds with more concentrated acid droplets.
C. They are often buried under snow.
D. There is less oxygen at high altitude.
Think about the chemistry of clouds.

Section: 06.12
6-26
65. Which of the following compounds contributes to "dry" acid deposition?
A. Calcium carbonate
B. Ammonium nitrate
C. Sodium hydroxide
D. All of the above
Which of these is a weak acid before it reacts with water?

Section: 06.06
66. Why are automobiles a contributor to acid rain when there is no sulfur in gasoline to
make SOx?
A. This is incorrect because there is sulfur in gasoline.

B. Catalytic converters contain sulfur compounds.
C. Hydrocarbons contribute to acid rain, also.
D. Nitrogen from the atmosphere combines with oxygen in the hot engine to make
NOx.
Remember that there are two causes of acid rain, not only SOx.

Section: 06.08
67. Which of the following is not carried out by bacteria in soil?
A. Atmospheric nitrogen is fixed in soils.

B. Ammonium is converted into nitrites.
C. Nitrites are converted to nitrates.
D. All of these are carried out by bacteria.
Look again, bacteria are busy in the soil.

Section: 06.09
6-27
68. Which of the following countries is the largest consumer of coal (by total mass)?
A. China
B. United States
C. India
D. Indonesia
This is total mass, not per capita.

Section: 06.07
6-28

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Chemistry in Context 7th Edition

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which chemical equation shows the dissociation of 2 protons from trihydrogen

A. H3PO4 → H2+ + HPO4¯

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

2. Which chemical equation shows the dissociation of magnesium hydroxide?

A. Mg(OH)2 → Mg2+ + 2OH¯

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

3. Which concentration is consistent with a basic solution?

A. MH+ = 3.2 × 10¯3 M

Bases have high OH- concentrations and/or low H+ concentrations.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply

A. [OH¯] = 9.63 × 10¯13 M

[OH¯]*[H+] = Kw and [H+] is in moles per liter

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply

5. Evaluate the ratio MH+ (pH 3) / MH+ (pH 7).

Remember that pH = -log[H+]

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply

6. What atmospheric component is responsible for the natural acidity of rain?

This makes carbonic acid.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember

7. Which anthropogenic pollutants are implicated in the formation of most acidic

These make sulfuric and nitric acids.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply

Remember that anthropogenic means caused by humans.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember

A. the extreme conditions involved in gasoline combustion

Think about how hot an internal combustion engine may be.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

A. 1,000 times less

This is three powers of ten different.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

14. Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 1.2 g of potassium hydroxide

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply

pH is -log of the hydronium ion concentration.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply

16. Coal switching refers to the practice of

This is just about using better coal.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember

A. charge a higher price for generated power.

This is a sort of "cap and trade" arrangement.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember

18. Which substance has the highest pH?

This would be the most basic choice.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember

A. HNO2 + H2O → H3O+ + NO2¯

Remember to keep your nitrite ion as one thing.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

20. Predict the products of this reaction: KOH + HNO3 →

Acid and base make a salt and water.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

21. Lakes surrounded by ______ have very little acid-neutralizing capacity.

Marble and limestone are calcium carbonate minerals.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

One is these is common in soil as well as a weak base.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember

A. HNO2 + NaOH → H2O + NaNO2

Remember that the catalytic converter helps modify tailpipe gases.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand

Think about the corrosive effects of acid.