Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Alcohol y Metabolismo Humano
Alcohol y Metabolismo Humano
net/publication/304203514
CITATIONS READS
10 8,910
4 authors:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
We are mostly studying aspects of motivation related to behavioral activation and effort-related functions, including animal models of
human symptoms. View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Marta Miquel on 15 February 2017.
Enviar correspondencia a: Carlos Aragón. Universitat Jaume I. Area de Psicobiología. Campus de Borriol. 8029 AP Castelló
RESUMEN ABSTRACT
Uno de los propósitos del presente trabajo es llevar a One of the objectives of this present work is to carry
cabo una revisión actualizada y resumida de los aspectos out an up-to-date and summarised review of the most
más relevantes de los procesos de absorción, distribución, relevant aspects of alcohol absorption, distribution,
biotransformación (metabolismo) y excreción del alcohol. metabolism and excretion processes. Although there are
Aunque con variaciones individuales importantes, el alcohol significant individual variations, alcohol is, in the main,
se absorbe mayoritariamente a nivel intestinal, se distribu- absorbed at an intestinal level distributed by the organism
ye por el organismo de forma análoga a la del agua corpo- in an analogous way to that of body water and most of it
ral, y se metaboliza en su mayor parte. Dado que la bio- is metabolised. Given that the basic biotransformation of
transformación fundamental del etanol se produce median- ethanol is produced by means of an oxidative enzymatic
te un metabolismo enzimático oxidativo, hemos reservado metabolism, we have set aside a section to analyse -
un apartado para analizar, en la medida de lo posible, los insofar as possible- the enzymatic systems responsible for
sistemas enzimáticos responsables de dicha oxidación. Asi- such oxidisation. In addition, in this chapter, we would like
mismo, con este capítulo hemos querido ofrecer un resu- to provide a summary of the data available on the
men de los datos disponibles sobre la implicación del ace- involvement of acetaldehyde, primary metabolic oxidative,
taldehido, primer metabolito oxidativo del etanol, en los in the effects of alcohol. Said involvement is not limited,
efectos del alcohol. Dicha implicación no se reduce, como as was hitherto believed, to the toxic effects derived from
tradicionalmente se ha creído, a los efectos tóxicos deriva- alcohol consumption. On the contrary, there is an
dos del consumo de alcohol. Por el contrario, existe un cor- increasingly solid body of experimental knowledge that
pus de conocimientos experimentales cada vez más sólido associates acetaldehyde with the euphoric effects of
que relaciona al acetaldehido con los efectos euforizantes alcohol and, consequently, with the ability of this drug to
del alcohol y, en consecuencia, con la capacidad de esta establish a pattern of repeated consumption. Finally, there
droga de establecer un patrón de consumo repetido. Final- is a review of the interactions that can occur between the
mente, se revisan las interacciones que pueden ocurrir metabolism of alcohol and the biotransformation of other
entre el metabolismo del alcohol y la biotransformación de substances. These interactions may always lead to
otras sustancias. Dichas interacciones pueden tener lugar endogenous or exogenous substances sharing the same
siempre que sustancias endógenas o exógenas compartan enzymatic systems with ethanol. In this sense, the
con el etanol los mismos sistemas enzimáticos. En este induction of the P-450 2E1 and other P-450 cytochromes
sentido, merece especial atención la inducción del P-450 in hepatic cells, provoked by the chronic consumption of
2E1 y otros citocromos P-450 en las células hepáticas pro- alcohol, merits particular attention.
vocada por el consumo crónico de alcohol.
Key words: alcohol, acetaldehyde, metabolism, bio-
Palabras clave: alcohol, acetaldehido, metabolismo, transformation.
biotransformación.
(32) Eriksson CJP. The role of acetaldehyde in the (45) Laposata EA, Lang LG. Presence of non-oxida-
actions of alcohol (update 2000). Alcohol clin tive ethanol metabolism in humans organs
commonly damaged by ethanol abuse. Science
Exp Res 2000; 25, 5:15S—32S**.
1986; 231: 497—99.
(33) Raskin NH, Sokoloff L. Enzymes catalyzing
(46) Wrighton SA, Pai JK, Mueller GC. Demonstra-
ethanol metabolism in neural and somatic tis-
tion of two unique metabolites of arachidonic
sues of the rat. J Neurochem 1972; 19: 273—
acid from phobol ester-stimulated bovine
82.
lymphocites. Carcinogenesis 1983; 4: 1247—
(34) Lands WEM. A review of alcohol clearance in 51.
humans. Alcohol 1998; 15: 147—60*.
(47) Omodeo-Sale F, Lindi CL, Palestini P, Maserini
(35) Rout UK. Alcohol dehydrogenases in the brain M. Role of phosphatidylethanol in membrans.
of mice. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1992; 16: Effects of membrane fluidity tolerance to etha-
286—89. nol and activity of membran bound enzimes.
(36) Gill, K, Menez JF, Lucas D, Deitrich RA. Enzy- Biochemistry 1991; 30: 2477—82.
matic production of acetaldehyde from ethanol (48) Chao HM.. Alcohol and the mystique of flus-
in rat brain tissue. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1992; hing. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1995; 19: 104—
16: 910—15. 09**.
(37) Montoliu C, Valles S, Renau-Piqueras J, Guerri (49) Kupari M, Lindros K, Hillbom M, Heikkilä J, Yli-
C. Ethanol-induced oxygen radical formation kahri R. Cardiovascular effects of acetaldehyde
and lipid peroxidation in rat brain: effect of chro- accumaltion after ethanol ingestion: Their modi-
nic alcohol consumption. J Neurochem 1994; fication by beta-adrenergic blockade and alco-
63: 1855—62. hol dehydrogenase inhibition. Alcohol Clin Exp
(38) Smith BR, Aragon CMG, Amit Z. Catalase and Res 1983;7:283—88.
the production of central acetaldehyde: A pos- (50) Inoue K, Fukunaga M, Yamasawa K Accumula-
sible mediator of the psychopharmacological tion of acetaldehyde in alcohol-sensitive Japa-
effects of ethanol. Addict Biol 1997;2: 277-89*. nese: Relation to ethanol and acetaldehyde oxi-
(55) Kuriyama S, Okuma S, Tomono S, Hirouchi M. (66) Mizoi Y, Ijiri I, Tatsuno Y, Kijima T, Fujiwara S,
Effects of alcohol and acetaldehyde on meta- Adachi J, Hishida S. Relationship between
bolism and function of neurotransmitter facial flushing and acetaldehyde levels after
systems in cerebral cortical neurons in primary alcohol intake. Pharmacol Biochem Behav
1979;10:300—11.
culture. Alcohol Alcohol 1987; spl.1: 685—89.
(67) Gianoulakis C, Dewaele JP, Thavundayil J.
(56) Poldrugo F, Snead OC. Effect of ethanol and
Implication of the endogenous opioid system
acetaldehyde on gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in
in excesive ethanol consumption. Alcohol
rat brain and liver. Subs. Alcohol Actions/Misu-
1996;13: 19—3.
se 1985; 5:263—271.
(68) Terenius L. Alcohol addiction (alcoholism) and
(57) Barbaccia ML, Bosio A, Spano PF, Trabucchi M.
the opioid system 1. Alcohol 1996;13: 31-34.
Ethanol metabolism and striatal dopamine tur-
nover. J. Neural Transmiss 1982; 53: 169—77. (69) Takayama S, Uyeno ET. Intravenous self admi-
nistration of ethanol and acetaldehyde by rats.
(58) Pastoric M, Boyadjieva N, Sarkar DK. Compari-
Japanese J Psychopharmacol 1985;5: 329—
son of the effects of alcohol and acetaldehyde
334.
on proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels and β-
endorphin secretion from hypothalamic neu- (70) Myers WD, Ng K, Singer G. Effects of naloxone
rons in primary cultures. Mol. Cel. Neurosci and buprenorphine on intravenous acetaldehy-
1994; 5: 580—586. de self-injection in rats. Phisiol Behav
1984a;33: 807—11.
(59) Reddy BV, Sarkar DK. Effect of alcohol, acetal-
dehyde and salsolinol on β-endorphin secretion (71) Myers WD, Ng K, Singer G. Ethanol preference
from the hypotalamic neurons in primary cultu- in rats with a prior history of acetaldehyde self-
res. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993;17: 161-1267. administration. Experientia 1984b;40: 1008—
10.
(60) Reddy BV, Boyadjeva N, Sarkar DK. Effect of
ethanol, propanol, butanol and catalase enzy- (72) Brown ZW, Amit Z, Smith BR. Intraventricular
me blockers on β−endorphin secretion from self-administration of acetaldehyde but not
primary cultures of hypotalamic neurons: Evi- ethanol, in naive laboratory rats. Psychophar-
dence for a mediatory role of acetaldehyde in macology 1979; 64: 271—76.
ethanol stimulation of β-endorphin release. (73) Rodd-Henricks ZA, Zaffaroni A, Goldstein A,
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1995;19: 339—344. McBride WJ, Li TK. Alcohol Preferring (P) rats
(61) Walsh MJ. Role of acetaldehyde in the interac- self-administer acetaldehyde directly into the
tions of ethanol with neuroamines, 233-266. posterior VTA (abstract). Alcohol Clin Exp Res
En: Biochemical aspects of alcohol; Roach, 2000;(Suppl 5) 24:52 A.
M.K. et al. (eds). 1971 University of Texas (74) Myers RD, Veale WL. Alterations in volitional
Press. alcohol intake produced in rats by chronic intra-
(104) Djordjevic D, Nikolic J, Stefanovic V. Ethanol (108) Leo MA, Lieber CS. Alcohol, vitamin A, and b-
interactions with other cytochrome P450 subs- carotene: Adverse interactions, including hepa-
trates, drugs, xenobiotics, and carcinogens. totoxicity and carcinogenicity. Am J Clin Nutr
Pathol Biol 1998; 46:760—70*. 1999; 69:1071—85*.